Biomedical subjects

H Ide

Publications and source records attributed to H Ide.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Alpha-deoxyadenosine, a major anoxic radiolysis product of adenine in DNA, is a substrate for Escherichia coli endonuclease IV.

Oligonucleotides containing a unique alpha-deoxyadenosine or tetrahydrofuran (a model abasic site) were synthesized using phosphoramidite chemistry. Repair enzymes from Escherichia coli, including endonucleases III, IV, and VIII, exonuclease III, formamidopyrimidine N-glycosylase, and deoxyinosine 3'-endonuclease, as well as UV dimer N-glycosylases from T4 (den V) and Micrococcus luteus, were examined for their ability to recognize alpha-deoxyadenosine and tetrahydrofuran. In agreement with prior studies, a tetrahydrofuran-containing oligonucleotide was a substrate for endonuclease IV and exonuclease III, but not for the other repair enzymes. However, an oligonucleotide containing alpha-deoxyadenine was a substrate only for endonuclease IV. Competitive inhibition studies with both substrates confirmed that the activity recognizing alpha-deoxyadenine was endonuclease IV and not a possible contaminant in the endonuclease IV preparation. Using E. coli extracts, the activity that recognized alpha-deoxyadenine was dependent on nfo, the structural gene of endonuclease IV, further substantiating that endonuclease IV is the enzyme that recognized alpha-deoxyadenine. Kinetic measurements indicated that alpha-deoxyadenosine was as good a substrate for endonuclease IV as tetrahydrofuran; the Km and Vmax values for both substrates were similar. Using substrates that were labeled at either the 3'- or 5'-terminus, endonuclease IV was shown to hydrolyze the phosphodiester bond 5' to either alpha-deoxyadenosine or tetrahydrofuran, leaving the lesion, alpha-deoxyadenosine or tetrahydrofuran, on the 5'-terminus of the nicked site. The ability of endonuclease IV to recognize alpha-deoxyadenosine suggests that endonuclease IV is able to recognize a new class of DNA base lesions that is not recognized by other DNA N-glycosylases and AP endonucleases.

Adenine↗

PubMed1994

Replication of DNA templates containing the alpha-anomer of deoxyadenosine, a major adenine lesion produced by hydroxyl radicals.

The alpha-anomer of deoxyadenosine (alpha-dA) is a major adenine lesion produced by hydroxyl radicals in DNA. To assess its biochemical effects on DNA replication, alpha-dA was site-specifically incorporated into oligodeoxyribonucleotide templates using phosphoramidite chemistry. alpha-dA in the template constituted a transient block to DNA synthesis catalyzed by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment (polI), but translesional synthesis occurred after prolonged incubation. Primer extension assays and Maxam-Gilbert sequencing of newly synthesized products revealed that alpha-dA directed not only incorporation of the correct nucleotide, dTMP, opposite the lesion but also misincorporation of dAMP and dCMP. dGMP was barely incorporated under these conditions. The order of the incorporation frequency at the alpha-dA site was affected by the nearest neighbor base pair 3' to the lesion. T7 and Taq DNA polymerases, as well as RAV-2 reverse transcriptase, showed a selectivity similar to that of PolI with respect to the nucleotide incorporation opposite alpha-dA, suggesting that the discrimination of nucleotides associated with alpha-dA is independent of the origin of DNA polymerases and is an intrinsic feature of the lesion. The mutational spectrum predicted for alpha-dA (i.e., A-->G transitions and A-->T transversions) is significantly different from those reported for other hydroxyl radical induced DNA lesions such as abasic sites or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, both primarily directing misincorporation of A. Possible biological consequences and the mechanism of dNTP discrimination associated with alpha-dA are discussed.

Adenine↗

PubMed1994

Isolation and characterization of endonuclease VIII from Escherichia coli.

Endonuclease VIII, a novel presumptive DNA repair enzyme, was isolated from Escherichia coli by FPLC1 purification. The enzyme was found in strains that contained or lacked endonuclease III and was purified by radial flow S-Sepharose, Mono S, phenyl-Superose, and Superose 12 FPLC. Examination of the properties of endonuclease VIII showed it to have many similarities to endonuclease III. DNA containing thymine glycol, dihydrothymine, beta-ureidoisobutyric acid, urea residues, or AP sites was incised by the enzyme; however, DNA containing reduced AP sites was not. HPLC analysis of the products formed by exhaustive enzymatic digestion of damage-containing DNA showed that endonuclease VIII released thymine glycol and dihydrothymine as free bases. Taken together, these data suggest that endonuclease VIII contains both N-glycosylase and AP lyase activities. Consistent with this idea, DNA containing AP sites or thymine glycols, that was enzymatically nicked by endonuclease VIII was not a good substrate for E. coli DNA polymerase I, suggesting that endonuclease VIII nicks damage-containing DNA on the 3' side of the lesion. Also, since monophosphates were not released after treating thymine glycol-containing DNA with endonuclease VIII, the enzyme does not appear to have exonuclease activity. The enzyme activity was maximal in 75 mM NaCl or 5 mM MgCl2. Analysis of endonuclease VIII by both Superose FPLC and Sephadex yielded native molecular masses of 28,000 and 30,000 Da, respectively. SDS-PAGE, in conjunction with activity gel analysis, gave a molecular mass of about 29,000 Da. Furthermore, renaturation of the putative active band from SDS-PAGE gave rise to an active enzyme.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Mast cell protease inhibitor, trypstatin, is a fragment of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor light chain.

The mast cell protease inhibitor trypstatin was purified from rat peritoneal mast cells (Kido, H., Yokogoshi, Y., and Katunuma, N. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18104-18107). We noticed that trypstatin could possibly be identical with the second half of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor light chain (ITI-LC), because only 5 amino acid residues of trypstatin are different from the sequence deduced from the recently reported rat ITI-LC mRNA. Southern blot analysis revealed that a 170-base pair probe corresponding to the second half of rat ITI-LC hybridized to the digested rat genomic DNAs only at single bands even in low stringency conditions. Similarly, a 170-base pair probe corresponding to the human counterpart, which differs by 10 deduced amino acids from the rat probe, also hybridized to the digested rat genomic DNAs only at single bands at the same positions and same conditions. These results suggest that rat trypstatin is genetically identical with rat ITI-LC. ITI-LC/trypstatin mRNA was not detected in rat peritoneal mast cells by RNA blot nor by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Since trypstatin was purified from rat peritoneal mast cells and the cells were immunohistochemically positive with anti ITI-LC antibody, ITI-LC/trypstatin may be taken up into mast cell granules from the serum but may not be generated by mast cells themselves.

Alpha-Globulins↗

PubMed1994

Relationship between serum prostate specific antigen and histological prostatitis in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The relationship between the serum values of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and the extent of histological prostatitis was investigated in 42 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate for benign hyperplasia (BPH) without clinical evidence of prostatitis. Histological prostatitis was divided into three groups: acute, chronic-active, and chronic-inactive inflammation. The extent of histological prostatitis was expressed as the number of prostatic acinar and ductal glands with inflammatory infiltrate per total number of glands (%). The serum PSA values significantly correlated with the extent of acute and chronic-active prostatitis (correlation coefficient r = 0.765 and 0.656, P < 0.01). A relationship between PSA values and the extent of chronic-inactive prostatitis was not found. In the immunohistochemical study, prostatic epithelial cells with acute and chronic-active inflammation showed negative staining for PSA antigen. These results indicate that histological acute and chronic-active prostatitis is considered an important factor for inducing the high increase in serum PSA values via the leak phenomenon.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Sorting out of cells from different parts and stages of the chick limb bud.

To examine differences in the surface properties of progress zone cells of avian wing buds, we mixed cells from the "progress zone" at different stages. To identify the origin of cells, a chick-specific antibody was used in a mixed culture of chick and quail cells, or cells from one of the stages were labeled with a fluorescent dye, PKH-24. Within 18 hr in mixed culture, cells segregated from each other and formed patches of various sizes. The segregation occurred independently of chondrogenic aggregation, but chondrogenesis occurred later in the center of the patches. Similar segregation was observed in mixed cultures of cells of the anterior progress zone, the posterior progress zone, the anterior subdistal region, and the posterior subdistal region. These results suggest that surface properties of cells in the progress zone and subdistal region change during limb bud development and vary along the anterior-posterior axis of the limb bud.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Increased expression of sulfated glycoprotein-2 and DNA fragmentation in the pancreas of copper-deficient rats.

Recent morphological studies from our laboratory have shown that copper deficiency-induced pancreatic involution in rats is secondary to apoptosis (M. S. Rao, A. V. Yeldandi, V. Subbarao, and J. K. Reddy, 1993, Am. J. Pathol. 142, 1952-1957). To corroborate the morphological findings, we have examined pancreases from copper-deficient rats for expression of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) mRNA and DNA fragmentation, which are considered as specific markers of apoptosis. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the DNA extracted from pancreases of rats maintained on copper deficient diet (CUDD) for 5 and 7 weeks showed characteristic "ladder" pattern, whereas DNA from control rats and rats maintained on CUDD for 3 weeks showed no fragmentation. These findings correlated well with the histological changes. Northern blot analysis of total RNA revealed a marked increase in the expression of SGP-2 mRNA at 5 weeks followed by a gradual decrease at 6 and 7 weeks. These results further support that the mechanism of copper deficiency-induced pancreatic involution is through apoptosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Effect of mannitol on focal cerebral ischemia evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging.

We have evaluated the effect of mannitol on focal cerebral ischemia using T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging. The left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was exposed via the transorbital approach in 20 adult cats and occluded just proximal to the origin of the perforating arteries. Seven cats in treatment group received mannitol (0.5 g/kg i.v.) at 0, 6, 12 and 18 hours after MCA occlusion. The other 13 cats received saline and served as controls. Sequential MR coronal images were obtained at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after MCA occlusion using a GE Signa (1.5 tesla) system. IVIM MR imaging demonstrated ischemic cerebral injury as a sharply demarcated area at 2 hours after MCA occlusion in control group, while T2-weighted MR imaging failed to show clear evidence of the injury until 2-6 hours. At 24 hours after MCA occlusion, the infarcted area in the mannitol treatment group was 36.9 +/- 7.7% (S.E.M) of the left hemisphere, as compared to 57.3 +/- 5.3% in control group (p < 0.05). Mannitol has beneficial effect on ischemic injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Expression of peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme and its mRNA in peroxisome proliferator-induced liver tumors.

We have examined ciprofibrate and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced hepatic lesions for the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system enzyme peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (PBE) and its mRNA using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, antibodies and cDNA probe. All 12 neoplastic nodules and nine hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) that were analyzed for PBE mRNA by in situ hybridization showed an intense signal comparable to the adjacent non-neoplastic liver. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of postnuclear fractions of six HCC and adjacent liver tissue showed a marked increase in an 80 kDa polypeptide. Immunoblot and Northern blot analysis showed a marked increase in PBE enzyme and PBE mRNA respectively in HCC and adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissue. In control livers (animals not treated with peroxisome proliferators), the levels of PBE enzyme and mRNA were very low or undetectable. The results of this study clearly indicate that peroxisome proliferator (PP)-induced liver lesions express peroxisomal enzymes to the same extent as adjacent liver and that these enzymes are not useful markers for identification of PP-induced lesions.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1994

cDNA sequencing of mouse alpha 1-microglobulin/inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor light chain and its expression in acute inflammation.

A cDNA encoding alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1mG)/inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor light chain (ITI-LC) was cloned from mouse liver by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Sequence analysis of the cDNA showed that the basic molecular structure of the proprotein was similar to that in other animals, so that two mature proteins, alpha 1mG and ITI-LC, could be produced from the proprotein translated from the mRNA. Since ITI-LC is known as a positive acute phase reactant and since ITI-LC is genetically identical with mast cell proteinase inhibitor, trypstatin, we examined the mRNA level in the liver of parasite-infected mice showing extensive mastocytosis. The mRNA level was, however, not significantly changed during inflammatory processes, except for a slight increase on day 8 post-infection.

Alpha-Globulins↗

PubMed1994

Goblet cell mucins of four genera of the subfamily Cricetinae with reference to the protective activity against Strongyloides venezuelensis.

Goblet and mast cell responses in the jejunum of four genera, Mesocricetus auratus (Syrian hamster), Phodopus campbelli, Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster), and Tscherskia triton, belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae, were examined after infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis. Parasite eggs became detectable in faeces of all four genera on Day 7. Faecal egg count peaked around Day 8 in C. griseus and T. triton and around Day 14 in M. auratus and P. campbelli. In M. auratus and P. campbelli, faecal egg production persisted over 40 days, whereas that in C. griseus and T. triton rapidly terminated within 14 days. In all four genera examined, goblet cell hyperplasia and mastocytosis were observed at the time of expulsion of S. venezuelensis. However, in the comparative study of all four genera, neither the degree of goblet or mast cell hyperplasia nor the phenotype of mast cells correlated to the rapidity of the expulsion of S. venezuelensis. On the other hand, the rapidity of expulsion closely correlated with the degree of sulphation of goblet cell mucins because two genera, C. griseus and T. triton, having highly sulphated goblet cell mucins showed faster expulsion of S. venezuelensis than the other two genera, P. campbelli and M. auratus, having less sulphated mucins. These results suggest that physicochemical nature of mucins is critical for the expulsion of S. venezuelensis from the subfamily Cricetinae.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Selective effector mechanisms for the expulsion of intestinal helminths.

In the middle of the era of molecular biology, much less attention is paid to in vivo phenomena. However, carefully designed experimental systems in vivo still can provide valuable information as to the mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of host-parasite relationships. In this review we describe the advantage of using concurrent infections with appropriately chosen combinations of different genera or different maturation stages of parasites to segregate the cellular responses of the host. By means of simple experimental approaches we have found that mucosal mast cells and goblet cells, both of which have long been considered as non-specific effectors, are in fact highly selective and specific effector cells of the host defence mechanisms capable of acting on the establishment and the expulsion of intestinal helminths.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Dehydroepiandrosterone-induced peroxisome proliferation in the rat: evaluation of sex differences.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a newly identified peroxisome proliferator that causes hepatomegaly, peroxisome proliferation, and induction of peroxisome-associated enzymes in rats and mice, and hepatocellular carcinomas in rats. In the present study, we have systematically analyzed sex differences and the effect of castration on DHEA-induced peroxisome proliferation in male and female rats, since no information is available on this subject. DHEA was fed in diet at a concentration of 0.45% for 2 weeks and livers were analyzed for hepatomegaly, peroxisome volume density, peroxisome proliferator associated Mr 80,000 polypeptide (PPA-80), and enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (PBE) mRNA. Both intact and castrated rats showed similar response to DHEA characterized by increased peroxisome volume density, PBE mRNA, and PPA-80. Significant difference was observed in the liver weights between castrated and intact animals in both the sexes. Castrated rats that received DHEA had 20%-30% more liver weight than DHEA-administered intact rats. These results clearly indicate that peroxisome proliferative effect of DHEA is not influenced by sex hormones and it is equally potent in both males and females.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[A case of Rendu-Osler-Weber disease associated with simultaneous, multiple advanced cancers in the colon].

A 77-year-old male having multiple small nevi over the lips, face, mucous membrane of mouth, tongue, neck and thorax was admitted to our hospital because of severe anemia. He has been diagnosed as Rendu-Osler-Weber disease (Osler's disease) since his 42 years of age. Although the stools were positive for occult blood, hematologic examination disclosed no abnormalities except for severe hypochromic and microcytic anemia. Gastrointestinal examination showed multiple stigmata in the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and several tumors in the colon. Histological findings of biopsy specimens obtained from these tumors revealed adenocarcinomas and tubular adenomas. Surgical resection was carried out. Resected specimens showed two tumors (one is in ascending colon appeared to be 2 type carcinoma, 1.9 x 2.3 cm in size, another is in caecum, 3 type, 7.0 x 5.0 cm in size) and three Yamada-II approximately III type polyps. Pathohistologically, the tumor in ascending colon showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, another one in caecum showed mucinous carcinoma, and polyps showed tubular adenomas, respectively. Unfortunately, the anemia of this case was regarded as stemming from Osler's disease, so the precise gastrointestinal examination was not performed for a long time. It should be emphasized to be faithful to the fundamentals of medical diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1994

[A case report of tricuspid valve valvoplasty for tricuspid endocarditis].

A successful repair of tricuspid valve insufficiency due to endocarditis related to VSD is reported. Combined quadrangular resection and repair of anterior leaflet, pericardial patch plasty of anterior-septal commissure, Carpentier ring annuloplasty and VSD closure was performed with good clinical results.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Surgical management of coronary artery fistula with tricuspid stenosis in a three-month-old infant].

This is a case report of a 3-month-old infant who had been suffering from progression of cardiac failure. Two dimensional echo-cardiography revealed a fistula between the right coronary artery to the right heart. He was operated upon using extracorporeal circulation. Symbas procedure was carried out to close the fistula. Upon opening the right atrium, there noted tricuspid stenosis (TS). Then, ASD was created to reduce the right atrial pressure to prevent right heart failure secondary to TS. He is doing well postoperatively.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗

PubMed1994

[Evaluation of the addition of counterpulsation to the partial left ventricular-femoral bypass for limitation of evolving myocardial infarction].

The effect of adding counterpulsation to a partial left ventricular bypass was evaluated in a canine model of acute myocardial ischemia by using a myocardial staining method. To establish a left ventricular bypass, a catheter consisting of bypass tube (90 cm in length and 15 Fr in inner diameter) and an accompanying intraaortic balloon as a single apparatus (Integrated Cardioassist Catheter; ICAC) was introduced into the left ventricle via the abdominal aorta. The left ventricular bypass was adjusted to 1 L/min. with or without counterpulsation with the aid of a centrifugal pump and IABP console. The use of the ICAC that provided pulsatile left ventricular bypass tended to raise the mean aortic pressure and cardiac output. Reduction of the tension time index was noted with the use of the ICAC in contrast to the control. And increment of the DPTI/TTI ratio was observed with the use of the ICAC in contrast to the control and partial left ventricular bypass alone. While the percentages of the region at risk were similar [17.3 +/- 9.5% (control), vs. 16.4 +/- 3.4% (partial left ventricular bypass alone) vs. 16.9 +/- 5.2% (ICAC)], the percentages of infarct sizes were reduced due to the use of counterpulsation. [61.9 +/- 12.2% (control), vs. 57.5 +/- 3.9% (partial left ventricular bypass alone) vs. 16.8 +/- 6.0% (ICAC)]. These results revealed that the addition of counterpulsation alleviates afterload reduction to the partial left ventricular bypass and was more beneficial to the reduction of the infarct size than partial left ventricular bypass alone.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Aortic valve replacement for a patient associated with severe liver cirrhosis].

A 55-year-old man who had severe aortic regurgitation by bacterial endocarditis associated with severe alcoholic liver cirrhosis admitted in our hospital for the treatment of congestive heart failure. ICG15' score was 45.0% and redox tolerance test score was 0.38 x 10(-2). Preoperative hepatic function state was estimated as Child B. Preoperative preparation for the liver cirrhosis was done with FFP and glucagon insulin treatment. Aortic valve replacement was performed under the pulsatile high flow and high perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass. Post operative course was fair and he discharged.

Aortic Valve↗