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Biomedical subjects

H Hirose

Publications and source records attributed to H Hirose.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Parasitic females of Strongyloides papillosus as a pathogenetic stage for sudden cardiac death in infected lambs.

The present study was aimed at elucidating the responsibility of parasitic females for sudden cardiac death following Strongyloides papillosus infection in calves. A preliminary experiment demonstrated a percutaneous infection with S. papillosus infective larvae to cause sudden cardiac death in lambs as in calves, indicating lambs could serve as a model to study fatal stronglyloidiasis in calves. Parasitic females of S. papillosus were inoculated into the duodenum of lambs. Lambs given live worms developed continuous sinus tachycardia immediately after inoculation, and died of sudden cardiac arrest by ventricular fibrillation through a phase of the disease identical to the case of percutaneous larval infection. The lambs had high fecal egg counts at the time of death. Inoculation of homogenized worms did not produce fatal arrhythmias. These results demonstrate that live parasitic females of S. papillosus in the small intestine are responsible for cardiac dysfunction regardless of the presence or absence of migratory larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Partial splenic embolization for Felty's syndrome: a 10-year followup.

Partial splenic embolization was performed in a case of Felty's syndrome in 1980. The granulocyte count has since remained normal without serious infections for the 10 years after the procedure. This is the first report of partial splenic embolization in this syndrome. This treatment may have an advantage over splenectomy because the defense mechanisms of the spleen are preserved and overwhelming infections may occur less frequently.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical treatment of urinary tract stones with Alexandrite laser].

Clinical treatment of urolithiasis with Alexandrite-laser which is a solid pulse laser system developed in Switzerland is reported. Two cases of renal stones, 3 cases of vesical stones, and 35 renal units in 34 cases of ureteral stones were treated. The approach to the aimed stone was, percutaneous to the renal stones, and transurethral to the vesical and ureteral stones. The clinical success rate was 92.5% (37/40), when we defined success as the endoscopically observed fragmentation. The uric acid stone in the bladder was not disintegrated even when the plasma occurred, but the ureteral uric acid stone was easily fragmented. The difference was thought to be attributed to the condition of the surface. The Alexandrite-laser system generates a 750 nm wavelength, and this wavelength is neither absorbed in water nor hemoglobin, so is thought to be harmless to the tissue. Actually, if misirradiation to the ureteral mucosa during lithotripsy was done, neither plasma formation nor perforation occurred. In conclusion, the Alexandrite-laser is thought to be safe and effective equipment for the treatment of urolithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Trophic effect of erythropoietin and other hematopoietic factors on central cholinergic neurons in vitro and in vivo.

In vitro granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), erythropoietin (EPO), and erythroid differentiation factor (EDF) augmented choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in mouse embryonic primary septal neurons and in cholinergic hybridoma cell line, SN6.10.2.2. This is similar to the effects seen with interleukin-3 (IL-3) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Moreover, in vivo GM-CSF and EPO promoted survival of septal cholinergic neurons in adult rats which had undergone fimbria-fornix transections. These results suggest that some of the hematopoietic factors act on cholinergic neurons as 'neurotrophic factors' to influence the differentiation, maintenance and regeneration of these neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Role of endothelin ETB receptors in bronchoconstrictor and vasoconstrictor responses in guinea-pigs.

In anesthetized and ventilated guinea-pigs, intravenous injections of endothelin (ET)-1 (0.5 nmol/kg), ET-3 (0.5 nmol/kg), and [Ala1,3,11,15]ET-1 (20 nmol/kg), an ETB-selective receptor agonist, induced bronchoconstrictor and transient vasoconstrictor responses. Only the ET-1-induced transient vasoconstriction was followed by a secondary sustained pressor response. The ETA-selective receptor antagonist, BQ-123 (1 mg/kg i.v.), attenuated only the sustained pressor response. These results indicate that the bronchoconstrictor and transient vasoconstrictor responses to endothelins in guinea-pigs are mediated by ETB receptors, whilst the sustained pressor response is mediated by ETA receptors. The thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, L-670,596 (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) and a high dose of BQ-123 (30 mg/kg i.v.) abolished the bronchoconstriction only without affecting the transient pressor response to endothelin isopeptides. These results suggest that the ETB-mediated bronchoconstriction depends on thromboxane A2 formation. The different sensitivity of these ETB-mediated transient responses to BQ-123 suggests the possible existence of distinct ETB receptor subtypes.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1993

Identifying the ciliary sulcus for suturing a posterior chamber intraocular lens by transillumination.

We describe herein a technique for locating the ciliary sulcus for suturing a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Transscleral illumination with a light-guide fiber placed underneath the iris reveals the ciliary sulcus as a bright area near the limbus, and it allows for a straight needle with 10-0 polypropylene fiber to be easily inserted through the sulcus after making two pairs of radial scleral incisions to fixate the 10-0 polypropylene fiber. We think that this procedure can minimize complications of suturing a posterior chamber intraocular lens and shorten the operation time.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Lung perfusion SPECT in predicting postoperative pulmonary function in lung cancer.

The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the availability of preoperative perfusion SPECT in predicting postoperative pulmonary function following resection. Twenty-three patients with lung cancer who were candidates for lobectomy were investigated preoperatively with spirometry, x-ray computed tomography and 99mTc macroaggregated albumin SPECT. Their postoperative pulmonary functions were predicted with these examinations. The forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume in one second were selected as parameters for overall pulmonary function. The postoperative pulmonary function was predicted by the following formula: Predicted postoperative value = observed preoperative value x percent perfusion of the lung not to be resected. The patients were reinvestigated with spirometry at 3 months and 6 months after lobectomy, and the values obtained were statistically compared with the predicted values. Close relationships were found between predicted and observed forced vital capacity (r = 0.87, p < 0.001), and predicted and observed forced expiratory volume in one second (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). The accurate prediction pulmonary function after lobectomy could be achieved by means of lung perfusion SPECT.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Effects of alpha 2- and beta-adrenergic agonism on glucagon secretion from perfused pancreata of normal and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

Insulin secretion is known to be inhibited by alpha 2-adrenergic agonism and stimulated by beta-adrenergic agonism in both experimental animals and humans. In contrast, adrenergic regulation of glucagon secretion remains controversial. This study was designed to determine the effects of alpha 2- and beta-adrenergic agonism on islet alpha cells, using isolated perfused pancreata of normal and streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D) rats. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine at a concentration of 10(-7) mol/L significantly stimulated glucagon secretion as compared with basal levels in both normal (1,286 +/- 90 v 417 +/- 53 ng/L, P < .01) and STZ-D rats (551 +/- 86 v 130 +/- 19 ng/L, P < .01). Also, the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol at a concentration of 10(-7) mol/L significantly stimulated glucagon secretion as compared with basal levels in both normal (751 +/- 130 v 347 +/- 41 ng/L, P < .05) and STZ-D rats (182 +/- 22 v 92 +/- 20 ng/L, P < .01). Furthermore, these alpha 2- and beta-agonistic effects were almost completely inhibited in the presence of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine and the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol at a concentration of 10(-6) mol/L, respectively. Insulin secretion was markedly reduced in STZ-D rats. These results suggest that even in a severely diabetic state, not only beta- but also also alpha 2-adrenergic agonism stimulates glucagon secretion from rat pancreatic alpha cells.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1993

Sudden death of calves by experimental infection with Strongyloides papillosus. IV. Electrocardiographic and pneumographic observations at critical moments of the disease.

Electrocardiographic and pneumographic observations at critical moments were carried out on five calves that died suddenly following experimental infections with Strongyloides papillosus. Time which elapsed during these critical moments was calculated from the time of observation of ventricular flutter (VF) to the appearance of accelerated respiration and cessation of respiration. The beginning of accelerated respiration ranged from -19 to 41 s after VF. Time (minutes:seconds) of cessation of respiration ranged from 2:10 to 3:50 after VF. The results of the experiment suggested sudden cardiac death as the cause of death in calves following infection with Strongyloides papillosus.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pushing exercise program to correct glottal incompetence.

A voice therapy program using pushing exercises to correct glottal incompetence is described. The program utilizes various types of instrumentation to determine whether or not a given patient is likely to benefit from the treatment. The program also provides feedback of target voices. Three cases with incomplete glottal closure and subsequent vocal dysphonia characterized by an asthenic breathy quality are used to illustrate the program. Details of the program, termination criteria, and problems and precautions learned from treating 29 patients over a 3-year period are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Suppression of allograft responses by combining donor alloantigen-specific intravenous presensitization with suboptimal doses of FK506.

C57BL/6 (B6) mice were injected i.v. with class I H-2-disparate B10.QBR spleen cells (10(7)/mouse). This regimen, termed "donor alloantigen-specific i.v. presensitization" (DSP), induced almost complete elimination of anti-B10.QBR mixed lymphocyte reaction/IL-2 production but did not affect the generation of CTL responses. Repeated (5 or 11 times) administration in vivo (over 7 or 18 days) of FK506 at suboptimal doses (0.75-1.0 mg/kg/day) failed to eliminate the capacities to exhibit MLR/IL-2 production and to generate CTL responses. Prolongation of skin graft survival was not induced by either of a single DSP or FK treatment (0.75-1.0 mg/kg/day, 11 times during 18 days) alone, but by the combination of these. Such combined treatment also resulted in almost complete reduction of CTL responses before (5 rounds of FK injection) or after (11 rounds of FK injection) recipients were engrafted with B10.QBR skin grafts. Under conditions in which lymphoid cells from mice receiving both treatments failed to generate CTL responses, the addition of recombinant IL-2 to cultures restored the CTL generation, suggesting that CTL precursors themselves are not attenuated by the combined treatment. Both prolongation of graft survival and suppression of CTL responses were obtained when the administration of FK506 was started before but not after DSP. Prolongation of graft survival could also be obtained in class I and II MHC-disparate combinations when the combined treatment was performed in a particular protocol. These results indicate that (1) DSP alone fails to prolong graft survival in class I and class I and II MHC-disparate combinations; (2) such failure is ascribed to the induction of CTL responses by CTL precursors and CTL helpers, both of which are DSP-resistant; (3) the administration of suboptimal doses of FK506 is not sufficient for the suppression of CTL responses, but is effective selectively for suppressing DSP-resistant CTL helpers; and (4) the combination of DSP with FK506 treatment in an appropriate protocol can thus prolong graft survival through the suppression of CTL-involved as well as CTL-independent graft rejection pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Close association between Streptococcus sobrinus in the saliva of young children and smooth-surface caries increment.

Three hundred and thirty-eight children (age range 3-5 years) were examined for the presence of mutans streptococci in their saliva. They were divided into four groups according to the prevalent species that were isolated: (1) Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus group (S. mutans > or = 10(3) CFU/ml and S. sobrinus > or = 10(3) CFU/ml); (2) S. mutans group (S. mutans > or = 10(3) CFU/ml but S. sobrinus < 10(3) CFU/ml); (3) S. sobrinus group (S. sobrinus > or = 10(3) CFU/ml but S. mutans < 10(3) CFU/ml), and (4) children with mutants streptococci absent or barely detectable (mutants streptococci < 10(3) CFU/ml). The previous caries experience was compared among the groups, as was the caries increment during a 6-month period after the bacterial examination. The subjects in the S. sobrinus group had both higher caries and higher decayed teeth and surface increments than the S. mutans group. The mean decayed smooth-surface increment (delta d-surface) for the S. sobrinus group was 2.6 and was significantly higher than 0.8 for the S. mutans group. For the subjects with delta d-surface > or = 4, the mean number of S. sobrinus in the saliva was 4.29 x 10(5) CFU/ml and was significantly higher than 0.32 x 10(5) CFU/ml for the subjects without delta d-surface. There was no significant difference in the mean number of S. mutants in saliva between the subjects with and without delta d-surface. The prevalence of S. sobrinus in saliva was more closely associated with future caries activity, especially with smooth-surface caries increment, than the prevalence of S. mutants.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Turbidimetric-kinetic assay of endotoxin in rumen fluid or serum of cattle fed rations containing various levels of rolled barley.

A new, automated turbidimetric-kinetic (ATK) assay was used to quantitate bacterial endotoxin in rumen fluid or in serum of Holstein steers. The ATK method used Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) reagent with added beta-glucan (LAL-ES) which improved specific sensitivity to endotoxin. Design of the feeding trial permitted comparison of endotoxin levels found during consumption of a basal ration with those higher levels detected at various times following the introduction of increasing percentages of rolled barley to that basal ration. Both serum and ruminal endotoxin levels were significantly higher in steers on the higher concentrate rations. Peak endotoxin levels were detected 20 days following the change to the highest concentrate ration which contained 60% barley. Endotoxin levels from both sources subsequently decreased. Ruminal endotoxin stabilized at about 10 times the level, and serum endotoxin stabilized at 2 to 4 times the level, of that previously found during feeding of the basal ration. Test protocol included sample dilution and heating in order to avoid the effects of endotoxin inhibitors. Recovery rates for added endotoxin to either serum or rumen fluid supernates ranged from 120 to 136%. Coefficient of variation for endotoxin concentration in serum was lower than 10%, and in rumen fluid only slightly higher. There was significant correlation between ruminal concentration as measured by the ATK method and an alternative chromogenic substrate assay procedure. Changes in endotoxin level in experimental steers were those predictable from experience with naturally occurring incidents of grain engorgement. The ATK assay appears to be an accurate and rather simple technique which will prove useful for experimental and clinical studies in the future.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

Changes of plasma osmotic pressure during lactation in rats.

It is known that blood and plasma volume increase during lactation. The present paper examines whether an increase in plasma volume is accompanied by the change in plasma composition or attributed to hydro-dilution. Six dam-nursed pups and six dam-removed pups housed individually were designated as lactating rats and control rats, respectively. The plasma osmotic pressure and hematocrit value (Ht) were measured in the rats on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 13 and 18 of lactation. The total plasma protein (TP) and serum sodium concentration were also measured as they are factors affecting the plasma osmotic pressure. In addition, milk yield was estimated by the Morag technique. On day 5 and after day 10, the osmotic pressure of the lactating rats was found to be significantly lower than that of the control rats. The serum sodium concentration (days 5 and after day 10) and Tp values (days 3, 10 and 18) of the lactating rats were significantly lower than those of the control rats. Except on day 5, the Ht values of the lactating rats were significantly lower than those of the controls. During the period between days 3 and 10, milk yield was increased and it become steady (18 g/12 hr) on days 10 and 18. On and after day 10 when rats secreted a large amount of milk, it is considered that a decrease in the plasma osmotic pressure was mainly attributed to the reduction of sodium concentration by hydro-dilution. The Ht values indicate that an increase in blood volume is mainly through plasma volume rather than blood cell volume in lactating rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Mitral prosthetic dehiscence with laminar regurgitant flow signals assessed by transesophageal echocardiography.

A patient with a Björk-Shiley mitral prosthesis developed progressive heart failure without heart murmur and hemolysis. The prosthetic dehiscence was not diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography, but transesophageal echocardiography. The regurgitant signals revealed laminar flow pattern with large regurgitant orifice. In patients with mitral prosthetic dehiscence with laminar flow pattern, transesophageal echocardiography can provide reliable diagnostic information.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Neurite promoting activity of collagens on embryonic neurons: decreased effect at the postnatal stage.

We studied the in vitro neurite outgrowth activity of fibronectin, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, type I collagen, type IV collagen, and type VIII collagen in cholinergic neuronal cell lines and primary cultured neurons. All these substances had high neurite promoting activity on primary cultured neurons from embryonic mouse brain. However, collagens had no such an effect on primary cultured neurons from postnatal brain. When neuronal cell lines were used, collagens and other extracellular matrix substances were equally and highly effective on cells originated from embryonic brain, but collagens were less effective on cells from postnatal brain. These findings suggest that postnatal neurons lose the neuritic responsiveness to collagens earlier than that of other ECM.

Animals↗