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Biomedical subjects

H Hazama

Publications and source records attributed to H Hazama.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The role of wet-dog shakes during amygdaloid electrical and methionine-enkephalin kindling in the rat.

The role of wet-dog shakes (WDS) in the kindling phenomenon was investigated in the rat using amygdala (AM) electrical kindling (E-K group), methionine-enkephalin (ME) chemical kindling (ME-K group) and ME-chemical kindling after the completion of electrical kindling (E-M group). The AM electrical kindling was carried out with 200 microA stimulation. Repeated microinjections of 10 micrograms ME into the AM were given for ME chemical kindling. EEG and behavioral seizures were recorded from the beginning of the electrical stimulation or ME microinjection to 2 min after the end of the after-discharge (AD). The mean number of WDS in ME-K and E-M groups during the chemical kindling, in contrast to that in E-K group, was significantly decreased as the kindling stages progressed. In the ME-K group, WDS completely disappeared when the stage developed into stage 5. In all the three groups, the maximum incidence of WDS in each stage appeared near the termination of AD, which was accordant with the end of the convulsive seizures. These results suggest that WDS may be associated with the kindling stage and the end of the convulsive seizure or the AD. Furthermore, the disappearance of WDS could be a behavioral index of the fully kindled state in some kinds of kindling models.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1993

[A controlled study of the prophylactic effect of mianserin and placebo in recurrent depression].

To examine the prophylactic effect of mianserin on depressive episode, 26 patients with recurrent depression were randomly allocated on a double-blind basis to treatment with either inactive placebo (PL group) or mianserin in daily dose of 20-60 mg (MIA group) for 18 months and the frequencies or durations of depressive episode during the treatment were compared between the two groups. Except for the 4 patients who dropped out, a comparison of the prophylactic effects of the two groups was performed on 9 patients of the MIA group and 13 patients of the PL group. As a result, recurrence of depressive episode occurred in 4 of 9 patients in the MIA group and in all 13 patients in the PL group during the study. The recurrence rate of the depressive episode during the period in the MIA group was always less than that in the PL group, and significant differences were observed between the two groups from the third to the 18th month of the study. Whereas the frequency and duration of the depressive episode in the MIA group during the period of the study were significantly less than those prior to the study, there was no such difference in the PL group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the safety between the two groups. From the result of this study, it was suggested that mianserin is effective in the prophylaxis of depressive episode in patients with recurrent depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Periodicity of episode occurrences in rapid cycling affective disorders.

We analyzed the medical records of nine patients with severe rapid cycling affective disorders (RCAD), and determined the cycle of mania occurrences by calculating the period between two successive onsets of mania for each patient. Using the cycle as the index we devised a cycle-oriented diagram by dividing the observation period by the index cycle, and visually studied the mode of episode occurrences. In seven patients, the onset of mania generally followed the index cycle, but sometimes shifted from the day estimated by the index cycle. The shift seemed to be caused by a cycle other than the index cycle, which appeared temporarily in the course. The period between two successive onsets of mania was often several times longer than the index cycle length. In patients with RCAD, some sort of periodic rhythms may possibly control the course of episode occurrences on a continuing basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of the antimanic efficacy of carbamazepine and lithium carbonate by double-blind controlled study.

A multi-institutional study comparing the antimanic effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) and lithium carbonate (Li) was performed using a double-blind group comparison design in a series of 105 patients with bipolar disorders. CBZ and Li were given for four weeks using a fixed-flexible method at an equipotent dose ratio of 1:1, starting from an initial dosage of 400 mg with a maximum dosage of 1200 mg. The final global improvement rate, based on the number of cases showing moderate to marked amelioration of manic symptoms, was 62% in the CBZ group and 59% in the Li group, with no significant difference being found between the two groups. Incidence of cutaneous side-effects was significantly higher in the CBZ group. The mean daily dosage and serum level of CBZ in the fourth week were 674 +/- 239 mg and 7.3 +/- 2.4 micrograms/ml respectively; these were within the therapeutic range. The daily dose and serum level of Li, however, were 710 +/- 239 mg and 0.46 +/- 0.22 mEq/l, and the Li level seemed to be too low to compare its therapeutic effect with that of CBZ. Prior to the present study, approximately 80% of the patients in both groups had been receiving antipsychotic medication, equivalent to 8.0 mg of haloperidol on average, without favorable response. This medication was maintained unchanged during treatment. While the shortcomings of the present study limit the interpretation of the data, it may be suggested that the usefulness of CBZ as a drug for the treatment of manic states is comparable to that of Li.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Severe primary hyperparathyroidism in a neonate having a parent with hypercalcemia: treatment by total parathyroidectomy and simultaneous heterotopic autotransplantation.

Neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism is a life-threatening disease because of marked hypercalcemia and severe respiratory distress caused by the hypoplastic thorax and occasional rib fractures. We report a 29-day-old girl treated by total parathyroidectomy and simultaneous autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue (one fifth of each of the two glands) in the femoral quadriceps muscle near the groin. At the time of operation, all four of the parathyroid glands were markedly enlarged, and their total weight was 900 mg. Part of the resected parathyroid tissue was cryopreserved for further autotransplantation should hypoparathyroidism develop. Two years six months after surgery, the infant was well and had normal levels of serum calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in the absence of any supplementary treatment. Asymptomatic hypercalcemia in the presence of abnormally low fractional excretion of calcium was found in the father. Based on our experience and review of the literature, we recommend total parathyroidectomy, autotransplantation, and cryopreservation for the neonate with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Calcium↗
PubMed1989

Clinical efficacy of carbamazepine in affective, schizoaffective, and schizophrenic disorders.

The therapeutic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) were evaluated in 103 patients with affective disorders, 54 with schizophrenic disorders, and 26 with schizoaffective disorders by a multi-institutional open study. The rate of marked and moderate improvement was 72.8% in affective disorders, 54.6% in schizophrenic disorders, and 61.5% in schizoaffective disorders. Symptom items of the Clinical Psychopharmacology Research Group rating scale for mania showed significant improvement in the patients with affective disorders as well as in those of the other two groups. In the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale as applied to patients with schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorders, symptom items related to affect and emotion showed significant improvement. The antimanic efficacy of CBZ was also noted in many poor responders to lithium. Side-effects were observed in 82 patients (44.8%), and abnormal laboratory findings in 37 patients (44.8%), and abnormal laboratory findings in 37 patients. The present study seems to confirm the usefulness of CBZ for the treatment of affective disorders and in some cases, of schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A double-blind study of adjunctive carbamazepine versus placebo on excited states of schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders.

A multi-institutional double-blind study comparing the therapeutic effect of adjunctive carbamazepine and placebo with standard neuroleptic treatment was performed on 162 patients with DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenic (n = 127) or schizoaffective disorders (n = 35) who had excited states or aggressive/violent behavior that responded unsatisfactorily to neuroleptic treatment. The patients participated in a 4-week trial of carbamazepine plus neuroleptics (n = 82) or placebo plus neuroleptics (n = 80). The sum of patients with marked and moderate improvement was modestly larger in the carbamazepine group (48 vs. 30%, P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between the carbamazepine and placebo groups in the changes of total BPRS scores, although the carbamazepine group showed more improvement on the items suspiciousness, uncooperativeness and excitement. The results suggest that carbamazepine, when used in combination with neuroleptics, is a useful drug for the treatment of excited states of patients with schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of depression with clonazepam.

The antidepressive effect of an anticonvulsant clonazepam was studied with maximum daily dose of 1.5 to 6.0 mg (mean 3.4 mg) in 27 patients with major depression (n = 18) or bipolar disorder (n = 9). Two of them dropped out at an early stage of the treatment, and the antidepressive effect of clonazepam was evaluated for the remaining 25 patients. A marked to moderate improvement was obtained for 21 patients (84%), and the onset of the antidepressive effect of clonazepam appeared within 1 week in most of the cases who responded to the therapy. The total scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Self-Rating Scale were significantly reduced after the clonazepam treatment. Side effects occurred in 14 patients, but most of them were not severe. From these results, it is thought that clonazepam might be useful as an antidepressant for patients in whom conventional antidepressant treatment are contraindicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cytosol estradiol receptor content in the adult rat brain after neonatal treatment with estradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate.

The effects of neonatal treatment with estrogen or androgen on the development of cytosol estradiol (E2) receptors were examined in the rat pituitary, hypothalamus and amygdala. The treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB, 100 micrograms) significantly reduced the E2 receptor content in all of these regions in both sexes. But the treatment with testosterone propionate (TP, 1 mg) to the female rats significantly decreased the E2 receptor content in the pituitary and hypothalamus but not in the amygdala. The TP treatment to the male rats decreased the E2 receptor content in the hypothalamus and amygdala but not in the pituitary. The decreased cytosol E2 receptors in the hypothalamus and amygdala seem to be implicated in preventing the normal sexual development.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1986

Water intoxication and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in schizophrenic patients evaluated by water deprivation and load tests.

A study was conducted on 16 schizophrenic patients with compulsive water drinking (CWD) and 10 normal controls, and the relation between serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and serum osmolality measured under ordinary conditions of free water intake. A water deprivation test and a water load test were also carried out on 10 schizophrenics with CWD and 10 normal controls. A comparison between the patients and controls showed the following results: the patients showed a significantly high level of serum ADH for their serum osmolality level, and 3 of them were consistent with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH); the urine osmolality after the water deprivation in the patients was relatively low for their serum ADH; inhibition of ADH secretion after the water load was insufficient in the patients; and the water load test proved favorable to water diuresis (106%) in the patients with CWD of less than a 5-year duration, and insufficient diuresis (62.6%) in the patients with CWD of more than a 5-year duration. Two cases of the latter group had SIADH. The dilution and concentration of the urine after the water load were delayed also in the schizophrenic patients without SIADH. These findings suggest a strong possibility that the regulatory mechanism of ADH secretion might be impaired in the schizophrenic patients with CWD.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Serum prolactin, cortisol and growth hormone concentrations after various epileptic seizures.

The serial serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL), cortisol and growth hormone (GH) were measured after clinical fits of seizures in 49 epileptic patients, aged 13-77. In generalized tonic-clonic seizures, both the serum PRL and cortisol levels transiently rose and reached their maximum 30 min after the onset of clinical fits. Serum GHs were elevated in some of the patients. After complex partial seizures, significant rises were found only in serum cortisol, but no demonstrable change was observed in PRL and GH. In the other minor seizure group, no remarkable change was observed in any of the hormones. These results suggest that the postictal hormonal change is different in each type of seizure, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Chromosome examination of patients under lithium therapy.

The chromosomal aberrations of 13 patients who had received continuous lithium therapy for affective disorders were examined. Healthy college women were used as controls. There was a high frequency in gaps among the patients compared with the controls, but there was no significant difference between them. Although there was a significant relationship between the age of patients and the incidence of abnormal cells, there was no relationship between the duration of lithium therapy and the incidence of abnormal cells. These results suggest that lithium carbonate has neither the suppression effect of chromosomal repair mechanisms nor mutagenic activity. In order to discuss the teratogenicity of lithium salts on human beings, it seems necessary to conduct chromosome examinations of babies born to lithium-treated women.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Drug metabolizing activity in rats with chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride: relationship with the content of hydroxyproline in the liver.

The drug metabolizing activity of rat liver during long-term administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and its relationship with the content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the liver were examined. The contents of cytochrome P-450 (P-450) and cytochrome b5 (b5) and the metabolization of aniline, aminopyrine, 7-ethoxycoumarin (7-EC) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in the microsomal fraction were examined five days after the final administration of CCl4. The contents of P-450 and b5 and the activity to metabolize the four substrates were gradually reduced as the Hyp content in the liver increased. However, aminopyrine N-demethylation and B(a)P hydroxylation, particularly the latter, was more reduced than aniline hydroxylation and 7-EC O-deethylation in the early stage of hepatic fibrosis. Such differences may be due mainly to the different P-450 subtypes affected by CCl4.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of H2-receptor antagonists on acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury.

The effects of H2-antagonists on acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury were examined. Rats were administered acetaminophen at the dose of 800 mg/kg body, 60 hr after injection of 3-methylcholanthrene. As an H2-antagonist, cimetidine (200 mg/kg), ranitidine (50 mg or 100 mg/kg), or famotidine (20 mg or 40 mg/kg) was administered before and after acetaminophen injection. The group administered only acetaminophen had been severely damaged as evaluated by changes in serum transaminase, P-450 content, aminopyrine demethylation, glutathione content and histological study, but administration of 200 mg cimetidine together with acetaminophen significantly reduced the hepatic injury to nearly the control level. Ranitidine had no protective effect against hepatic injury at the dose of 50 mg, which appears to have the same antacid effect as 200 mg cimetidine, whereas it had a slight but significant protective effect as evaluated by the transaminase level, glutathione content and histological study at the dose of 100 mg. Famotidine had no effect against acetaminophen induced hepatic injury. Because famotidine had no effect, the protection by H2-antagonist against acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury cannot be explained by the decrease in hepatic blood flow alone. Therefore, inhibition of P-450 activity seems to be more important for reducing the generation of the reactive metabolites of acetaminophen than hepatic blood flow decrease.

Acetaminophen↗