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Biomedical subjects

H Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to H Ishida.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[An experimental study on portal infusion of 5-fluorouracil (the second report)].

This study was conducted to clarify the role of continuous portal infusion with 5-fluorouracil (FU) from two different standpoints. Experiment I (Assessment of the ability to reduce hepatic metastasis): Male Donryu rats (180-210 g) receiving intraportal inoculation of ascites hepatoma AH 60 C (4 x 10(6) cells) were divided into 3 groups; portal infusion group, venous infusion group and control. 5-FU (20 mg/kg/day) was continuously infused via either the portal vein or the femoral vein with heparin (100 U/kg/day) for 5 consecutive days. The portal infusion group alone showed a significant decrease in hepatic tumor volume on day 21 and prolonged survival time. Experiment II (Evaluation of the immunological effects): Animals without inoculation of AH 60 C were also randomized in the same way as Experiment I. There were no statistical differences among the 3 groups in total leukocyte counts, lymphocyte subpopulations or NK activities in the spleen, whereas hepatic NK activity was significantly decreased in the portal infusion group. Continuous portal infusion with 5-FU is considered effective to prevent lodging of tumor cells in the intra-hepatic portal system but might be disadvantageous for hepatic cellular immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Perfusion patterns of 99mTc-MAA injected into subcutaneously implanted port--evaluation with SPECT].

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed in conjunction with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy, and Tc-MAA activity was measured quantitatively. Three patients with colorectal liver metastasis were examined. In the first patient, the ratio of radioactivity in the area of the tumor was 3 times that in the surrounding liver. In the second patient, the right hepatic artery was ligated and Tc-MAA was injected into the left hepatic artery. Radioactivity in the right lobe was as much as in the left lobe. In the third patient, the left hepatic artery was ligated and Tc-MAA was injected into the right hepatic artery. Radioactivity was higher in the left lobe than in the right lobe. Previous reports suggested that Tc-MAA distribution accurately reflects the drug distribution injected into a regional blood supply. SPECT is useful in quantitative evaluation of Tc-MAA distribution.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of nafamostat mesilate on the renin-aldosterone system].

It has been reported that continuous intravenous infusion of nafamostat mesilate (FUT) produces hyperkalemia due to reduced urinary excretion of potassium. The present study was performed to see whether renin-aldosterone effect is involved in this inhibition of potassium excretion. Ten patients were studied who had been given this drug (4 mg.hr-1) to prevent postsurgical pancreatitis or DIC. Urine potassium output decreased significantly from 44 +/- 5 microEq.min-1 prior to administration of FUT to 18 +/- 4 microEq.min-1 in 3 hours, sodium/potassium ratio increased significantly from 1.7 +/- 0.7 prior to administration of FUT to 5.4 +/- 3.3 in 5 hours; and plasma aldosterone decreased significantly from 92 +/- 24 pg.ml-1 prior to administration of FUT to 63 +/- 22 pg.ml-1 in 6 hours. The results suggest that hyposecretion of aldosterone may be one of the main causes of hypokalemia. Reduced secretion of aldosterone may be due to other factors than the suppression of renin-angiotensin system.

Benzamidines↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical study of parathyroidectomy of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure].

We performed parathyroidectomy for renal osteodystrophy due to secondary hyperparathyroidism on 16 patients with chronic renal failure who were refractory to medical management; subtotal parathyroidectomy on one patient and total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation on 15 patients. Postoperative clinical improvement, i.e., bone and/or joint pain, pruritus and radiographic signs of renal osteodystrophy, was marked. After the operation, serum calcium decreased rapidly and adequate calcium replacement therapy was necessary. The levels of intact parathyroid hormone decreased rapidly and serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase gradually decreased for a few months postoperatively. Recurrence was diagnosed in one patient, who underwent excision of the transplanted parathyroid tissue. Osteomalasia due to hypoparathyroidism was not seen clinically in this series. In preoperative image diagnosis, ultrasonotomogram (US) showed the highest detective rate of the enlarged parathyroid glands. However, combination of US, computerized tomography and 99mTcO4(-)-201T1C1 scintigram can be recommended as a localizing diagnostic method for compensating the disadvantages of each method. Clinical results after parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism are considered to be good. However, long-term followup is mandatory for early detection of persistent hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A study on a postoperative change of beta-2-microglobulin in surgical patients].

Various renal tubular functions were monitored perioperatively in 42 surgical patients and the validity of beta-2-microglobulin (BMG) was evaluated. NAG index (urine NAG titer/urine creatinine), the absolute value of free water clearance and fractional excretion of sodium were worse at 3 to 5 hours after the beginning of operation, indicating the latent renal tubular damage took place during operation. On the other hand, fractional excretion of BMG (FE-BMG; BMG clearance/creatinine clearance) slowly elevated after operation and reached a peak on the 2nd postoperative day. The postoperative change of C-reactive protein (CRP), was similar with that of FE-BMG, showing a significant correlation (r = 0.716, p less than 0.001). The close relationship between CRP and FE BMG was confirmed in 26 patients with or without abnormal liver function who underwent abdominal operation. The peak value of FE BMG was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in 5 patients with ICG 15' greater than 25% than in 21 patients with ICG 15' less than 20%. Similarly, the peak value of CRP tended to be lower in the former group. In conclusion, FE BMG can not be employed as an indicator of renal tubular function during postoperative period. It reacts as an acute phase reactant like CRP and is probably produced in the liver.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1992

[Intralobal sequestration in children--a new concept from the form of bronchial tree in sequestrated lung].

Twenty cases of the intralobal sequestration of the lung in children have been experienced. The age of the patients were from eleven days to fifteen years. Intralobal sequestration was classified into two groups, (central type and peripheral type) by the way of reconstruction of the bronchial tree in the sequestrated lung. In 8 cases of central type, the site of lesion was variable. The bronchial trees of the sequestrated lung were running toward the hilus of the normal lung but the bronchi of the affected area in the normal lung were absent. The aberrant arteries were muscular in histology, and the drainage veins were pulmonary vein. In 12 cases of peripheral type, the lesion was in segment 10 area in every cases. The bronchial trees of the sequestrated lung were running toward the pulmonary ligament where an aberrant artery came from, and B10 of the normal lung were patent. The aberrant arteries were elastic in histology, and the drainage veins were pulmonary and/or azygos vein. It is conceivable that the peripheral type is the real intralobal sequestration and the central type is the mixture of some other diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Nonradioactive labeling with chemically modified cytosine tails by the polymerase chain reaction.

We developed a modified nonradioactive method for the detection of DNA. This method makes use of the polymerase chain reaction for preparation of probes; that is, a DNA fragment inserted in the polylinker region of an M13 or pUC vector is amplified with primers that have a modified cytosine tail at the 5' terminus (C-tailed primers). By this method, large amounts of labeled probes can be obtained easily. After hybridization, modified cytosine tails can be detected immunologically. DNA labeled by this method could be used in plaque hybridization. We could detect 0.05 pg of dot-blotted labeled DNA in 30 min with an enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescence reaction.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Regio- and stereo-selective synthesis of ganglioside GM1b and some positional analogs.

Total syntheses of ganglioside GM1b (IV3NeuAcGgOse4Cer) and three of its positional analogs are described. Methyl O-(methyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D- glycero-alpha-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate)- (2----3)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (7) and methyl O-(methyl 5- acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto-2 -nonulopyranosylonate)-(2----6)-2,4-di-O-benzoyl-3-O-benzyl-1-thio - beta-D-galactopyranoside (8) were the key glycosyl donors, prepared according to our reported methods. Coupling of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide and 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside gave a trisaccharide, which after removal of O-acetyl and phthaloyl groups was converted separately, by benzylidenation and dibutyltin oxide-mediated selective benzylation, into two glycosyl acceptors. These were suitable respectively for C-3 and C-6 glycosylation reactions, promoted by dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate (DMTST), with the donors 7 and 8. The four possible coupling reactions gave the corresponding four pentasaccharide derivatives in high yields, and these were transformed into their respective alpha-trichloroacetimidates. Glycosylation of (2S,3R,4E)-2-azido-3-O-benzoyl-4-octadecene-1,3-diol with the alpha-trichloroacetimidates gave the corresponding beta-glycosides, which on channeling through selective reduction of the azido group, coupling of the thus formed amino group with octadecanoic acid, O-deacetylation, and saponification of the methyl ester group, gave the title compounds.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Synthesis of cerebroside, lactosyl ceramide, and ganglioside GM3 analogs containing beta-thioglycosidically linked ceramide.

Coupling of the sodium salt of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose, -beta-D-galactopyranose, O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3,6-tri-O- acetyl- 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose, or O-(methyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto -2- nonulopyranosylonate)-(2----3)-O-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-bezoyl -beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-(1----4)-3-O-acetyl-2,6-di-O-benzoyl-1-thio-beta-D- glucopyranose, which were prepared from the corresponding 1-S-acetates, 1, 3, 6, and 9, with (2S,3R,4E)-2-azido-3-O-benzoyl-1-O-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-4-oc tadecene-1,3-diol (12) derived by tosylation of 11, gave the corresponding beta-thioglycosides 13, 17, 21, and 25, respectively in good yield. The beta-thioglycosides obtained were converted, via selective reduction of the azide group, condensation with octadecanoic acid, and removal of the protecting groups, into the title compounds.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Chemical synthesis and biological activities of 6,6'-di-O-mycoloyl-beta,beta- and -alpha,beta-trehalose.

6,6'Di-O-mycoloyl-beta,beta-trehalose (beta,beta-TDM) and 6,6'-di-O-mycoloyl-alpha,beta-trehalose (alpha,beta-TDM) were synthesized and their toxicity and ability to activate peritoneal macrophages in situ were examined in mice, in comparison with 6,6'-di-O-mycoloyl-alpha,alpha-trehalose (TDM). Both beta,beta-TDM and alpha,beta-TDM caused a decrease in body weight two days after injection, however the weights reverted to a normal level. No deaths were caused by either analog. On the other hand, TDM showed potent toxicity, causing decrease in body weight and death of all animals injected. Beta,beta-TDM and alpha,beta-TDM were effective in the in situ activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hemodynamics in the prone jackknife position during surgery.

We examined the hemodynamic changes occurring with prone jackknife positioning during colorectal surgery. The operative procedure was restorative proctocolectomy with ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis in five patients with adenomatosis coli and six patients with ulcerative colitis and anoabdominal resection of the rectum with colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis in eight patients with rectal cancer. Nineteen patients (10 men and 9 women aged 41 +/- 19 years) were monitored with arterial and Swan-Ganz catheters during positioning. Measurements were obtained in the supine and prone positions (1 minute, 3 minutes), and the jackknife position (1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes), as well as before and after adoption of the Lloyd-Davies position (1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes). Turning the patient from the supine position to the prone position resulted in a significant decrease in the cardiac index (CI). However, following head-down rotation, the CI increased and returned to the value seen in the supine position (p less than 0.05). Heart rate (HR) slowed and mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased in the prone jackknife position. We concluded that the extent of the changes in cardiac function presented no serious problems.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of murine interleukin 4 (IL-4) receptor expression using anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies and S1 nuclease protection analyses.

Anti-receptor antibodies have previously been used in two cytokine systems (IL-1 and TNF alpha) to identify the existence of different cytokine receptors on different cell types. In this study, we have similarly used two approaches to evaluate whether IL-4 receptors on different cell types are identical, or whether more than one species of IL-4 receptor exists. The first approach involved production of monoclonal antibodies specific for the IL-4 receptor expressed by the murine mast cell line, MC/9. Six anti-IL-4 receptor monoclonal antibodies were produced against the purified soluble extracellular domain of the recombinant IL-4 receptor derived from MC/9 cells. These antibodies were capable of binding to and specifically immunoprecipitating the soluble extracellular domain of the recombinant mast cell IL-4 receptor. Following biotinylation of the antibodies and addition of phycoerythrin-streptavidin, their binding to cell associated IL-4 receptors on MC/9 mast cells could be readily visualized by immunofluorescence. Using this approach, the anti-mast cell IL-4R antibodies were found to specifically bind IL-4 receptors expressed on a variety of other murine cell types, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and L cells. The antibodies did not bind to two human cell lines known to bind human but not murine IL-4. The intensity of staining was directly related to the number of IL-4 binding sites identified previously by receptor-ligand equilibrium binding analyses. As a second approach to evaluating potential receptor heterogeneity, we constructed S1 nuclease protection assay probes for two separate regions of the mast cell IL-4 receptor, one located in the extracellular domain and one in the intracellular domain. Subsequent S1 analyses showed that both regions are expressed by the following types of cells: T cells, B cells, macrophages, myeloid cells, L cells, and stromal cells. The two approaches used in this study therefore indicate that the same or highly similar IL-4 receptor species is expressed by a wide variety of hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells. Since the anti-IL-4 receptor antibodies produced in this study did not block binding of IL-4 to its receptor, we cannot exclude the possible existence of a second type of IL-4R coexpressed on the cells tested in this study, or expressed uniquely by other cell types that were not investigated.

Animals↗