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Biomedical subjects

H Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to H Inoue.

At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of electrical stimulation of the genioglossus on upper airway resistance in anesthetized dogs.

We examined the relationship between the frequency of stimulation of the genioglossus and upper airway resistance in six anesthetized dogs in the supine position. The upper airway was isolated from the lower airway by transecting the cervical trachea, and the pressure flow relationship of the upper airway was obtained by applying constant negative pressure (5, 10, and 20 cm H2O) to the proximal cut end of the trachea. Electrical stimulation of the genioglossus was performed at a constant voltage (10 to 20 V) and at various frequencies (as high as 100 Hz). Upper airway resistance (Rua) during both inspiration and expiration increased with an increase in tracheal negative pressure, and at each tracheal negative pressure Rua was significantly reduced by stimulation of the genioglossus. The effects of genioglossal muscle stimulation were nonlinearly dependent on the stimulating frequency. Below 50 Hz, Rua decreased markedly as the stimulating frequency was increased, but above 50 Hz, Rua plateaued at a minimum value. These findings suggest that at a stimulating frequency of more than 50 Hz, upper airway patency is stably maintained in anesthetized dogs.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1989

Increase in luminal mast cell and epithelial damage may account for increased airway responsiveness after viral infection in dogs.

To elucidate the mechanisms of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by viral infection, we examined histologically and analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using dogs infected with influenza C and noninfected control dogs. Airway responsiveness was assessed as inhaled acetylcholine concentration required to increase pulmonary resistance by 5 cm H2O/L/s (ACh PC). Airway responsiveness was determined before and 2 wk after virus or vehicle inoculation in infected and control dogs, and BAL and histologic studies were performed after the final challenge. Differential cell numbers and histamine concentration were determined in the BAL fluids of both groups. The ACh PC of control dogs did not change with the vehicle inoculation. However, that of infected dogs decreased two to five times as much as their initial value with viral infection. Histologic studies revealed diffuse epithelial damage in the central airways of infected dogs, but infiltrated cell counts within the airway tissue of both groups were not significantly different. From BAL analysis, mast cell number and the histamine concentration of infected dogs increased significantly compared with those of control dogs (3.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(5) versus 0.9 +/- 0.3 x 10(5) cells/ml and 7.3 +/- 1.7 versus 1.9 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, respectively). Luminal mast cell number and epithelial damage score in each dog was correlated with the increase in airway responsiveness. These findings indicate that airway inflammation in virus-induced hyperreactive dogs is characterized by epithelial damage and luminal increase in mast cells and related mediators, and these changes may be related to the appearance of virus-induced airway hyperreactivity.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

Functional and geometrical interference and interdependency between the right and left ventricle in cor pulmonale: an experimental study on simultaneous measurement of biventricular geometry of acute right ventricular pressure overload.

To clarify the effects of right ventricular (RV) pressure overload on functional and geometrical interference and interdependency between the right and left ventricle, both ventricular internal diameters were measured by the microcrystal technique during lycopodium induced pulmonary embolization in the dog. By repeated embolization, RV systolic pressure was increased progressively until it reached a peak value of about 60-70 mmHg, then it began to fall. At the same time, the hemodynamics deteriorated progressively resulting in death. During the experiment, gradual leftward displacement of the interventricular septum (IVS) without any change in left ventricular (LV) free wall geometry was observed. In pulmonary embolic shock, which showed a fall in LV pressure to about 60 mmHg and cardiac output to about 40% of control, the leftward displacement of IVS became marked, and the cooperative movement of IVS to LV contraction disappeared. The IVS position during acute RV pressure overload was able to account for the transseptal pressure gradient. The importance of IVS position and motion in cardiac function during acute RV pressure overload was stressed. Furthermore, to establish the theoretical treatment in acute cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ligation of the descending aorta (AoL) or norepinephrine ("N") or isoproterenol ("I") administration were examined in a canine pulmonary embolic shock model. AoL or "N" improved the deteriorated hemodynamics with restoration of biventricular geometry. However, "I" did not restore the biventricular geometry despite the transiently improved hemodynamics, and the experimental animals were unable to survive. These results suggest the importance of the maintainance of systemic pressure for the restoration of failed RV function. Further integrated studies are required to understand biventricular interference and interdependency.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in amine contents and regulating enzyme activity of gastric mucosa during the healing process of acetic acid induced ulcer in rats].

Changes in the contents of various amines and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity in the gastric mucosa during the healing process of acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in rats were sequentially examined in the ulcer region and intact region at 2, 10, 40, 80, 180 and 365 days after the operation. The following results were obtained: 1) Histamine (HA) content in the ulcer region was decreased as compared with the intact region at 2 and 10 days and returned to the control level in 40 days. After 180 days, the contents in the ulcer region and intact region were also increased as compared with that of the normal control region. 2) Changes in serotonin (5-HT) content as well as HA content were observed. 3) Norepinephrine content in the ulcer region was decreased as compared with the intact region at 2, 10, 80 and 180 days. 4) HDC activity in the ulcer region was decreased as compared with the intact region at 2, 10 and 40 days, and a lower level was maintained still at 180 days. 5) In the relapse and recurrence of gastric ulcer at 365 days, HA and 5-HT contents in the intact region and ulcer region were not different from those in healing rats, but the contents of these amines were higher at 180 days. The results suggest that the change of HA, 5-HT contents and HDC activity in the gastric mucosa may be one of the factors involved in the relapse and recurrence of chronic ulcers.

Acetates↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative effects of traditional Chinese medicines (dai-saiko-to, hatimi-zio-gan and byakko-ka-ninzin-to) on experimental diabetes and hyperlipidemia].

In order to clarify the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic actions of traditional Chinese medicines, experiments were carried out with experimentally diabetic rats induced by cyproheptadine treatment. The following results were obtained: 1) Dai-saiko-to decreased the blood glucose level at 30, 60 and 120 min after glucose loading in the tolerance test; and the drug tended to increase serum insulin level and increased the ratio (glucose/insulin) at 120 min after the glucose loading. A significant decrease in serum total cholesterol was observed in the high fat diet-treated rats. 2) Hatimi-zio-gan also decreased the blood glucose level at 30 and 120 min after glucose loading. The drug did not lower the serum insulin, but rather increased the glucagon level at 120 min after the loading. The serum lipid level was not reduced by the drug. 3) Byakko-ka-ninzin-to also increased serum glucagon at 120 min, but no change of glucose and lipid in the sera under the above experimental conditions was observed. Such experimental results suggest that Dai-saiko-to might exert an effect that can improve the pathological conditions of diabetes mellitus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of opioid peptides administered in conscious rats on the changes in blood adrenaline levels caused by immobilization stress.

Effects of several opioid peptides administered in the lateral cerebroventricle on the changes in blood adrenaline (AD) levels were examined at 10, 20 and 30 min after the start of immobilization in conscious rats. beta-Endorphin, (D-Ala2)-Met-enkephalinamide, morphiceptin and (D-Ala2, D-Leu5)-enkephalinamide produced significantly lower elevations of AD than the control, and the effect was enhanced by naloxone. The effect of dynorphin, however, was almost the same as that of the control.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

New assessment of airway responsiveness. Effect of pretreatment with procaterol on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction.

We examined airway responsiveness to allergen inhalation using a novel technique by which dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and pulmonary resistance (Rl) are simultaneously calculated by Fourier-series analysis of flow and transpulmonary pressure during tidal breathing. C0 and C0.5 (Cdyn at the frequency of zero and 0.5 Hz, respectively) were computed using the regression line of Cdyn versus frequency measured at the fundamental and first three harmonics in each breathing cycle. First, the validity of this system was tested by comparing Rl, C0 and C0.5 during five consecutive breaths with those obtained by the conventional method. A good correlation was seen in Rl, C0 and C0.5 between the two methods. Second, we studied airway response to allergen inhalation before and after oral administration of a long-acting beta 2-stimulant (procaterol, 50 micrograms or 100 micrograms) or placebo in a double-blind crossover trial in six atopic asthmatic subjects. In control allergen inhalation tests by administration of placebo, Rl increased progressively, and C0.5, expressed as percentage of control compliance at zero frequency (C0.5/COcont), decreased progressively. After 100 micrograms procaterol, Rl response to allergen was almost completely inhibited. However, a decrease in C0.5/C0cont was still observed. These findings suggest that pretreatment of asthmatic patients with procaterol can release allergen-induced bronchoconstriction of the central airways, but cannot release that of the peripheral airways.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Inhibitory actions of procaterol, a beta-2 stimulant, on substance P-induced cough in normal subjects during upper respiratory tract infection.

We studied substance P (SP)-induced cough in normal subjects without and with colds, and the effects of orally administered procaterol on SP-induced cough in normal subjects with colds. SP aerosols caused cough at a concentration of approximately 10(-15) M in subjects with colds whereas it did not cause cough at a concentration of up to 10(-5) M in subjects without colds. Procaterol (50 micrograms) completely inhibited SP-induced cough in normal subjects with colds. These results suggest that cough response to SP remarkably increases during colds and that beta-2 stimulant may be a useful tool for treatment of cough during colds in normal subjects.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1989

Respiratory muscle strength and gas exchange in neuromuscular diseases: comparison with chronic pulmonary emphysema and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

To examine whether or not the respiratory muscle weakness is correlated with decrease in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), respiratory muscle and pulmonary functions in 14 patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMD) were studied and compared with those of 12 patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema (CPE) and 15 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by maximal static inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure at three lung volumes (RV, FRC and TLC). Although mean pulmonary functions in NMD showed virtually normal function, respiratory muscle strength was significantly less than the corresponding values in CPE and IPF. In NMD, maximal inspiratory mouth pressure at RV level (PImax) correlated positively with %TLC and %VC (r = 0.652 and r = 0.536, respectively). Moreover, PImax was significantly correlated with PaO2 (r = 0.561), but not with PaCO2. Maximal expiratory mouth pressure at TLC (PEmax) correlated positively with %TLC and %VC. In CPE and IPF, respiratory muscle strength had no correlation with PaO2 and PaCO2. These findings suggest that inspiratory muscle dysfunction in NMD may be one of the factors responsible for determination of the level of hypoxemia and lung volume.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Unique features of monoclonal IgG2b in the cleavage reaction with pepsin.

Preparations of IgG2b purified from several mouse hybridoma clones were highly susceptible, compared to other subclasses, to peptic digestion under conditions usually used to prepare F (ab')2 fragments. Analyses of the digestion products revealed that no F (ab')2 was produced and that the main product was a Fab-like fragment. Demonstration of the hinge disulfides in the Fc portion clearly indicated that in IgG2b the primary peptic cleavage occurs on the NH2-terminal side of the inter-heavy chain disulfide bridge. The resulting Fab failed to bind with antigen, suggesting the importance of the CH1-hinge region in maintaining the native conformation of the antigen-binding site.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of Mg, Mn, and Co ions affecting the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated membrane response in the guinea-pig taenia caeci.

Electrical activity was recorded intracellularly from the muscle cell of guinea-pig taenia caeci in Locke solution. Membrane potential was -46.4 mV, and spike potentials were discharged spontaneously. Isoprenaline (3 microM) hyperpolarized the membrane and suppressed the spike discharge. The hyperpolarization by isoprenaline was increased at low K (2 mM), while decreased at high K (11.8, 29.5, 59 mM). The hyperpolarization by isoprenaline was potentiated in the presence of external Mg ions, depending on the concentration of Mg (0-9.6 mM). Forskolin (3 microM) and papaverine (30 microM) hyperpolarized the membrane; the effects were augmented by 1.2 mM Mg. The hyperpolarization in response to 3 microM isoprenaline or 100 microM papaverine was inhibited by Mn, Co, and low Ca (1 mM) whereas it was not affected by high Ca (7.5 mM). Verapamil (0.5, 2 microM) had no influence of the hyperpolarization caused by isoprenaline. It was discussed that extracellular and/or intracellular Mg and Ca ions played important roles in the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated action on the smooth muscle membrane of taenia caeci.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Mandibular position sense during open-close movement].

The purpose of this study was to investigate mandibular position sense with four different jaw openings (5, 10, 15 and 20 mm from intercuspal position) during open-close movements. Eight subjects memorized the reference positions with monitoring their spatial vertical jaw positions using a Mandibular Kinesiograph (M.K.G., K-5). Immediately after memorizing one of those positions, they were required twenty times open-close movements; that is, approaching the memorized position from superior (opening approach) or from inferior position (closing approach) and receding were repeated. Vertical distances from intercuspal position at lower incisal teeth were recorded by MKG and statistically analyzed. 1. In the closing approach, perceived mandibular positions were become lower, but in the opening approach, significantly higher than reference positions (5 mm : p less than 0.00001, 10 mm : p less than 0.05, 15 mm : p less than 0.025, 20 mm : p less than 0.005). 2. In the closing approach, the inclination of regression lines shows significantly the estimated decrement to come near closed position throughout twenty experimental sequences (5 mm : p less than 0.001, 15 mm : p less than 0.025). 3. On 5 mm reference position, variance of data was significantly lower than the others. On 10 mm with opening approach, it was the highest of all. 4. It was suggested that mandibular position sense was affected by mandibular spatial vertical position and direction of approaching during jaw movements, and that neuronal mechanism of controlling mandibular positions and movements were more excellent near tooth contact.

Dental Occlusion, Centric↗
PubMed1989

[Cytokine production in inflamed human gingival tissues--interleukin-6].

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in the final differentiation of B cells into antibody-producing cells. Recent studies reveal that IL-6 plays an important role in inflammation. Histopathological studies showed that a large number of plasma cells in periodontitis is usually seen in the apical parts of cellular infiltrates beneath the periodontal connective tissues. This evidence suggests that IL-6 may play a critical role in the development of periodontitis. Therefore, we examined IL-6 production in the gingival tissues. Twelve periodontitis patients and five gingivitis patients were included in this study. Nine individuals with healthy periodontium acted as control subjects. Biopsy specimens were dissected into fragments 3 mm in diameter and plated onto 24-well culture plates with RPMI 1640 medium. IL-6 activity in the culture supernatants was measured by IgM production assay using the cell line SKW6-CL4. IL-6 activity was detected at significantly higher levels (P less than 0.001) in culture supernatants from the gingival tissues in periodontitis (23.2 +/- 14.4 units/ml) and gingivititis (12.5 +/- 3.4 units/ml) than in control tissues (2.3 +/- 1.2 units/ml). Subsequently, the relationship between IL-6 activity and clinical stages was examined. The IL-6 levels before initial preparation (23.2 +/- 14.4 units/ml) were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than those after initial preparation (1.4 +/- 1.8 units/ml), but were not associated with either periodontal pocket depth or the extent of alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1989

[Study of cytokine production in inflamed human gingival tissues in periodontitis. Interleukin-1 (IL-1 alpha, beta) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha)].

It seems to be generally agreed that periodontal disease is a local manifestation of a systemic immune response. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), which has multiple biologic activities, is detected in the gingival sulcus fluid of periodontitis sites. Recent investigations have revealed that IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are analogous to osteoclast activating factor and promote bone resorption. These findings have suggested the possibility that IL-1 and TNF may play a significant role in the initiation and development of periodontal disease. However, it remains to be determined whether these cytokines influence periodontal tissue breakdown in periodontitis. To elucidate the mechanisms of tissue breakdown in periodontitis, we examined cytokine production by human periodontitis gingival tissue. Twelve periodontitis patients were included in this study. Control subjects with healthy periodontium consisted of nine individuals. Gingival samples were biopsied from inflamed or healthy gingival tissues. Biopsy specimens were dissected into fragments 3 mm in diameter and plated onto 24 well culture plates with RPMI 1640 medium. IL-1 activity was measured by a growth inhibition assay using melanoma cell line A 375. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) was used for measuring levels of human IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta. TNF alpha activity was measured by a growth inhibition assay using cell line LM2D6. IL-1 activity was detected in significantly (p less than 0.001) higher levels in culture supernatants from gingival tissues in periodontitis (48.0 +/- 23.3 units/ml) than in control tissues (2.3 +/- 0.6 units/ml), however, levels of IL-1 activity were not associated with periodontal pocket depth or extent of alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1989

[Induction by mycoplasmas of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from macrophages].

Several species of mycoplasmas including M. pneumoniae, the causative agent of human respiratory infection, were investigated for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induction. The cytotoxic activity to Meth A cells of peritoneal macrophages purified from BALB/c mice was enhanced markedly when cultured with either viable or nonviable mycoplasmas. The supernatant of macrophage culture mixed with mycoplasmas, M. pneumoniae or A. laidlawii, showed a potent cytotoxic activity to TNF-alpha-sensitive but not to TNA-alpha-insensitive L cells. Addition of anti-TNA-alpha antiserum inhibited completely the cytotoxic activity of the supernatant, indicating that the cytotoxic activity is due mostly to TNF-alpha. These results strongly suggest that mycoplasmas possess an activity to induce TNF-alpha, which enhances the cytotoxic activity of macrophages and prevent infection with mycoplasmas in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The velocity storage mechanism in human optokinetic nystagmus].

The velocity storage mechanism was studied in 12 normal human subjects. For optokinetic stimulation, we principally used step stimuli of 80 deg/sec generated by an Ohm type optokinetic stimulation drum. The charge characteristics of the velocity storage mechanism in the human optokinetic nystagmus were closely approximated by the first-degree delay formula having an average time constant of 26.1 sec. This value was much longer than that reported in other animals. The OKN slow phase eye velocity reached nearly 100% of the stimulus velocity immediately after the onset of stimuli. Then, the velocity gradually decreased during first 30 seconds to approximately 70% of the stimulus velocity, and it increased again to velocity the initial during the next 50-60 seconds of the continuous stimuli. These findings, indicating the characteristics specific in the human OKN may be related to the long time constant in the charge characteristics in human OKN as compared to other animals.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Chemotherapy with Cisplatin-Phosphatidyl-choline-Lipiodol (CPL) suspension in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma].

Twenty-seven patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated with Cisplatin-Phosphatidyl-choline-Lipiodol (CPL) suspension. PR was obtained in two of ten cases (20%) by one shot therapy. AFP decreased in 9 of 10 patients by one shot therapy with a 62.1% rate of decrease. In all of 13 patients by TAE, AFP decreased and the rate of decrease was 64.8%. The concentration of CDDP in the peripheral venous blood was lower and continued longer than that of CDDP on the market. Nausea, vomiting and fever were noted in most cases as adverse effects, but they were slight. These results suggest that CPL agents were very chemotherapeutic for unresectable HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗