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Biomedical subjects

H Kaneda

Publications and source records attributed to H Kaneda.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effects of the Timing of Flashes of Light during the Course of Cellular Rotation on Phototactic Orientation of Individual Cells of Cryptomonas.

The swimming movement of Cryptomonas sp. cells generates a helical path, as a result of rotations with an average period of 500 milliseconds. When a flash of light at 570 nanometers for 20 microseconds was applied unidirectionally at intervals of 500 milliseconds, only a fixed side of each rotating cell was repeatedly exposed to the flashes of light. The relationship between the irradiated side of a cell and the phototactic orientation of the cell, rotating with a period of 475 to 525 milliseconds, was determined by infrared videomicrography. Only when the ventral sides of the cells were exposed to the flashes of light did their courses shift predominantly toward the light source. This result suggests that light is efficiently detected by the ventral side of these organisms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase in rat liver during 3'-Me-DAB hepatocarcinogenesis: immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical study.

Immunohistochemical localization of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) in rat liver during 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated and compared with sites of gamma-GTP activity. Immunohistochemically, gamma-GTP was stained in the apical border of proliferating oval cells during the early stages of azo-dye carcinogen feeding. After 7 weeks, multiple hyperplastic nodules appeared in which gamma-GTP was localized in the bile canaliculi. In hepatoma tissues, positive staining for gamma-GTP was observed in the bile canaliculi-like spaces, on the cell membrane, and sometimes in the cytoplasm of malignant cells. Enzyme histochemical staining showed gamma-GTP activity to be present in almost the same areas as the immunoreactive gamma-GTP. However, some areas adjacent to hepatoma tissue showed immunohistochemically reactive protein but no enzyme activity. Immunoreactive gamma-GTP was present in all locations at which enzyme activity was seen. The present data suggest that an altered form of gamma-GTP might be present in tissues during 3'-Me-DAB hepatocarcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacological characterization of alcohol and barbital physical dependence in mice.

To confirm our previous finding that the underlying mechanism for the development of physical dependence on alcohol and barbital are fundamentally different from each other, further studies on the effect of drugs that modify neurotransmission on the alcohol and barbital withdrawal signs were carried out in alcohol and barbital dependent mice. Phentolamine, propranolol and methysergide exacerbated the alcohol withdrawal signs but suppressed the barbital withdrawal signs indicating the qualitative difference of the underlying mechanism. Some quantitative differences were also found in the effect of clonidine, prazosin, yohimbine, muscimol and bicuculline. On the other hand, metoprolol, atropine and scopolamine did not affect the withdrawal signs developed in the alcohol and barbital dependent animals at the dose employed in the present experiment. These results indicate that the withdrawal signs that appear in alcohol and barbital dependent animals are the manifestation of functional abnormalities of the nervous system, and alcohol and barbital dependence rely on different mechanisms for their production.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of results of anorectal manometry performed after surgery for anorectal malformations and repeated three years later.

Anorectal manometry was performed in 27 patients 2 to 16 years after surgical correction of anorectal malformations and again 3 years after the initial examination. Further clinical improvement from faecal incontinence to normal bowel habits was observed in 3 of 11 patients with high anomaly. All of these 3 patients received special physiotherapeutic training from 3 months to 1 year during the two examinations. At the second examination these 3 patients had an anorectal pressure difference of more than 10 cmH2O, which is almost normal, and one of the 3 patients had developed an anorectal reflex. These results suggest that the functioning puborectalis muscle, which had been left intact during surgery, might be reinforced by physiotherapeutic training.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1986

Differentiation of alcohol and barbital physical dependence.

In order to elucidate the fundamental differences between alcohol and barbital physical dependence, comparative studies were made on the effect of various drugs on the withdrawal signs developed in alcohol and barbital dependent mice. Ethanol, barbital and diazepam, drugs of alcohol-barbiturate type dependence liability, and ethosuximide, an anticonvulsant, suppressed both withdrawal signs in a dose dependent manner. The effects of these drugs were different from each other only quantitatively and no special difference was observed between the effects on alcohol and barbital withdrawal signs. On the other hand, the effects of phenytoin, an anticonvulsant, and pentylenetetrazol, a convulsant, were only evident in alcohol dependent animals. Phenytoin elicited body tremor and markedly exacerbated the alcohol withdrawal signs, but slightly suppressed the barbital withdrawal signs. Dose-response curves for the convulsive effect of pentylenetetrazol obtained at the peak of the withdrawal signs shifted greatly to the left in alcohol withdrawn animals but less in barbital withdrawn animals. These discrepancies between the effects on alcohol and barbital withdrawal signs may suggest a difference in the underlying mechanisms for the production of alcohol and barbital physical dependence.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Objective assessment of anorectal function after sphincter reconstruction using the gluteus maximus muscle. Report of a case.

Sphincter reconstruction using the gluteus maximus muscle was attempted in a 9-year-old boy who had been incontinent following surgery for the high type of anorectal malformation. Anorectal function following this procedure was assessed by anorectal manometry, defecogram, and electromyography. Postoperative function improved from Kelly 1 (poor) to Kelly 3 (fair). Adequate anorectal pressure difference and good voluntary contraction were documented one year after surgery. A defecogram one month postoperatively showed the presence of an empty segment which had not been noted before. Tonic activity at rest, which had not been present before, was found both one month and one year after surgery. These results indicate that the gluteus maximus muscle maintains some function as a newly created anorectal sphincter. In the present study, the patient was examined periodically for one year after surgery. Further follow-up studies are necessary.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1985

The effect of gastrin, secretin and prostaglandin F2 alpha on the lower esophageal sphincter of dogs after Nissen fundoplication.

The effect of gastrin, secretin and prostaglandin F2 alpha on the canine lower esophageal sphincter (LES) after Nissen fundoplication was investigated by esophageal manometry. The gastrin-stimulated LES pressure was significantly higher intraoperatively 2 and 4 weeks after operation than the preoperative stimulation pressure. On the other hand, the prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated LES pressure 2 weeks after operation did not differ significantly from the preoperative stimulation value. At 2 weeks after Nissen fundoplication the LES pressure before secretin injection was significantly higher than the preoperative value. However, the LES pressure after secretin injection did not differ significantly from the preoperative stimulation pressure. Therefore, it seems that exogenously administered gastrin, unlike prostaglandin F2 alpha, stimulates the antireflux mechanism after wrapping of the gastric fundus in the Nissen procedure. It was suggested that secretin reacts against the new muscular sphincter substitute created by wrapping of the gastric fundus in the Nissen procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Marked episodic elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure during nocturnal sleep in patients with sleep apnea hypersomnia syndrome.

The CSF pressure was measured continuously at the lumbar level during nocturnal sleep in 3 patients with sleep apnea hypersomnia syndrome. Nocturnal sleep was very unstable with frequent episodes of obstructive sleep apnea. When the patients were awake and relaxed in the supine position, their CSF pressure was stable and within the normal range. Episodic marked elevations of CSF pressure occurred frequently during sleep, and each elevation was preceded and accompanied by an episode of sleep apnea or hypopnea. Significant correlations were found between the duration of apneic episodes and increase of CSF pressure, and between decrease of SaO2 or TcPO2 and increase of CSF pressure. The duration of sleep apnea was longer, increase of CSF pressure was greater, and decreases of SaO2 and TcPO2 were more marked during REM sleep than during NREM sleep. It is suggested that the frequent marked episodic elevations of CSF pressure are caused by an increase in the intracranial vascular volume occurring mainly in response to transient hypercapnia and hypoxia, which are induced by pulmonary hypoventilation during the episodes of sleep apnea.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Postoperative continence assessed by electromyography of the external sphincter in anorectal malformations.

Voluntary faecal continence after corrective surgery for anorectal malformations was assessed via electromyography (EMG) of the external sphincter muscle in 20 patients with anorectal malformations. Six normal children served as controls. Function of the external sphincter in patients with high type anomaly was disturbed from the points of tonic activity, inflation reflex, and activity during further rectal filling. Patients with a positive inflation reflex, regardless of the type of anorectal malformation, had good Kelly scores. Phasic activity was observed in patients with high-type anomaly, and in normal subjects and patients with other types of anomaly. Therefore, patients with high-type anomaly may acquire compensatory voluntary anal continence through training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Increased asialo-alpha-fetoprotein in patients with alpha-fetoprotein-producing tumors: demonstration by affinity electrophoresis with erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin of Phaseolus vulgaris lectin.

Affinity electrophoresis of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) with the erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin of Phaseolus vulgaris (E-PHA) gave up to five resolved bands (y, h, i, l and a; given in the order of decreasing affinity for E-PHA); band a having no affinity and bands y and h representing asialo-AFP's. The proportion of band y increased in extrahepatic tumors producing AFP, including yolk sac tumor, and of band h, in addition, in hepatocellular carcinoma. The proportion of either band y or h (or y + h) increased, over the means plus 2 standard deviations of the respective bands of cord serum AFP, in 20 out of 25 cases (80%) of hepatocellular carcinoma, including cell lines, and in all the patients with extrahepatic malignancy. Band i was detected in more than half the cases with malignancy, although the extent of its increases was much less. Band a appeared only in limited cases. None of the hepatitis and cirrhotic patients showed increased proportions of band y or h (or y + h), indicating the usefulness of the determination of asialo-AFP for the discrimination between benign and malignant liver diseases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Assessment and achievement of postoperative continence in imperforate anus].

Functional results after surgical correction of anorectal malformations were assessed on a clinical basis following Kelly score, by manometric and radiologic studies. Sixty-five patients, older than 5 years, were personally interviewed and 51 of the 65 had manometric and radiologic studies to evaluate postoperative continence. Continent patients with high type lesions as well as those with low type lesions characteristically had a marked anorectal pressure difference and an acute anorectal angulation in the defecogram. On the other hand, in the patients with fair or poor results, neither a marked anorectal pressure difference nor anorectal angulation was found. These results indicate that achievement of continence in patients with a high type lesion treated by staged abdominoperineal rectoplasty depends upon bringing the terminal bowel down exactly within the sling of the puborectalis muscle.

Anus, Imperforate↗
PubMed1984

125I-glucagon-degrading activity in acid-saline extracts of rat salivary gland.

The antibody-binding ability of the glucagon-like substance in rat submaxillary gland acid saline extract was examined by affinity chromatography, and the biological activity studied using the isolated liver perfusion method. We found that the glucagon-like substances in acid saline extract could not be bound to anti-glucagon antibody and that the gel-filtration peak on ultrogel AcA 54 could increase neither glucose nor cyclic AMP output from isolated perfused rat liver. Furthermore, the radioactivity peak of 125I-glucagon on Bio Gel P-6 column chromatography moved from its original position and eluted in later fractions after incubation with an acid saline extract of the submaxillary gland. In consequence, there was 125I-glucagon degrading activity in the submaxillary gland, but no glucagon-related peptide. Therefore, it is suggested that the glucagon-like substance, which has been reported in acid saline extract of the rat salivary gland, may be an artifact due to tracer degrading activity.

Animals↗