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Biomedical subjects

H Grimm

Publications and source records attributed to H Grimm.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[The light concept].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1984

[Parallel resistance between cephalosporins and penicillins].

Resistance of Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefotaxime, cefoperazone, mezlocillin, azlocillin and piperacillin was induced by 15 culture transfers at subinhibitory concentrations. Information about a possible cross resistance between cephalosporins and penicillins was obtained by determining the MIC's of the five beta-lactam antibiotics studied before and after resistance was induced. The highest homologous resistance is induced in Enterobacter and Ps. aeruginosa by cefotaxime (factors 2021 and 42.2, respectively), and in Klebsiella by cefoperazone (factor 64). The lowest increase in homologous resistance is induced in Ps. aeruginosa by cefoperazone (factor 9.9), and in Enterobacter and Klebsiella by mezlocillin (factor 10.6 and 4.6 respectively). Resistance induced by cephalosporins is often accompanied by resistance to penicillins. Such cross resistance is observed especially in Ps. aeruginosa and Enterobacter. Resistance to cephalosporins is, however, only rarely induced by penicillins. These findings permit the conclusion that the use of all beta-lactam antibiotics may be prohibited by uncritical treatment with cephalosporins. Preference should therefore be given to acylureidopenicillins in primary treatment of emergency cases.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

[Infiltrating injection in the management of post-papillotomy hemorrhages].

Treatment was required in nine cases (1.7%) of haemorrhage after endoscopic sphincterotomy performed in 508 patients during 1981/82. Infiltrations with adrenalin (1: 10 000) and 1% polidocanol solution resulted in immediate arrest of haemorrhages in all cases. The endoscopic intervention could thus be completed successfully without further delay. The haemostatic effect was, without exception, permanent. There were no specific complications or late reactions.

Cholangitis↗
PubMed1983

Criteria for the assessment of susceptibility to ceftazidime using the disc diffusion procedure.

Using regression analyses, we have determined criteria for the assessment of ceftazidime using the agar diffusion test with a 10 micrograms disc. With the ICS procedure, inhibition zones of greater than or equal to 15 mm on Mueller-Hinton agar, greater than or equal to 17 mm on Iso-sensitest agar and greater than or equal to 18 mm on DST agar indicate susceptibility (MIC less than or equal to 16 mg/l). Using the Kirby-Bauer procedure, Mueller-Hinton agar and the same discs, inhibition zones of greater than or equal to 12 mm indicate susceptibility. Minor discrepancies between these results and those found in the literature are due in part to differences in methodology, in particular, however, to differences in the bacteria tested. Mean MIC values for ceftazidime on DST agar were 0.25, 2.83 and 1.0 mg/l, respectively, for the international reference strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.

Agar↗
PubMed1983

Criteria for interpretation of agar diffusion susceptibility tests of norfloxacin performed by the ICS method.

Using regression analysis to correlate MIC values and inhibition zone diameters, an attempt was made to establish criteria for interpreting the results of the agar diffusion test with norfloxacin discs (10 mcg). The test was performed on DST agar in accordance with ICS recommendations. The correlation was moderate (r = -0.8547); the regression equation was x = -0.30y + 15.80, where x was log2 MIC + 9 and y the inhibition zone diameter. The position of the MIC breakpoints of norfloxacin and the distribution of the MIC values of the bacterial population did not permit precise inhibition zone breakpoints to be established. To allow a safety margin it is recommended that for the meantime norfloxacin inhibition zones be interpreted as sensitive from 15 mm onwards.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Susceptibility of bacterial pathogens to cefotetan judged by MIC and disc tests.

The activity of cefotetan was tested against 683 bacterial strains by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations. Comparisons were made with cefoxitin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone and piperacillin. In addition, a regression line analysis was made with cefotetan discs (30 micrograms) using the ICS technique. Cefotetan was noted to have a broader spectrum of activity than cefoxitin and its antibacterial activity was comparable to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam. According to the regression line analysis a cefotetan inhibition zone diameter of greater than or equal 19 mm is interpreted as sensitive in agar diffusion tests.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

In-vitro activity of azlocillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics against enterococci.

The susceptibility of enterococci to 16 beta-lactam antibiotics (5 penicillins, 11 cephalosporins) was evaluated by determining MICs. All cephalosporins are ineffective against these bacteria. Penicillin G should not be used to treat infections with enterococci. For less serious infections due to enterococci, ampicillin is certainly the drug of first choice. Azlocillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin are the most effective drugs to prevent superinfections with enterococci in clinically and bacteriologically defined situations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Criteria for the interpretation of the pipemidic acid agar diffusion test by the Kirby-Bauer method.

The antibiotic sensitivity of 296 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 294 isolates of other species was measured by the agar diffusion test with 20 micrograms pipemidic acid (Deblaston) discs on Mueller-Hinton agar by the Kirby-Bauer method. The correlation between inhibition zone diameter and minimal inhibitory concentration was worked out by regression analysis. In all bacterial species investigated, an inhibition zone of 14 mm or more indicates sensitivity to pipemidic acid. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa an intermediate zone of 11 to 13 mm is recommended.

Diffusion↗
PubMed1983

Sensitivity of enterococci to beta-lactam antibiotics, co-trimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline and doxycycline.

The current sensitivity of enterococci to a total of 20 antibiotics (5 penicillins, 11 cephalosporins, cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole), nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, and doxycycline) was evaluated by determining the respective MICs. Ampicillin is certainly the drug of first choice for the treatment of moderately severe infections due to enterococci. Nitrofurantoin is equally effective in urinary tract infections. Co-trimoxazole is a suitable alternative in the presence of penicillin allergy. Penicillin G and tetracyclines should not be used in enterococcal infections. All cephalosporins presently available are ineffective against these bacteria. In view of the results of in vitro sensitivity test for bacteria, acylureido penicillins should be preferred to cephalosporins in very serious infections and mixed infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Azlocillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin are the most effective drugs to prevent superinfections with enterococci in clinically and bacteriologically defined situations. The combination of these drugs with aminoglycosides is the most effective antibiotic therapy for serious infections known so far. The influence of inoculum density on MIC and MBC values was investigated. The detailed discussion of the laboratory's own results and of the data reported in the literature points to the inadequacies of the test methods which have been used so far.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Emergency measures at the site of the accident from the anesthesiologist's viewpoint].

Within the scope of emergency medicine nearly every arrest of respiration and circulation must be treated in its critical phase by clearing the airways, artificial respiration and external cardiac compression. Chances for a successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be essentially improved, if the lifesaving emergency-treatment is improved by suitable technical measures. Start of an intravenous infusion, suctioning the airways with techniques, insertion of oropharyngeal airways, intratracheal intubation or in special cases coniotomy and transtracheal insufflation improve the chances of oxygenation. Simultaneously must be treated complicating accident effects as pneumothorax and shock. Additional administration and intravenous or intratracheal application of sympathicomimetic drugs, counteraction of acidosis with sodium bicarbonat often are the only possibility to continue successfully the cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In scope of emergency care the electrical external defibrillation is for treatment of fibrillation the best method to be applied.

Accidents↗
PubMed1982

Elevated sister chromatid exchange rate in lymphocytes of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) with cauliflower tumor.

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency and chromosomal aberration were studied in cultured lymphocytes from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) with cauliflower tumors. SCE was significantly increased in the affected fishes compared with normal controls, whereas chromosomal aberration did not. In comparison to normal cells, the lymphocytes responding to phytohemagglutinin M (PHA-M) in cultures from tumorous eels showed no evidence of cell cycle retardation. A possible mechanism for elevation of SCE and the significance of this finding relation to the etiology were discussed.

Anguilla↗