Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H H Sandstead

Publications and source records attributed to H H Sandstead.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Intra-uterine nutrition and its effects on aggression.

Prenatal zinc deficiency and prenatal undernutrition were found to have adverse effects on the food consumption and weight gain of pregnant dams and their offspring. Pups whose dams suffered prenatal zinc deficiency (ZD) consumed less food and gained less weight than pups whose dams suffered prenatal undernutrition (PF). The PF pups consumed less food and gained less weight than pups whose dams were normally fed (AL). The ZD females at age 75 days were significantly more aggressive than the PF females, while the PF females were more aggressive than the AL females. At age 105 days, ZD females were significantly more aggressive than the PF and AL females. There were no differences in aggression between the PF and AL females at 105 days. Among the ZD, PF, and AL male offspring, there were no differences in aggression at either age level except that the 75 day old PF males were significantly less aggressive than the AL males. Thus prenatal malnutrition, especially zinc deficiency, seems to have differential effects on the aggressive tendencies of female and male offspring.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Maternal and fetal response to various suboptimal levels of zinc intake during gestation in the rat.

Some effects of various degrees of zinc deprivation during pregnancy have been examined in dams and offspring. After mating, the dams were fed a biotin enriched, 20% sprayed egg white diet which contained less than 1 ppm zinc. Zinc was provided in the drinking water at one of the following concentrations: 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, or 25 mg/liter. Pups were taken by cesarean section on day 22 of gestation. The dams given insufficient zinc became anorexic, particularly during the latter third of gestation. Anorexia occurred earlier and was most severe at the lowest levels of zinc intake. The decreased food consumption resulted in energy deprivation and at the lowest levels of zinc intake, in protein insufficiency. The total weight gain and rate of weight deposition in the dams were both functions of the level of zinc provided. Fetal growth and extent of zinc deposition into the fetuses were both related to the amount of zinc provided. The responses of dams and fetuses to the extent of zinc deprivation were not equivalent, however. It appeared that there was a sparing of fetal growth at the expense of the dam at very low levels of zinc intake. Conversely, at higher, but still suboptimal levels of zinc, the fetuses still experienced growth retardation although the dams attained a normal weight deposition during gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Zinc deficiency in Crohn's disease.

Zinc nutriture has been studies in 30 patients with Crohn's disease using plasma zinc, hair zinc, and taste acuity as indices. Significant reductions in plasma zinc concentrations and taste acuity were seen in the patient groups as compared with normal controls. Hair zinc content was also generally low with several deficient values encountered among the Crohn's patients. A highly significant correlation between plasma zinc and albumin suggests a possible role of plasma-binding alterations in the depressed plasma zinc levels of patients with Crohn's disease patients and a potential influence on growth and healing in this disease must be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Zinc deficiency in two infants during total parenteral alimentation for diarrhea.

Zinc deficiency was observed in two infants receiving total parenteral alimentation for chronic diarrhea. An acrodermatitis enteropathica-like rash occurred in both of the infants. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from the rash. Treatment with zinc resulted in rapid cure of the rash and a subsidence of other signs consistent with zinc deficiency.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1976

Zinc nutrition in celiac sprue.

Zinc nutritional status was examined in 10 adult patients with biopsy-proven celiac disease; five of these patients were clinically well on gluten-free diets at the time of study. Plasma zinc and taste acuity were used as indices of zinc nutrition. Depression of plasma zinc and lowered taste discrimination were observed among the untreated patients, and some patients who were otherwise in clinical remission also had impaired zinc nutrition. With confirmation of plasma copper depression in patients with celiac sprue, these observations indicate that trace metal deficiency is another common nutritional complication of adult celiac disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Growth retardation and zinc nutrition.

Based on a previous report of a zinc deficiency syndrome in children characterized by low hair zinc, anorexia, poor growth, and hypogeusia, 12 children attending a pediatric endocrinology clinic for growth retardation and judged as having short stature as a variant of normal (SVN) were evaluated as to their zinc nutriture to learn whether zinc deficiency was a contributory factor. None was found to have the above syndrome, although one child did have a hair zinc concentration below 70 mug/g. The mean hair zinc of the SVN subjects was lower than the hair zinc of 40 apparently normal adolescents, 131+/-37 mug/g vs. 168+/-44 mug/g (P less than 0.02), but there was no difference found in plasma levels of zinc or in taste acuity. In contrast, five patients with total growth arrest secondary to juvenile Crohn's disease (CD) were found to have multiple findings consistent with zinc deficiency including low plasma zinc, low hair zinc, or hypogeusia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effect of simultaneous thiamin and riboflavin deficiencies on the determination of transketolase and glutathione reductase.

Thiamin and/or riboflavin status have been assessed in rats simultaneously deprived of both vitamins and subsequently repleated with either one or the other in succession. Undernutrition in control rats was found to depress the activity of the erythrocyte enzymes (transketolase and glutathione reductase, respectively) used to assess status. On the other hand, the activity coefficients obtained by in vitro stimulation of the enzymes with their respective missing cofactors were not suppressed. Therefore the activity coefficients were superior indices of thiamin and riboflavin nutriture compared to the enzyme activities. When activity coefficients were used as the indices of vitamin status there did not appear to be interference from the simultaneous deficiency of the alternate vitamin. Apparent interference was encountered when the enzyme activity itself was used as the criteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Plasma trace metals during total parenteral alimentation.

The plasma concentrations of the trace metals zinc and copper were studied prospectively in 13 patients with gastrointestinal diseases treated with parenteral alimentation (TPA) for periods of from 8 days to 7 1/2 weeks. Plasma copper levels fell rapidly and consistently in all patients, with an overall rate of - 11 mug per 100 ml per week. Zinc concentrations declined in 10 of 13 patients at a more gradual rate. Analysis of the standard parenteral alimentation fluids revealed zinc content equivalent to 50% of the daily requirement and a negligible content of copper. From combined analysis of plasma zinc, hair zinc, and taste acuity, there is evidence that increased utilization or redistribution within the body may effect plasma concentrations in some patients. Neither an increase in urinary excretion nor a primary decrease in plasma binding proteins appeared to be a major factor in lowering plasma trace metal concentrations. These findings indicate that a marked decrease in plasma copper is regular and a decline in plasma zinc is common during TPA using fluids unsupplemented with trace metals. Supplementation of parenteral alimentation fluids with the trace metals zinc and copper is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Nitrogen balance in postoperative patients receiving parenteral nutrition.

Fifteen patients were given parenteral nutrition with hyperosmolar glucose during the postoperative period (days 1 to 5): nine received an average of 10.5 gm of nitrogen and 2,340 kilocalories/day, six were given an average of 5.9 gm of nitrogen and 1,600 kilocalories/day. Eight patients (controls) received no nitrogen and 520 kilocalories/day. The results of this study confirm our early findings that total parenteral nutrition is capable of reversing the negative nitrogen balance of the immediate postoperative period; this reversal depends on administration of adequate nitrogen and calories. In patients with moderate surgical procedures, at least 8 gm of nitrogen and 1,800 kilocalories/day are required to correct the negative nitrogen balance. When total parenteral nutrition is instituted, adequate nitrogen and calories should be given even if insulin is required to control hyperglycemia.

Dietary Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1975

Zinc deficiency during the latter third of pregnancy: effects on fetal rat brain, liver, and placenta.

The effects of zinc deficiency during the last third of gestation on the growth and development of the fetal rat at term were investigated. Zinc deficiency resulted in anorexia and weight loss of the pregnant dams. Fetuses from such dams displayed intrauterine growth retardation when compared with fetuses from pair-fed or ad libitum-fed controls given adequate zinc. Although the brains of the zinc-deficient fetuses were smaller than those of the controls, the brain was relatively spared while the liver was severely affected. The total cell number was reduced and there was an apparent increase in cell size in the brains of zinc-deficient fetuses in comparison with the brains of the controls. The growth failure of the zinc-deficient liver resulted in a smaller complement of total DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid, and there was less incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA in the liver. The placenta appeared to be only marginally affected by the zinc deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Some effects of postnatal zinc deficiency on developing rat brain.

A deficiency of dietary zinc during the suckling period of the rat results in a depression in normal growth, which is, in part, due to the inanition experienced by the dam. The pups from such zinc-deficient dams have smaller forebrains at all of the time intervals investigated in comparison with pups from both zinc-adequate controls. The cell number of the forebrain of the zinc-deficient pup was also reduced in comparison with the zinc-adequate pups. RNA concentration did not appear to be affected, although the total RNA content was reduced because of the smaller brain size. The amount of protein per cell was reduced at 6 and 15 days in the zinc-deficient forebrain and polysomal profiles displayed abnormal distribution of material between monosomes and polysomes in the zinc-deficient brain. Zinc deficiency during the suckling period thus appears to disadvantage the animal in terms of body, brain growth, accretion of cells into the forebrain, and normal protein metabolism.

Age Factors↗