[Clinical significance of whole body tomography].
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Bone and Bones↗
Biomedical subjects
H Imhof
Publications and source records attributed to H Imhof.
[Assessment of the tracheal cross-section by computerised tomography (author's transl)].
Tracheal cross-sections can be measured by means of computerised tomography with hitherto unparalleled accuracy. Among the patients examined by the authors (43) women following tracheopexy because of tracheomalacia), computerised tomography yielded approximately 3 times as many pathological findings as was possible by conventional x-ray diagnosis. Over and above this, it is always possible to calculate the flow resistance, a fact which can be of great importance for therapy planning and control. Hence, in all cases where accurate visualisation of the tracheal cross-section is necessary, computerised tomography appears to be the method of choice at the present time.
Adult↗
[CT in relapsing rectal carcinomas (author's transl)].
In 12-15% of rectal carcinomas a relapse appears during the first two years. Until now, early radiological diagnosis by means of conventional methods was extremely difficult and subject to high and negative error rates. Computerized tomography--in comparison to conventional radiological methods--allows early recognition of these tumour relapses and finds excellent use for purposes of radiological post-operative management.
Adult↗
[Computer tomography of injuries of the dorsal pelvic region].
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Fractures, Bone↗
[Accuracy of computed tomography in urological tumour diagnosis (author's transl)].
The value of CT in comparison with other partly invasive diagnostic measures was assessed in 127 urological patients with the diagnosis "expansive process of the kidney" or "tumour" (bladder, prostate and testicles). The significance, the margin of error and correspondence with surgical and medical findings are described. Computed tomography represents a valuable supplement to tumour diagnosis in urology. It is accurate, offers basic information for radiation planning and polychemotherapy, is useful in control check-ups of patients with tumours of the kidney or testicles and should be employed in spite of the relatively high expense if a tumour is suspected.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
[Clinical and diagnostic value of computed tomography in retroperitoneal space-occupying extrarenal and extrapancreatic lesions (author's transl)].
In order to determine the diagnostic accuracy and clinical value of CT in the detection of retroperitoneal tumours and tumour-like conditions an evaluation was conducted of 397 CT examinations in 287 patients. Staging, monitoring of therapy and detection of relapse of the disease are the main indications for CT examination. CT should be used in the first place in the course of diagnostic staging procedures of patients with malignant tumours and tumour recurrence. This is justified by an overall diagnostic accuracy of 90% and the ability of CT to show up the exact localization and extent of tumours and the different patterns of lymph node involvement.
Adolescent↗
[Computerised tomography as a means to classify bladder tumours according to stages (author's transl)].
On the basis of examinations carried out in 27 patients (26 histologically verified carcinomas of the bladder), it is shown that computerised tomography considerably improved the preoperative classification, into stages, of the bladder tumours coming up for surgery. Endovesical growth cannot be differentiated with certainty. Perivesical expansion of tumours and the identification of lymphatic node metastasis can be covered significantly better by computerised tomography than by other methods.
Aged↗
Localization of parathyroid tumors by computed tomography.
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Adenoma↗
[Radiological diagnosis of visceral manifestations in Hippel-Lindau syndrome (author's transl)].
The efficiency of radiological methods in the diagnosis of visceral manifestations of Hippel-Lindau Syndrome is discussed by means of a case report as well as by the results from studies of other authors. The importance of detecting small renal malignancies (often occurring bilaterally and multifocally in this disease) is stressed since benign (cystic, adenomatous, angiomatous) lesions of visceral organs are of minor clinical relevance. Pheochromocytomas, found in about 20% of cases, are primarily diagnosed clinically. The diagnostic goal of precise quantification of neoplastic renal tumors and of unequivocal differentiation between cystic and solid lesions appears to be achieved by the combination of computertomographic and pharmaco-angiographic techniques. A prerequisite for the alternative use of ultrasound is optimal imaging of all parts of renal parenchyma.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
[The value of angiography, computerized tomography and sonography in the diagnosis of chronic renal failure (author's transl)].
Concerning information with regard position, size and contour, there are no significant differences in sonography, computertomography and angiography. Sonography and CT have the advantage in demonstrating changes of the pyelon whereas angiography is the only method, which permits analysis of the vascular branches. Sonography should be used as primary investigation to detect morphological changes in chronic renal failure. CT seems important if, due to technical problems, sonography is not possible. Angiography is restricted to problems concerning the vascular tree.
Angiography↗
[The value of computerized tomography in kidney disease diagnosis].
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Adolescent↗
[Computer tomography: physico-technical basis, indications and clinical application (author's transl)].
The increasing use of whole body computerized tomography in daily radiological routine work has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. The clinical importance of computerized tomography (CT) is discussed on the basis of the first 1000 examined patients. While CT of the head is an already well-established method which surpasses all other diagnostic means as regards reliability and accuracy in the detection of space-occupying lesions, this cannot be stated for other parts of body. But CT already holds a leading position in the diagnostic work up of patients with space-occupying lesions both in the retroperitoneum including pancreas, kidneys and pelvic organs, and in the proof of nodular peripheral lung metastasis and tumours of the mediastinum. Surprisingly, CT shows osteoblastic and osteolytic bone metastasis earlier than any other method, including bone scintigraphy with radio-isotopes. These first results are very encouraging, although any statement about the importance of CT in clinical routine work and comparison with other methods, holds only for a short period of time. Changes in technology, improvement in diagnostic facilities permit no statement for good.
Austria↗
[Contribution to x-ray diagnostics of tumors of the cerebellopontine angle (author's transl)].
A scrutiny of the palette of possibilities in the radiological examination for the discovery and identification of neurinomas of the auditory nerve, shows that, apart from plain roentgenography, which continues to occupy the first rank after clinical examination, computer tomography represents the most important contribution towards identifying tumors of the cerebellopontine angle. For the identification of neurinomas (of the Brunner type) of the medial type this method of examination is the method of choice. We are not so confident with regard to the small lateral neurinomas which are situated within the auditory meatus. We consider that the discovery of these extremely small lateral neurinomas of the auditory nerve remains extremely difficult and is mainly left to positive cisternography. Probably, the discovery of these neurinomas remains one of the happy chances of early radiological diagnosis. Nevertheless, the knowledge acquired during the past few years must be considered an essential step forward in radiodiagnostics, and hence represents a great aid in the curative treatment of the patient.
Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
[CT-evaluation in patients with testicular tumors (author's transl)].
Fifty CT examinations of 31 patients with testicular tumours were evaluated. In 13 patients, the CT findings were compared with results of histological-surgical or autoptic findings. Comparative evaluation of CT, lymphography and other methods of diagnosis is demonstrated. The high incidence (80 %) of correct CT results is emphasised, in staging patients and in the work up of patients with long treatment time and history of tumor recurrence. The advantages of CT are: 1) possibility of exact localisation and determination of tumor-size, as well as discovery and assessment of their patho-anatomic relations to the adjacent organs, 2) utilisation of these data in the planning of radiotherapy, 3) the possibility to document exactly any treatment sucess (reduction of tumor size). In more than 30 % of the patients, CT scanning revealed, despite radiological preliminary examinations, clinically and radiologically unexpected pathologic findings, such as osseous metastases (17%), non functioning kidneys, metastases in the liver and pleura.
Adult↗
[The radiological differential diagnosis of small bowel disease (author's transl)].
The flow diagram of Goldberg and Sheft for the differential diagnosis of diseases of the small bowel was modified (using as its basis mucosal swelling, width of lumen, secretion). Its accuracy was then tested retrospectively in 61 patients. Examination of the small bowel was performed after the administration of a single large dose of contrast medium. A surprisingly high accuracy of 90% was found in 41 pathologically proven cases; all normal patients were correctly identified. The method therefore appears to be extremely promising. More detailed identification is not always possible because of similar reaction of the small bowel to various influences; it may be possible on some occasions, or when taking account of further radiological signs, or of the clinical and laboratory findings.
Contrast Media↗
Application of radiographic magnification technique with an ultra-high-speed rare-earth screen/film system to oral cholecystography.
2X magnification employing a 200-mu focal spot and an Alpha 8-XM screen/film system was applied to oral cholecystography and the results compared with those for the conventional contact technique with the Par-RP system. The basic imaging properties of the system, as well as phantom studies, indicated that the image quality obtained with magnification is comparable to or better than that for the conventional technique. In clinical studies on the detection of gallstones, the conventional technique revealed 5 true-positive and 17 true-negative cases and 1 false-positive and 2 false-negative cases, while the magnification technique provided 7 true-positive and 18 true-negative cases but no false cases. With the magnification technique the skin dose was reduced to approximately half that for the conventional contact technique.
Cholecystography↗
[Differential diagnosis of liver disease by means of sonography: correlation with scintigraphy and angiography (author's transl)].
The value of sonography of the liver is assessed and compared with angiography and scintigraphy on the basis of case material from 102 patients, representing localized and diffuse liver processes. The diagnostic accuracy depends on the characteristic acoustic impedance differences in the examined tissue. Diffuse liver disease and processes without clearly defined acoustic borderlines may cause diagnostic difficulties and differentiation can only be attempted by additional clinical information. Defined tumours represent the main field of application. The combined use of ultrasound, scintigraphy and angiography permits a correct diagnosis to be made in nearly 90% of cases. Differential diagnosis between cystic and solid processes is possible only by ultrasound.
Angiography↗
Pancreatic calcifications in malignant islet cell tumors.
Of 623 cases of malignant pancreatic tumor seen at University of Chicago hospitals over the last 30 years, 23 cases of malignant islet cell tumor were found (8 additional cases were found in the literature). Calcification, found in 2 of these cases, was characteristically discrete and nodular (calcifications found in chronic pancreatitis are typically diffuse, multiple, and punctuate). At least 7 of the 10 cases of islet cell tumor with calcification were malignant. Slow growth of the tumor, with calcified metastases, strongly suggests the diagnosis of malignancy; this combination of findings has been established in 3 cases. In 73 cases of benign islet cell tumor, no calcifications were found.
Adenoma, Islet Cell↗