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Biomedical subjects

H Haug

Publications and source records attributed to H Haug.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Osteosynthesis in cranial and midfacial skull fractures].

From 1982 to 1985 65 patients with a fracture of the cranial and middle portion of the visceral skull underwent surgical reconstruction using mini-plate osteosynthesis (Champy set). In this group we can distinguish four typical fractures where plate osteosynthesis with functional stability has proved successful (e.g.: piece fracture of the inferior margin of the orbita, bursting fracture of the zygomatic bone, impression fracture of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus, comminuted fracture of the interorbital region). The technical details of surgery are given special emphasis and possible complications are discussed.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1984

The significance of morphometric procedures in the investigation of age changes in cytoarchitectonic structures of human brain.

The investigations were performed on NISSL-stained cytoarchitectonic images of totally 78 human brains (aged between 18 and 111 years) in the frontal area 11 (inside sulcus olfactorius) with 60 samples and in the visual cortex (area 17) with 45 samples. The morphometric measurements were taken by using a semiautomatic equipment. The largest projection areas of neurons were digitized over a drawing mirror. The arrangement of fields made it possible to get values for the total cortex and its layering. During the calculation the age-dependent embedding shrinkage was paid attention to. Therefore, the values concern the fresh tissue. The neuronal and glial densities, the neuronal sizes and size-distributions were calculated by using stereological and statistical principles. The results outline the following points: A basic description of the cytoarchitectonics is given in their qualitative and quantitative aspects. The individual variation shows high differences, which however, are in accordance with a normal statistical distribution. In area 11 we could find a significant difference of neuronal densities between males and females. The cell-sizes and the aging behavior are not different. In area 17 the amount of female brains was too small for statistics. The aging of both areas showed that the densities of neurons and glial cells do not decrease. A small increase may be possible. The neuronal sizes of area 11 are constant up to 60 years, then a distinct decrease can be observed. During aging the size decrease of neurons is very small in area 17. The layer III usually shows a distinct decrease of neuronal size during aging while layer V has a nearly constant size. The results were discussed and compared with other publications. The differences between our results and earlier publications seem to be mainly due to methodical problems. The older papers do and could probably not observe the stereological procedures of measuring and the age differences of the embedding procedures. The main result is that every gray structure of the brain has its own history.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of secular acceleration on the human brain weight and its changes during aging].

The presented examinations on humans are based on 26 publications regarding the secular acceleration and 16 regarding the brain weight (each of the latter containing at least 500 values). The secular acceleration of the body length was only insignificant up to 1800 AD (about 1 mm per 100). From 1800 to 1900, the size of the length increased steadily and reached finally a size of 1 to 1.2 mm/a which is probably unchanged at present. This behaviour can be observed in every country in which such data were sampled. A positive correlation between brain size and body length can be found in a sample of about 11,000 values. An increase of 10 cm body-length corresponds to an increase of 59 g in brain weight, respectively 10 g brain weight are equal to 1.7 cm body-length. 21,300 values of 15 transversal examinations regarding brain weight and age compare the brains of the older and smaller generation having primarily smaller brains with those of the younger generation having primarily larger brains. Therefore the observed diminution of the brain weight during ageing is partly fictitious. With the help of correlation between brain weight and body length on the one hand and the secular acceleration of the body length on the other hand it is possible to correct the fictitious part of this diminishing. The result can state that the real diminution of the brain begins around the 60th year of age. However, it is probable that a high individual variability concerning time and speed exists. At present, the ideas regarding the sources of the secular acceleration are highly speculative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Preliminary report on macroscopic age changes in the human prosencephalon. A stereologic investigation.

The studies here reported were performed on the prosencephalons of 12 human brains between 37 and 86 years of age having no signs of neuropathological alteration. The evaluation was carried out on serial frontal sections with a mean thickness of 5 mm with stereological point counting procedures for volume and surface area. The results were mainly given in relative values since the range of variation is very high and the sample small. The aging process was evaluated with the aid of a linear regression function. The stereological investigation regarding the absolute values of volume and surface area (border face) of the macroscopical brain parts show a high interindividual variability. However, the relative volume of brain parts shows only small variations. Changes during aging could consequently only be revealed with the help of the relative values. The relative volumes and surface areas of the frontal lobe and the prosencephalic ganglia decrease with aging, while the parieto-occipital lobe and the striate cortex increase. However, if we refer these relative increases to the absolute decrease of brain volume, corresponding changes cannot be found in the parieto-occipital lobe until old age. The shrinkage of the frontal lobe, of the centrum semiovale and of the prosencephalic ganglia exceeds 10%. In the grays it is probably accompanied by a loss of neurons. The relative sizes of the surface area do not change significantly during aging with exception of the frontal cortex. The thickness of the cortex remains probably constant. The size of lateral ventricles increases with aging.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Morphometry of cortical neurons. The best estimation of perikaryon volume from the projection area.

The aim of this investigation is to develop the best approximation procedure for calculating the volumes of the perikarya of oriented cortical neurons. About 1119 nerve cells (area 6 after Brodmann) were identified. The medial cross section (projection area) and the maximal diameter of each cell was measured. The calculation is based on stereometrical models (sphere/cone/ellipsoid). The volume of a sphere of equal projection area has to be corrected for the actual shape of the cell type concerned (conical for pyramidal cells and ellipsoidal for granule and spindle cells). The correction factors are obtained by two different types of graphs. The procedure suggested depends on the available equipment. When working with systems which store only the projection area, the factor obtained for granule cells (0.9) should be used for all cells up to a projection area of 120 microns 2. Larger cells should be corrected by the factor derived for pyramidal cells (0.85). In connection with systems which provide the maximal diameter as well, the correction factors can be worked out by estimating the axial ratio of the neurons. Advanced systems like the Videoplan are able to calculate factors for individual cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

On the proper use of point-counting and semi-automatic procedures in stereology.

The influence of shape and size of structures as well as the individual effect on accurate results and the speed of evaluation in point-counting and automated planimetry is investigated. The following statements can be made: 1) Planimetry is with the factor 2 to 5 more exact than point-counting. 2) The individual effect on the results is small in planimetry and therefore can be neglected in most cases. However, this is impossible in point-counting. 3) The evaluation-error increases with the decrease of size. It goes over 5% below an area of 40 mm2 in planimetry. The comparable border-values of point-counting are much higher. 4) The shape has little influence on the results in structures with smaller deviations from the form of a circle (stretching-factor below 2.7), but with increasing complexity of the borders, the results show more variability. 5) The border-line examination in planimetry is 5 to 10 times more exact than in point-counting. 6) The time used for equal samplings including calculation of MW and standard deviation is similar for both procedures, but planimetry only needs few measuring steps for small confidence-limits and is able to estimate more parameters in one estimation. 7) The orientation of structures has a planimetry no influence of the results obtained for the single section, in contrast to point-counting of intersections. 8) The psychic condition has influence on both procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The aging of cortical cytoarchitectonics in the light of stereological investigations.

With the help of stereological procedures quantitative results concerning the aging of the human cortex could be found. 1. Older brains shrink less during the histological treatment than younger ones. 2. The neuronal density does not change in all four estimated areas (Brodman 6, 7, 11, 17). 3. In two areas (frontal lobe) a statistical significant decrease of neuronal cell size could be found. The conclusion allows the statement that the various parts of cortex age differently.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The evaluation of cell-densities and of nerve-cell-size distribution by stereological procedures in a layered tissue (cortex cerebri).

The procedure of a stereological investigation of the cytoarchitectonics in the cerebral cortex is described. The number of all cells and--in order to obtain a size-distribution--the area of nerve-cells are measured with the help of an optomanual system (MOP-AM). The values and the distance of the evaluation-field from the cortical surface are transferred to a magnetic-tape. The principle of the arrangement of the fields has been described in Microscopica Acta, Vol. 71. The actual results including their statistics are calculated with a table-computer by using stereological formulas and by considering the magnification and the shrinkage of embedding. The measurement of the latter is also mentioned. The results can be printed in the form of various tables for lines, superlines, layers and the whole cortex and in the form of a newly developed computer-graph. The latter demonstrates the size-distribution of the nerve-cells and their dependence on the distance of the cortical surface. The task of our present study--the aging of the human cortex cerebri--is briefly given.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1978

Enzymatic and chemical properties of an endopeptidase from the larva of the hornet Vespa crabro.

An endopeptidase from the larvae of the hornet Vespa crabro has been purified to homogeneity. The enzyme has been characterized with respect to molecular weight, amino acid compositon, and amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences. The catalytic properties of the hornet protease are similar to those of bovine chymotrypsin with respect to inactivation by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and carbobenzoxyphenylalanine chloro ketone and preferential peptide bond cleavage at aromatic amino acid residues. In contrast to bovine chymotrypsin, the hornet protease is not inhibited by the basic pancreatic Kunitz inhibitor, soybean inhibitor, or chicken ovomucoid. The molecular weight, as determined by several independent methods, was found to be 14 500. The protease is a single-chain protein containing two disulfide bonds. The terminal sequences are: NH2-Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-Ile-Asp.....Gly-Lys-Tyr-Pro-Tyr-Gln-Val-Ser-Leu-Arg-COOH.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

[Radioimmunologic determination of immunoglobulin E in neoplasms].

3000 IgE serum concentrations were determine d radioimmunologically in a large group of 1616 tumor patients and a group of 308 controls. Because of a wide scattering the individual IgE levels do not give a diagnostic indication. On the other hand we have found a highly significant difference (p less than 0.001) between the IgE levels of male and female tumor patient-groups, which does not exist among the controls. Female patients tend to lower, male patients to higher levels. In patients with carcinoma of the testis three times higher IgE levels were found. Their relation to a coincidence with high HCG levels is discussed. Furthermore IgE follow up-studies are described. They correlate close by with the clinical picture. Consequently IgE follow up-studies are applicable to tumor prognosis and possibly to tumor therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗