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Biomedical subjects

H Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to H Ishida.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of fura-2 and indo-1 on [Ca++]i in spontaneously beating cultured heart cells.

Changes in contractility and intracellular free Ca([Ca++]i) were measured in spontaneously beating cultured heart cells following exposure to indo-1 acetoxymethyl ester (indo-1AM) and fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (fura-2AM). Although a 10 microM concentration of indo-1AM slightly decreased the beating rate, 5 and 10 microM concentrations of fura-2AM produced arrest of contraction within 10 min. However, contractility returned to normal after washing. With indo-1, the diastolic and peak systolic levels of [Ca++]i were 282 +/- 23 and 1107 +/- 122 nM, respectively, and 84 +/- 8 and 582 +/- 93 nM, respectively, with fura-2. The difference between the indo-1 and fura-2 generated responses are statistically significant (p less than 0.01). These results demonstrate that indo-1 and fura-2 can affect [Ca++]i, but the influence of indo-1 is less than that of fura-2 in the heart cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Incidental renal cell carcinoma].

We reviewed the cases of incidental renal cell carcinoma that had been treated at the Kitasato University Hospital between July, 1971 and December, 1989. Forty one of the 170 (24.1%) cases were found without any direct signs of renal cell carcinoma. The patients were between 30 and 78 years old (mean 55.0 years) and consisted of 29 males and 12 females. Fifteen cases were detected at the general health check-up and the remaining 26 during the postoperative follow-up for other malignant tumors or other diseases. Twenty three cases were identified by ultrasonography followed by computed tomography (CT) and excretory pyelography in 4 cases each. Especially, the number of patients incidentally found by ultrasonography had increased in the recent 8 years. Urinalysis did not show any microhematuria in 31 of the 37 cases (83.7%), and no tumor mass could be detected by excretory pyelography in 3 cases. We believe that ultrasonography may be valuable as a screening modality for early detection of renal cell carcinoma and should be used as a screening method at the routine health check-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of chlorella on rats with iron deficient anemia.

In order to determine effects of iron deficiency on the living body, rats were given the iron deficient diet (Group 1, iron content, 0.32mg/100g), the complete diet added with iron (Group 5, iron content, 32.5mg/100g), the diet added with 1% chlorella (Group 2, iron content, 2.2mg/100g), the diet added with 5% chlorella (Group 3, iron content, 7.4mg/100g), or the diet added with 10% chlorella (Group 4, iron content, 13.9mg/100g). For the first 30 days, rats of all groups were given the iron deficiency diet to make them iron deficient, and were subsequently given the respective diet during the next 30 days to observe various changes in the conditions of rats. Following results were obtained. 1) When rats were reared for 30 days with the iron deficient diet, rats of these groups became anemic and their hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values lowered. Rats of Groups 3, 4 and 5 fed with the diets containing certain amounts of iron rapidly recovered, while the recovery of those of Group 2 fed with less iron content diet was delayed. Group 1 fed with the iron deficient diet showed no recovery. 2) Examination of effects of these diets on the rats body weight gains revealed that the growth of Groups 1 and 2 with iron deficiency was delayed notably (p less than 0.01) as compared with Group 5 and that of Group 3 was likewise restrained (p less than 0.05). The relative organ weights of all rats were examined. The liver weight in Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 was lower than that in Group 5, while that of the spleen in Groups 1 and 2 was higher than that in Group 5. 3) The Numbers of erythrocyte decreased in Groups 1 and 2 (p less than 0.01) and increased in Groups 3 and 4 (p less than 0.01) as compared with Group 5. There was no direct relation between the iron content in the diet and the number of leukocytes and their compositions. 4) Serum iron decreased remarkably in Groups 1 and 2 (p less than 0.01) but there were no intergroup differences in blood glucose value. 5) When osmotic fragility of erythrocyte membranes was expressed in term of NaCl concentration to indicate 50% hemolysis, Groups 1, 2 and 3 apparently increased their resistance as compared with Group 5 (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1991

[An experimental study on portal infusion of 5-fluorouracil].

We conducted these experiments to investigate the differences between continuous portal and one shot portal infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using male Donryu rats. Continuous portal infusion of 5-FU (20 mg/kg/day x 5 days) revealed no remarkable side effects on the rats with significant decrease in the number of liver metastases generated by intraportal inoculation of ascites hepatoma AH60C. Consecutive 5-day administration of 5-FU (20 mg/kg x 5) by one shot method via spleen resulted in no metastases but caused death in 75% of rats because of severe leukopenia and dehydration. The rats receiving one shot infusion of 5-FU (33.3 mg/kg x 3, day 1, 3, 5) via spleen showed a significant decrease in the number of metastases without lethal side effects. Continuous portal infusion of 5-FU would be a safe and effective therapy to prevent liver metastases, whereas one shot portal infusion of 5-FU may give rise to severe side effects while preventing liver metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Significance of radionuclide examination in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir].

Technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) perfusion scintigraphy has been performed during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir. A total of 40 radionuclide (RI) studies were performed on 25 patients with liver metastasis of colorectal origin. Of 40 RI studies, 12 (30%) showed impaired liver perfusion. Three studies showed no perfusion of the liver, 3 increased radiotracer accumulations at liver hilus, 2 extrahepatic distributions, 2 catheter occlusions, 1 extravasation and 1 unilobar distribution. The accumulation of Tc-MAA in the tumor was graded from Grade I (tumor uptake decreased or similar relative to liver) to Grade III (tumor uptake remarkably increased). The response to chemotherapy was evaluable in 14 cases. A case with Grade I resulted in NC. Of 6 cases with Grade II, 1 resulted in MR, 3 in NC and 1 in PD. Of 8 cases with Grade III, 2 resulted in PR, 1 in MR and 5 in NC. Tumor response was observed in cases showing increased uptake of Tc-MAA. SPECT was performed in 7 cases, and revealed that hepatic tumors were hypervascular. We concluded that RI examination reveals not only hepatic perfusion, but also tumor microcirculation.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

The jump as a fast mode of locomotion in arboreal and terrestrial biotopes.

The jump is always used for locomotion. For its execution in arboreal and terrestrial biotopes the requirements are of somewhat different nature. In an arboreal biotope the jump is characterized by a rapid progression through discontinuous substrates and the ability to take off from a small area and a secure landing on a spot. This requires well coordinated movements in all phases of the jump. On the ground, the jump is less frequent and often used for crossing obstacles or gaps. In primates both variants can be observed. In order to relate the details of locomotor behaviour to a certain environment, the biomechanics of jumping are analyzed in five primate species: The three mainly arboreal prosimian species Galago moholi, the smallest and most specialized leaper of all, Galago garnettii, a medium-sized bushbaby with some capacities for jumping, and Lemur catta also with some abilities to jump. The two simian species, Macaca fuscata and Homo sapiens, are usually terrestrial and have good jumping capacities, although not in terms of quantity. The investigation is based on high-speed motion analyses (100-500 frames/second) and the synchronized records of a force-plate from which all subjects had to jump off. On the basis of the results two kinds of jumping can be distinguished: standing and running jumps. The three prosimian species perform standing jumps. Dorsiflexion of their tails compensates ventrally oriented rotational moments of the trunk during body extension at take-off. The upward arm swing yields an overall increase in take-off velocity without additional muscular force exerted by the legs. The main difference among the species are the high relative forces in the small Galago moholi (up to 13 times body weight) as compared to the larger G. garnettii (8.5 times body weight) and the even larger Lemur catta (4.5 times body weight). In Homo sapiens the standing jump is characterized by an extensive arm swing backward, which is then followed by a forward and upward movement. The velocity at take-off is much smaller if compared to the prosimians. The running jump in Macaca fuscata is always preceded by at least one gallop cycle. The body assumes a ball shape at the beginning of the actual take-off. This is advantageous for rotating the body into a position in which the trunk axis is in line with the direction of movement. The tail of the Japanese macaque is too short to compensate the trunk's lift exerted on the hip region by the extending hindlimbs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of midazolam and hydroxyzine as premedicants for combination of spinal and epidural anesthesia with midazolam sedation].

Midazolam 4 mg i.m. (Group M, n = 15) was compared with hydroxyzine 50 mg i.m. (Group H, n = 13) in a randomized double-blind study, as premedicants for patients undergoing simple total hysterectomy under combination of spinal and epidural anesthesia with midazolam sedation. Reduction of anxiety and amnesic effects about procedure under regional anesthesia with sufficient patient co-operation were greater following midazolam. The doses for intraoperative sedation of midazolam and pentazocine were the same in both groups. Mean doses of midazolam 2 mg and pentazocine 6 mg were required to induce sleep. Maintenance doses of midazolam and pentazocine were 3.7 and 11.4 mg.hr-1, respectively. No patient had recall of surgical procedure. Midazolam did not delay the postoperative resedation which lasted about 2 hours. The decrease in O2 saturation by pulse oxymetry is significant in Group M (4.5%) than Group H (2.7%). Nevertheless two patients in each group required oxygen 2 liter.min-1 via a nasal catheter. These results indicate that premedication by midazolam is more effective for procedures under regional anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case of rectal carcinoma disappeared by the preoperative radiation].

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our department with a diagnosis of rectal carcinoma. Preoperative histological diagnosis was highly differentiated adenocarcinoma of Dukes' A classification (Rb', Is', 20-25 mm in diameter, PM'). Preoperative radiation (2.5 Gray/time, total 30 Gray) and chemotherapy (PSK 3g/day x 3 weeks, ACNU 30 mg/m2/week x 3 weeks) were performed on this lesion. After these therapies, form of the tumor changed to IIa', SM', which was recognized by endo-scopic examination with rectal echography. A reduction of the size was 25%. Low anterior resection, curative operation, was performed 2 weeks after the therapy. The resected rectum was examined in detail, resulting in complete disappearance of the carcinoma cell and the tumor was replaced by the inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and granular cells. These findings were compatible with grade IVB of Ohboshi-Simosatos' classification.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

A possible correlation between environmental chemicals and pigment cell neoplasia in fish.

A croaker (Nibea mitsukurii) has a high incidence of the skin melanoma, chromatophoroma, in a Pacific coastal area in Japan. A sea catfish (Plotosus anguillaris) bearing skin melanosis is also found in the same area. For elucidation of a correlation between these pigment cell neoplasms of the skin and environmental contaminants, an epidemiological survey was conducted to determine the distribution and prevalence of tumor-bearing fish. Based upon observations of a high prevalence of skin neoplasms near the discharge point for kraft pulp mills, experiments were conducted to determine the neoplastic induction efficiency of the effluent on the croaker and sea catfish species. Isolation and identification of mutagens in effluent extracts were carried out using the Ames test, followed by mass spectral analysis of mutagenic fractions. The effluent induced a chromatophoroma on one croaker of the 100 tested, and it induced pigment cell hyperplasia on 70 to 100% of the sea catfish. These skin neoplasms were grossly similar to those observed in the field. Five chloroacetones were identified from the Ames-positive fractions of the effluent, and tetrachlorocyclopentene-1,3-dione and two alpha-dicarbonyl compounds were also detected as mutagens. The above experiments indicate that the mutagenic contaminants found in kraft mill effluent may play an important role in the induction of skin neoplastic disease in fish.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Stereoselective synthesis of sialyl-lactotetraosylceramide and sialylneolactotetraosylceramide.

The first total syntheses of sialyl-lactotetraosylceramide (28, IV3NeuAcLc4Cer) and sialylneolactotetraosylceramide (32, IV3NeuAcnLc4Cer) are described. Methyl O-(methyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero- alpha-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate)-(2----3)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzo yl-1-thio- beta-D-galactopyranoside (4), the key glycosyl donor, was prepared from 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(methyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto -2- nonulopyranosylonate)-(2----3)-6-O-benzoyl-beta-D-galactopyranosid e (1), via benzoylation, replacement of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl group by acetyl, and introduction of the methylthio group with methylthiotrimethylsilane. Coupling of 2-(trimethylsilyl) ethyl 2,3,6,2',4',6'-hexa-O-benzyl-beta-D-lactoside (8), prepared from 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl beta-D-lactoside (5) via selective 3'-O-(4-methoxybenzylation), benzylation, and selective removal of the 4-methoxybenzyl group, with 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (9) gave a trisaccharide derivative 10, from which the phthaloyl and O-acetyl groups were removed. N-Acetylation then gave 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-(2,4,6-tri-O-be nzyl- beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranos ide (12). Dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate-promoted coupling of 4 with 13, prepared from 12 by 4,6-O-benzylidenation, or with 15, obtained from 13 by O-(4-methoxybenzylation) and reductive opening of the benzylidene acetal, gave the corresponding pentasaccharide derivatives 16 and 20 in good yields. Compounds 16 and 20 were converted into the corresponding alpha-trichloroacetimidates 19 and 23 which, on coupling with (2S,3R,4E)-2-azido-3-O-benzoyl-4-octadecene-1,3-diol (24), gave the beta-glycosides 25 and 29, respectively. Finally, 25 and 29 were transformed, via selective reduction of the azide group, condensation with octadecanoic acid, O-deacylation, and hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, into 28 and 32, respectively.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis of alpha-Kdo-(2----4)-Kdo disaccharide derivatives and their conjugation with a protected form of GLA-60, a biologically active analog of a lipid A subunit.

A variety of the protected O-[(3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-2-octulopyranosyl)onic acid]-(2----4)-3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid [alpha-Kdo-2(2----4)-Kdo] derivatives have been synthesized starting from methyl [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 4,5,7,8-tetra-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-2-octulopyranosid] onate. Some of these were conjugated with a protected form of a bacterial lipid A subunit-analog (GLA-60) having beneficial immunopharmacological activity, namely benzyl 2-[(3R)-3-(benzyloxy-methoxy)tetradecanamido]-2-deoxy-4-O- (diphenoxyphosphinyl)3-O-[(3R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl+ ++]-beta -D-glucopyranoside.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗