[Femoral arteriography].
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Femoral Artery↗
Biomedical subjects
H J Hansen
Publications and source records attributed to H J Hansen.
Use of zirconyl phosphate gel for the separation of antigens from antigen-antibody complexes in radioimmunoassays: assays for carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and insulin.
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Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Neuro-histological reactions following tooth extractions.
The neuro-histological reactions after tooth extraction were investigated in the extraction alveolus, the mandibular nerve and the trigeminal ganglion. In the ganglion, nerve cell bodies showing signs of retrograde reaction (chromatolysis and nuclear displacement) were seen 12 h after extraction. Maximal number of reacting cells were registered in the first postoperative week. Three weeks after extraction the number of reacting cells were at a normal low level. In the mandibular nerve no signs of axon degeneration could be demonstrated. In the alveolus, initial traumatic axon degeneration was followed by regeneration 2 days after extraction. Within the first postoperative week the alveolus was filled with connective tissue, in which many long thin axons were seen. Cancellous bone then filled the alveolus; the axons were thereby gathered - concentrated - into fascicles in the central part, with a direction towards the limbus. However, this was only passed by very few axons. Four months after extraction signs of axon degeneration were seen, and 2 months later the myelin sheaths also displayed degenerative signs. Ten months after extraction a minor area of connective tissue with a content of few axons and vessels was found at the bottom of the former alveolus. The histological appearance was of a small traumatic neuroma.
Alveolar Process↗
Coarctation of the abdominal aorta.
Coarctation of the abdominal aorta with stenoses or occlusions of the renal and mesenterial arteries was diagnosed in four patients. Three of the patients had severe hypertension and two had intermittent claudication. All the patients had normal arteries in the legs. The first patient was diagnosed i 1974 and was judged at that time to be inoperable. He is still alive, but suffers from severe hypertension and intermittent claudication. The other three patients were diagnosed later and have all been surgically treated, two with Dacron bypasses from the thoracic to the abdominal aorta, one of them with supplemental Dacron bypasses to both renal arteries, the celiac axis, and the superior mesenteric artery. The last patient had a Dacron prosthesis from the thoracic aorta to both common femoral arteries implanted. Post-operatively, the three patients operated on were free from symptoms and normotensive.
Adolescent↗
Peripheral arterial embolism. A follow-up of 130 consecutive patients submitted to embolectomy.
A series of 130 consecutive patients operated on for peripheral arterial embolism in 152 extremities and the longterm results of surgery are presented. The source of embolism was identifiable in 82 percent of the cases, atrial fibrillation being the source in 37 percent and myocardial infarction in 24 percent. Microscopy of the embolus permitted the diagnosis bronchogenic carcinoma in five patients. Echocardiography resulted in surgical correction in one younger patient with left atrial myxoma. Fourteen percent of the patients died after embolectomy. The initial limb salvage rate was 77 percent, and had fallen to 39 percent at the time of follow-up. The cause of this fall in salvage rate was not amputations, but excessive high mortality in the patient group compared to the normal population. The cumulative survival rate was thus 69, 39 and 21 percent, one, five, and 10 years after operation. Death was primarily due to the patients' underlying cardiovascular disease.
Adolescent↗
Emergency revascularization of the superior mesenteric artery in acute intestinal ischemia caused by thrombosis.
Acute mesenterial ischemia resulting from thrombosis of atherosclerotic mesenterial arteries still carries a very high mortality, even when revascularization is undertaken early. Four patients are presented in whom acute revascularization of the superior mesenteric artery with minor intestinal resections were performed. Three of the patients had previous histories of abdominal angina; one of these died postoperatively. Of the surviving three patients, two were free of gastrointestinal symptoms 13 and 19 months after the operation respectively, while the last was still hospitalized three months postoperatively with frequent bouts of diarrhea and feeding problems. Since approximately 50 per cent of patients with acute intestinal ischemia develop abdominal angina prior to the acute exacerbation, it is of utmost importance to diagnose this condition before onset of the acute episode, as an elective operation has a low mortality and a good long-term prognosis. A dramatic improvement in the operative results of the acute episode are not to be expected, but revascularization as soon as possible after the onset of the acute episode combined with localized intestinal resection as required can improve the prognosis, especially in younger patients free from complicating cardiac disease.
Aged↗
The iliac vein compression syndrome. A case report with a review of the literature.
The iliac compression syndrome results from reduced venous return from the left leg due to pressure from the right common iliac artery on the underlying left common iliac vein where it enters the inferior vena cava. The pressure results in intravenous band and adhesion formation which can lead to iliofemoral thrombosis with insufficient recanalization. We present such a case in a young man who had swelling, venous claudication, siderosclerosis, and skin ulcers. The syndrome was diagnosed by pelvic phlebography, arteriography, venous emptying time, and venous pressure measurement. Palma's crossover operation was performed, in which the contralateral great saphenous vein was transposed subcutaneously to the ipsilateral common femoral vein peripheral to the obstruction. To avoid graft thrombosis, a temporary arterio-venous fistula was created. Follow-up six months after the operation showed the operative result to the satisfactory.
Adult↗
Endarterectomy of the superficial femoral artery.
The long-term results of 63 consecutive femoro-popliteal endarterectomies are presented and discussed. The average period of follow-up was 52 months. There were no per- or postoperative deaths. The early failure rate was 30 % (10 out of 63) and five-year patency was 26 %. Extremities with compromised inflow and/or outflow had a five-year patency of only 10 %, whereas five-year patency was 40 % for the remainder. Endarterectomies of short occlusions and a five-year patency of 38 %, while five-year patency for long occlusions was only 8%. Since five-year patency for even the optimal operative candidate (with only moderate ischemic symptoms, with short occlusions of the femoral artery, as well as with both good inflow and outflow) was not above 40 %, the authors conclude that endarterectomy is not suited for the treatment of femoro-popliteal occlusions.
Adult↗
Umbilical vein grafts for reconstructive surgery below the inguinal ligament.
Thirty-five of 118 bypass procedures of the lower extremities were performed using umbilical vein grafts (Biograft) in patients without suitable great saphenous veins. Four early thromboses occurred, and two thrombectomies were performed, one successfully. Two late thromboses occurred, and in both cases thrombectomies were attempted, one successfully. Four grafts (11 per cent) occluded within a mean follow-up time of 10 months. The accumulated patency was 80 per cent after 21 months. Three patients with thrombosed grafts received below-the-knee amputations. One patient with an open graft also received a below-the-knee amputation because of osteomyelitis and muscle necrosis. Finally, one patient with an open graft underwent an amputation of the forefoot because of small vessel disease.
Adult↗
Peripheral arterial injuries.
Forty-two patients with traumatic lesions of peripheral arteries were treated during a period of 11 years. Two thirds of all injuries were seen in patients less than 30 years old. Traffic accidents were responsible for half of the lesions; 36 per cent of the lesions were seen in the upper extremity, 4 per cent in the pelvis, and 60 per cent in the lower extremity. The most frequent accompanying lesion was fracture which occurred in half of the patients. In seven patients, an extremity was amputated. Accompanying fractures were present in six of the seven patients. The location of the lesion and the time interval from injury to revascularization are crucial.
Accidents, Traffic↗
The effect of arterial reconstruction on lower limb amputation rate. An epidemiological survey based on reports from Danish hospitals.
During the period 1 April-31 December 1976, the incidence rates of admission, of amputation and of arterial reconstruction for arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs were calculated from information in the Danish National Patient Register. Admissions increased with age (from 4.3 per 100,000 persons under 40 years of age per year to 1603 per 100.000 persons over 80 years per year). Similarly, lower limb amputations varied with age (from 0.3 to 226 per 100.000 persons per year). Arterial reconstructions, however, did not vary with age, but remained rather constant at about 50 per 100.000 persons per year, in persons over 50 years. The incidence rates of admissions, amputations and arterial reconstructions in men were 1.5 x the incidence rates in women. Both amputation and arterial reconstruction showed a significant regional variation from county to county. However, the rates were not correlated, and the expected amputation-preventing-effect of arterial reconstructions could not be demonstrated. The most probable cause for this was the inadequate capacity for vascular surgery in Denmark. An estimation shows that of the 1100 operated on for severe lower limb ischemia during the period studied, only 290 were offered arterial reconstruction.
Adult↗
Arterial reconstruction of the brachiocephalic trunk and the subclavian arteries. 10 years' experience with a follow-up study.
During a 10-year period, 60 patients were operated on for occlusive lesions in the brachiocephalic trunk and/or the subclavian arteries proximal to the vertebral artery. Angiography showed 68 occlusive lesions, of which 64 were treated surgically. Of these, 47 exhibited subclavian steal. Sixty-three reconstructive procedures were performed together with two arterial ligations (four patients were operated on bilaterally and one patient was operated on twice on the same side). There were 30 transthoracic procedures, essentially endarterectomies, and 35 supraclavicular procedures, mostly carotid-subclavian bypasses and transpositions of the subclavian artery to the common carotid artery. One patient died (1.5 per cent). Serious complications occurred in additional four cases. In the follow-up study data on all the patients were available. During the follow-up period, ranging from four to 124 months (mean 43 months) seven patients died - none of cerebral ischemia. Based on blood pressure recordings and in doubtful cases, angiography, we found a cumulated five-year patency rate of 76 per cent. Seventy per cent of the patients considered their condition after operation to be improved, 26 per cent unchanged and three per cent worsened. Twice as many patients could work after the operation as before. The cumulative survival rate was found to be somewhat lower than that of a normal population.
Adult↗
The influence of environmental salinity, temperature, ionizing irradiation and yellow or silver stage on lipid metabolism in the gills of the european eel (Anguilla anguilla).
1. The influence of temperature on the incorporation of [32P]phosphate and [14C]acetate into gill lipids in vivo depends also on environmental salinity. 2. Ionizing irradiation (1000 r) results in a relatively enhanced incorporation of [32P]phosphate into phosphatidyl choline and of [14C]acetate into triglycerides and wax esters in vivo. 3. When gill tissue is removed from the animal and incubated in vitro, a pronounced dependence of lipid metabolism on previous environmental salinity is not observed.
Acclimatization↗
Calcification in a pineal tumour studied by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and x-ray microanalysis.
The calcification in a totally calcified pineal tumour was studied. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the tumour was a pinealoma. The type of calcification was investigated by bright-field and dark-field transmission electron microscopy in addition to electron diffraction and electron-induced x-ray fluorescence. The calcified material consisted predominantly of amorphous calcium phosphate. The type of calcification differs from the normal calcification present in pineal acervuli which consists of crystalline hydroxypatite.
Brain Neoplasms↗
The coexistence of acute myeloblastic leukemia and diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in the same patient as demonstrated by multiparameter analysis.
Measurement of cellular DNA content by flow cytometry demonstrated presence of two distinct aneuploid neoplasms in a patient who developed acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) 4 mo after diagnosis of a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL). A lymph node aspirate contained peroxidase-negative, "null," hyperdiploid (2.6C) DHL cells, while the bone marrow (BM) contained 84% primitive peroxidase-positive tetraploid AML cells (4.0C). Minor populations of hyperdiploid HDL and normal diploid cells could be detected by flow-cytometry in the BM, and all three populations were also seen in the peripheral blood.
Adult↗
The effect in vitro of ionizing irradiation and small rises in temperature on the uptake and release of labelled lipids by the human erythrocyte membrane.
1. The effect of X-irradiation (50 000 rad) and an increase in temperature from 37 to 42 degrees C on the synthesis, uptake and release of labelled lipids by erythrocytes was studied in plasma incubations in vitro. 2. Both irradiation and a rise in temperature resulted in an inhanced synthesis of [32P]phosphatidic acid in the erythrocytes. 3. The uptake by the erythrocytes of 14C- and 3H-labelled cholesterol, [14C, 32P]phosphatidylethanolamine and [14C, 32P]phosphatidylcholine from plasma lipoproteins was increased by a rise in temperature but not by irradiation. These labelled lipids were apparently taken up in the ratio in which they were found in plasma. They were not released from the erythrocytes in the same manner.
Cholesterol↗
Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen as a plasma monitor for human breast carcinoma.
Plasma CEA levels have been determined in 92 normal women and 768 women with benign or malignant breast diseases. Only one of 92 normal women had a CEA level above 5 ng/ml. Of 253 women with benign breast diseases (gross cystic disease, adenofibroma, fibrosis, etc.) only one had a CEA level above 5 ng/ml. Ninety-four percent of the above two groups of women had CEA levels below 3 ng/ml. Of 164 women operated upon for Columbia Clinical Classification Stage A or B breast carcinoma, preoperative CEA levels were above 5 ng/ml in seven (4%). Patients with a preoperative CEA level above 3 ng/ml seemed to have an increased incidence of tumor recurrence. Elevated CEA levels (greater than 10 ng/ml) in our postmastectomy population of 288 patients have correlated with development of metastases in 14 of 46 subjects. Of 216 patients under treatment for metastatic breast carcinoma, CEA levels above 10 ng/ml have been detected in 15 percent of patients with soft tissue metastases, 38% of patients with visceral metastases and 50% of patients with osseous metastases. Of metastatic breast carcinoma patients with CEA levels above 10 ng/ml serial measurements have correlated with the patients response to therapy, progressively increasing in treatment failures and decreasing in treatment responders.
Aged↗
Immunoperoxidase detection of carcinoembryonic antigen: an overview.
The advent of immunoperoxidase histochemistry techniques has allowed the more convenient visualization by light microscopy of antigenic cellular constituents. Application of the unlabeled and labeled antibody enzyme methods to the localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in conventionally prepared tissue specimens has revealed the feasibility of using immunoperoxidase techniques in routine diagnostic pathology. The methods involved are well defined and once antibody specificity and antigen stability are determined, they are adaptable to the identification of other immunological markers that may appear in malignant tissue specimens.
Antibody Specificity↗