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Biomedical subjects

H J Glander

Publications and source records attributed to H J Glander.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Measurements of membrane potential of human sperm using electrode sensitive to tetraphenyl phosphonium cations.

For the first time, an attempt was made to measure the transmembrane potential of human spermatozoa by an electrode sensitive to the lipophilic cation tetraphenyl phosphonium (TPP+). However, the assumption of a single correlation between the decrease of the TPP+ concentration in the medium and metabolism-dependent membrane potential cannot be confirmed. The participation of different processes is very likely. Artificially damaged spermatozoa showed an enhanced affinity to TPP+ (the stronger the damage, the stronger the affinity of the spermatozoa to TPP+), but there were no significant differences of the cellular affinity to TPP+ between fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa.

Electrodes↗
PubMed1987

[Spermiologic aspects of in vitro fertilization].

Some publications of the last three years, which deal with the influence of the spermatozoa on the success rates of the in vitro fertilization (ivf) were analysed: 1. Semen samples with 10(7) spermatozoa per ml and more than 30% motile and normally configurated sperm cells are regarded as the lower limit of the usability. 2. Microbiological investigations, determination of the concentration of white blood cells, assessment of the motility during an in vitro incubation, evaluation of the acrosomal enzymes, the resistance of the spermatozoa to osmotic stress and the ability of the penetration of pre-ovulatory mucus represent additional criteria for the selection of semen samples. 3. The correlation between the results of the penetration test of the zona pellucida-free hamster oocytes and of the ivf is discussed. A lower limit of the conventional semen parameters concerning a success of the ivf is not detectable by this test. 4. The applied method of the separation of the spermatozoa should depend on the sperm quality. "Swim up"-method led to the best rates of fertilization. 5. Improvement of the male conditions for the ivf is possible. 6. The infertility caused by antisperm-antibodies is an accepted indication of ivf in contrast to oligozoospermia. 7. The fertilization of the oocyte by the spermatozoon prerequisites several spermatozoal alterations (capacitation, acrosome reaction), which are presented in this article in parts.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1987

[Comments on reversible nonhormonal contraception in the male].

The development of substances that could be employed as male contraceptives would be of worldwide importance. As yet, however, it has not proved possible to find a substance which provides reliable contraception during use, whose effects are reversible following discontinuation, and which has minimal side-effects. Furthermore, the possibility of mutagenic effects and adverse effects on libido or sexual potency must be excluded and systemic application must be possible. The drugs gossypol, alpha-chlorohydrin and hexose derivates, which are presented in detail in this article, partly fulfil these requirements but are still a long way from representing an ideal compound for use as a male contraceptive. However, studies of these drugs may indicate ways of achieving the ultimate goal. The drugs showed interesting properties, which suggest that they may be used for purposes other than male contraception.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

[Modification of cAMP concentration of the human sperm by low temperature preservation and sperm preparation for in vitro fertilization of oocytes].

The cryopreservation was accompanied by a significant decrease of the concentration of cAMP of human spermatozoa. The process of isolation of spermatozoa with the aim of the fertilization of oocytes hardly influenced the cAMP-concentration. Immediately following incubation of the spermatozoa in a basic capacitation medium led to an increase of the level of cAMP in spermatozoa. Significant differences were detectable comparing the concentration of cAMP after incubation in presence and absence of albumin.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of monosaccharides on net ion fluxes across the sperm membrane. Contribution to capacitation].

Monosaccharide supply, monosaccharide fluxes and ion fluxes play an important role in the process of capacitation of spermatozoa. Therefore we investigated the influence of D-glucose and D-fructose on the net -fluxes of Na+ and Rb+. The Na+ fluxes were very low and showed no alterations, when glucose or fructose were present in the incubation medium. On the other hand the net-Rb+-fluxes, which can be regarded as representative for the net-K+-fluxes, were energy dependent and ouabain-sensitive. Moreover D-glucose and D-fructose increased significantly the affinity of Rb+ towards its transport system. The specifity of these interactions is discussed.

Fructose↗
PubMed1984

[Serum testosterone determination in the antiandrogen therapy of sexual deviations with cyproterone acetate (preliminary report of experiences)].

Total testosterone concentrations in the serum of patients treated with antiandrogens were measured by means of an industrially produced radioimmunological testosterone assay kit (VEB Sächsisches Serumwerk Dresden). Antiandrogen therapy using cyproterone acetate (Androcur) leads to a reduction in serum testosterone concentration which is significant at the p less than 0.01 level. The data suggest that testosterone concentrations vary inversely with increasing Androcur dosage; they are around 7 nmol/l at the doses conventionally administered. The testosterone concentrations obtained under depot-Androcur treatment suggest that intervals between injections should be less than 10 days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Use of ultrasonic folliculometry and LH determination in artificial insemination with donor semen].

The results of ultrasonic determinations of follicular growth and determinations of serum LH-levels were analysed in 34 patients who were artificially inseminated using cryopreserved donor semen (AID). 22 of them became pregnant. The ultrasonic findings had contributed to perform AID optimally, where as the determinations of LH did not surely indicate ovulation in each case. Frequency of inseminations per cycle was reduced by means of ultrasonic observations of follicle. The chance of success of artificial insemination using cryopreserved spermatozoa was decreased by delay of maturity of follicle. A peak of LH-concentration in serum was not detectable in 27 per cent of patients by one estimation daily.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Sperm metabolism, sperm vitality and cryopreservation].

Out of publications of the last two years some one concerning cryopreservation with clinical-practical relevance were reviewed: Storage at -80 degrees C caused different alterations of activity of the intracellular enzymes. The glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase is the first enzyme which leaves the cell at damage of the cellular membrane. The intracellular concentration of ATP is decreased and the AMP/ADP-rate is increased by the cryopreservation. The cryopreserving process seems to cause an activation of acrosomal proteases of spermatozoa. The damage of cells by cryopreservation is a result of the disturbance of the integrity of membrane and of the loss of ATP and Mg++. Stimulators of spermatozoal motility (caffeine, kallikrein) as a constituent of the cryopreserving medium do not increase the fertilizing capacity of the cryopreserved spermatozoa. Investigations using vitale radiolabelled spermatozoa showed a rate of 4:3 between fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa in vivo in the upper female genital tract. The penetration test with zona-free hamster oocytes does not allow a prognosis of cryotolerance of the cells. A correlation between rate of penetration and spermiogram is unsure. The cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos is practicable.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of the epididymis on male fertility].

Out of the publications of the last three years concerning the influence of the epididymis on the male fertility those with practical relevance were reviewed. Several qualities of the spermatozoa were influenced by the epididymis: the metabolism, the functions of cell membrane, the fertilizing capacity, the ability to bind to zonae pellucidae of the oocytes and the motility. The motility depends on the electrolytes, androgenes, cAMP-system and the forward motility protein in the epididymis. Furthermore investigations exist dealing with the inhibition of the maturation of spermatozoa during the epididymal transit as a mean of contraception. The conclusion is supported that male fertility demands only a weak or a reversible disturbance of the epididymis. An other possibility would be the in vitro maturation of testicular spermatozoa.

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed1983

Microbiological investigations on cryopreserved human semen.

Primary mycological contamination was studied in 565 random human ejaculates. After sperm preservation at low temperature, secondary mycological contamination of 55 of the ejaculates was investigated. 25 ejaculates were cryopreserved with and without antibiotics and examined bacteriologically before and after different phases of cryopreservation. Furthermore, semen samples of several donors were inoculated with suspensions of different concentrations of yeasts and with the test bacteria Escherichia coli K 12 and Staphylococcus aureus SG 511. Microbiological results were then compared before and after cryopreservation. The following results were obtained: 1.9.8% of samples showed primary mycological contamination (1.9% with Candida albicans). 2. Cryopreservation reduced the concentration of fungi by more than 90% on average. 3. Only one semen sample was contaminated with bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus and Streptococcus nonhaemolyticus). Non-pathogenic bacteria were found in 11 ejaculates (Micrococcus luteus in 5 samples and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 6 samples), and contamination was largely unaffected by cryopreservation, even in the presence of antibiotics. 4. Test bacteria inoculated into semen were not influenced by the addition of antibiotics to the cryoprotective medium.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Isolation of vital human sperm from seminal plasma following cryopreservation].

In the present paper the conditions of separation of cryopreserved spermatozoa from seminal plasma were varied. The optimum seems to be at 300 g and 5 to 7 min of centrifugation. The effect of separation was approximately estimated by means of determination of concentration, motility, morphology, and supravital staining of spermatozoa. The concentration of seminal plasma was reduced to less than one per cent (use of a radioactive marker). After the separation the activity of free acrosin reached 64 p.c. of the total acrosin. The process of cryopreservation and separation reduced the ouabain-sensitive netto-uptake of K+ of spermatozoa by nearly 50 p.c.

Centrifugation↗
PubMed1983

[Catamnestic evaluation of patients in a sterility consultation with reference to andrologic prognosis of fertility].

In the present article the rate of conceptions of 463 couples were catamnestically analysed concerning the andrological prognosis and gynecological causes of infertility. 49,9% of the men had a normal spermiogram, 10,2% were infertile and 39,9% of patients were subfertile. Disturbances of ovarian function represented the main cause of the female sterility (62,7%). 36,2% of the patients conceived during the gynecological and andrological treatment. The rate of pregnancies decreased dependent on reduction of male fertility. We observed 19,6% abortions and 3,1% ectopic pregnancies. The percentage of abortions and ectopic pregnancies increased in case of pathological spermiograms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Relations between sperm findings and fertility prognosis in childless couples].

In eight andrological centres more than 2,000 childless married men were examined catamnestically. Fertility was compared with the findings of the routine spermatograms. Conception rate is reduced significantly if sperm density is below 10 million, in motility of spermatozoa under 50% and in ejaculates with less than 60% normal-shaped spermatozoa. However, lower values of spermatozoa must not be compared with absolute infertility.

Humans↗