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Biomedical subjects

H Kamiya

Publications and source records attributed to H Kamiya.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against varicella-zoster virus-infected targets.

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against cryopreserved varicella-zoster virus-infected human foreskin fibroblasts was detected in a 51Cr release assay. Target cells, samples of seropositive or seronegative sera, and mononuclear cells obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation of human peripheral blood were added to microtiter plate wells and allowed to incubate at 37 degrees C for 4 h. Fibroblasts infected for 48 to 96 h were susceptible to ADCC. Effector cells from seropositive and seronegative normal children were equally active in the assay. Antibody titers were determined by testing serial dilutions of sera in the ADCC assay. Zoster immune globulin had a titer of 204,800. Sera from 40 naturally seropositive individuals were compared by assays for ADCC and fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen. All sera that were negative by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (less than 2) were also negative by ADCC (less than 20). All sera that were positive by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen were also positive by ADCC, but titers of individual sera were frequently 5 to 20 times higher in the ADCC assay.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime (author's transl)].

Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated in 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function. In addition, the clinical effect of CZX was evaluated in 26 pediatric patients with various infections. In 4 of the 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function, intravenous bolus injection of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg yielded a mean peak serum level of 36.5 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour after infusion, and mean serum levels of 12.5 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 6.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 1.25--2.55 hours. In another child, serum levels of CZX at 1/2, 2 and 4 hours after intravenous bolus injection in a dose of 10 mg/kg were 19.60, 5.96 and 2.06 micrograms/ml, respectively. The clear difference in dose response between 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg reflected the doubled dose levels. In the remaining 4 children, drip infusion of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg (1 child 17 mg/kg) over 0.5--1.5 hours yielded peak serum levels at the end of infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 0.95--1.50 hours. About 80% of CZX was excreted in the urine within 6 hours after infusion in the 4 children tested. Twenty-six pediatric patients with various infections were treated with CZX intravenous doses of 20 mg/kg to 118 mg/kg b.i.d.--q.i.d. for 3--14 days. Of the 12 patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 showed excellent response, 6 good and 1 fair response. Of the 5 patients with urinary tract infection, 4 showed excellent response and 1 good response. One patient each with colitis, tonsillitis and facial cellulitis, pharyngitis showed excellent response and 1 patient each with purulent thyroiditis and gluteal abscess showed good response. The single patients with sepsis showed excellent response. One patient each with pyothorax, purulent arthritis and cerebral abscess showed poor response. Overall effectiveness rate was 84.6%. although 22 of all 26 patients treated had serious underlying diseases such as APL, AML. A mild increase in GOT and GPT was observed in 1 patient during treatment with CZX, and the values returned to normal after discontinuation of the drug. These results suggest that ceftizoxime is 1 of the most important antibiotics for treating a wide range of infections in children as well as in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An ultrastructural study of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis.

Fifteen cases of a unique lymphadenitis called subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis were studied electron-microscopically. The large lymphoreticular cells proliferating at cortical or paracortical areas of the lymph nodes mainly consisted of immunoblasts and histiocytoid cells, which were characterized by numerous intracytoplasmic myelinlike inclusions. Such histiocytoid cells seemed to be derived from the immunoblasts. Tubuloreticular structures, which had been often noticed within endothelial cells or lymphocytes of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or SLE-related diseases, were also observed with high frequency in most cases examined. They were present within the cytoplasm of immunoblasts, endothelial cells, and histiocytoid cells. Immunoblasts in mitosis occasionally contained these structures. We offer the hypothesis that subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis with still unknown etiology may reflect a self-limited SLE-like autoimmune condition induced by virus-infected transformed lymphocytes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Experience with high-dose methotrexate therapy for malignant solid tumors].

Thirteen patients with malignant solid tumors, mainly osteogenic sarcomas, were treated by high-dose MTX therapy, 50-400 mg/kg, in a total of 72 cycles. It has been proved that this therapy was relatively safe provided careful clinical surveillance were assured. Of 8 patients with osteogenic sarcomas, 6 had no metastatic lesions on the chest X-rays before this therapy: three were alive without any evidence of disease for 18-25 months after high-dose MTX therapy. In some cases of other malignant solid tumors, particularly intracranial tumors, clinical efficacy was observed. Dose-time relationships, etc. should further be studied for more therapeutic efficacies of high-dose MTX therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Properties and distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat striatal micropunched tissue homogenates.

The properties of muscarinic receptors in rat striatal micropunched tissue homogenates were studied with a binding technique using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) as ligand. Among the agonists, oxotremorine was the most potent inhibitor (ID50 value, 2.20 X 10(-5) M), followed by pilocarpine, acetylcholine, carbachol and bethanechol. No marked differences were found between the binding properties of QNB in the micropunched tissue homogenates and membrane fractions. Therefore, the detailed distribution of muscarinic receptors in the striatum was examined using the micropunched tissue homogenates. High levels of QNB binding in the striatum were found at dorso-lateral sites and low levels in the center regions of the striatum. The technique presented here for studying small regions of the striatum should be useful in further studies of the function of cholinergic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of imipramine on high potassium evoked 3H-dopamine release in the rat striatum.

The effects of three different types of dopamine (DA) uptake inhibitor, imipramine, cocaine and nomifensine, were examined on high potassium evoked 3H-DA release using tissues obtained from rat striatum by a micropuncture technique. Imipramine caused an increase in 3H-DA efflux and this imipramine-induced efflux is Ca2+-independent. Moreover, imipramine reduced the high potassium evoked release, and at 50 microM, the release by potassium stimulation was entirely abolished. These results support that imipramine depletes vesicular DA which is released by potassium stimulation as well as an inhibitory effect on DA uptake. However, nomifensine dose not have such an effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefoxitin in pediatrics (author's transl)].

Laboratory and clinical studies of CFX were conducted on 30 pediatric inpatients at the Department of Pediatrics of Mie University. The results of the sensitivity evaluation conducted on 37 clinical isolates consisting of 16 species were in accordance with the findings reported hitherto in the literature, i.e., CFX was superior to CEZ and CET in terms of the growth inhibitory effect against Gram-negative rods. The serum peak level was obtained 5 minutes after an intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg, and 15 minutes after a drip infusion of 30 minutes using the same dose. The average terminal half life was 13 minutes 15 seconds for the former and 20 minutes for the latter. Clinical evaluation was made on a total of 22 eligible patients. The results were classified as follows: Excellent in 4 cases, good in 12, fair in 4 and poor in 2. The effective rate of CFX was 72.7%. Side effects observed were vascular pain, rash and vomiting, all of which were mild in nature and disappeared immediately after discontinuation of, or change in the routine of drug administration.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Effectiveness of acetylspiramycin for Mycoplasma pneumonia in children (author's transl)].

The clinical efficacy and safety of acetylspiramycin for Mycoplasma pneumonia in children were studied at a dose level of 50 mg/kg/day q.i.d. and the following results were obtained. Acetylspiramycin showed effect in 24 patients out of 25 (96.0%). The level of transminase was increased in 3 cases on admission. One of them was an uneffective case, and eruption was seen after administrating the drug. Diarrhea and poor appetite were observed in one case as side effects, and they were controlled easily. It may be concluded from these results acetylspiramycin was relatively free from side effects and considered to be useful for Mycoplasma pneumonia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Laboratory and clinical studies cefroxadine in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Cefroxadine (CGP-9000, CXD) is an orally active cephalosporin which has been newly developed by Ciba-Geigy. Its antibacterial activity against clinically isolated organisms, absorption and excretion after oral administration and clinical responses of patients with infections were studied. Its antibacterial activity against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae was comparable to that of CEX. Against E. coli, it showed slightly stronger activity than CEX. The serum concentrations of CXD was measured in 6 patients given orally 10 mg/kg of it after meals. The peak mean serum level attained 1 hour after administration was 11.66 mcg/ml. Forty-three children with various infections (upper respiratory infections, lower respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, etc.) were given 17 approximately 46 mg/kg (averaged 28.7 mg/kg) of CXD daily. The result was excellent in 26 cases, good in 12 cases, fair in 3 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 2 cases, showing an effective rate of 88.4%. Side effect of transient leukopenia and elevation of S-GOT were noticed in 2 cases. However, there were no serious adverse reactions in our study. It is concluded that CXD might be effective in rather mild cases of respiratory or urinary tract infections.

Adolescent↗