Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Grimm

Publications and source records attributed to H Grimm.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Resistance to aminoglycosides: the situation in the Federal Republic of Germany.

The susceptibility of important pathogens to aminoglycosides was analysed using data from five studies encompassing different patient groups. Enterobacteria were generally sensitive to all modern aminoglycosides without marked differences. The frequency of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenters to gentamicin was 5-15% and to amikacin was 0-3%, and similar values applied for staphylococci. A higher rate of resistance was observed in pathogens isolated from urological patients: for non-fermenters resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin was 24-28%, whereas resistance to amikacin was 12%; and for staphylococci resistance was 33% for gentamicin, 48% for tobramycin and 9% for netilmicin. It is concluded that resistance to aminoglycosides is not an important problem in the Federal Republic of Germany, probably because aminoglycosides are used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics, except in the case of urinary tract infections. Aminoglycosides are still important antibiotics, thus their rational use and constant surveillance are necessary to preserve their efficacy.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1990

[Nutrition and food on youths' hikes in the first 3d of the 20th century].

Based on original papers and diaries of the German scout movement (1900-1933), an extensive survey is given of the information available concerning the nutrition of children and youth in the scout movement and hiking groups. In contrast to the idea that strong sectarian influences affected their nutrition (vegetarianism etc.), the analyses and comparisons do not confirm this assumption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in chronic pancreatitis].

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was performed on eight patients (six men, two women; mean age 46.3 years, range 36-58) with predominantly stone-induced obstructive pancreatitis. Stones in the pancreatic duct were smashed in one session to such an extent that the fragments were eliminated spontaneously via the ostium which had previously been split endoscopically. Repeat lithotripsy to achieve complete removal was necessary in only two patients. In one there were multiple concrements along the entire length of the main pancreatic duct; the other had a cherry-sized stone near the bifurcation of the accessory pancreatic duct. There were no serious complications. After successful removal of the stones all patients were free of pain which before had required strong analgesics to control. Six patients remained pain-free during a follow-up period of two eight months. Pain again occurred in the other two, but it was less frequent and milder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hydration structure in natural DNA observed by thermal neutron scattering.

Films of highly oriented Na- and LiDNA showing the typical X-ray diffraction patterns for the A-, B-, and C-conformation have been investigated by elastic and quasielastic neutron scattering. Information concerning the question of the DNA-water interaction has been obtained by varying the parameters H2O/D2O contrast, humidity, and temperature. Main observations are: A coexistence of one- and three-dimensionally correlated DNA which shifts towards the one-dimensionally correlated C-conformation for high humidity; a coexistence of A-, B-, and C-conformation for NaDNA with a similar humidity dependence; a factor of two increase between the average degree of localization of water hydrogens compared with DNA hydrogens at 75% r.h. for NaDNA; a strong water contribution to layer peaks which are close to the susceptibility maximum of water; a strong temperature dependence of the axial repeat distance for C-DNA; broad quasielastic spectra around the inverse of this distance. The observations are interpreted in terms of a competition between finite three-dimensional correlation and an optimized spatial resonance of nearly one-dimensionally correlated DNA with the correlation of bulk water. The observations are compatible with the concept of water spine formation (Dickerson 1983). The interpretation emphasizes the dynamic character of this mechanism in the region of nearly one-dimensionally correlated DNA.

DNA↗
PubMed1989

[In-vitro activity of enoxacin: a multicenter study].

The in vitro activity of enoxacin was tested in 14 German microbiological centers shortly after the introduction of the drug in Germany. 2748 unselected clinical isolates including 15 bacterial species were analysed using microtiter plates. The MIC90-values were as follows: Staphylococcus aureus 4 mg/l, Enterococcus faecalis 16 mg/l, Enterobacteriaceae 0.5 mg/l, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 mg/l. There is good correlation between these results and those of former investigations. It is known that quinolones are only moderately active against enterococci. 8.5% of S. aureus, and 1.4% of Enterobacteriaceae were found to be resistant (MIC greater than 4 mg/l). As to P. aeruginosa, the study revealed that despite a generally low rate of resistance in specific clinical settings, specific problems can arise: in one institution, the MIC90 of P. aeruginosa was 32 mg/l, with a resistance rate of 56.1% (n = 57). In the other centers the MIC90 was 2 mg/l and the resistance rate 5.0% (n = 302). In the first center, many of the isolates were from paraplegic patients or patients with cystic fibrosis pretreated with quinolones. This study will be repeated in two years' time in order to determine an eventual change in resistance.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

New modalities for treating chronic pancreatitis.

Over the last few years, a new method, neither medical nor surgical, has been developed for treating often difficult-to-treat chronic pancreatitis. In the case of obstructive pancreatitis, endoscopy permits both drainage and calculus extraction. Even encrusted concrements and calcifications can be removed from the pancreatic duct with the aid of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. The first aim is to relieve pain by restoring a free flow of secretion. Perhaps the use of endoscopic treatment in the early stages will break the vicious circle of chronic inflammation and ultimate gland destruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Contribution of endosonography to preoperative staging in esophageal and stomach cancer].

A total number of 113 patients with gastroesophageal cancer (47 esophageal cancer, 66 gastric cancer) were examined by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). The depth of tumor infiltration in the wall, involvement of lymph nodes and spread to adjacent organs were the features particularly stressed on. 61 patients (46 with gastric cancer, 15 with esophageal cancer) underwent radical resection thus enabling a comparative study with the histological findings. The accuracy rate of EUS in determining the depth of infiltration was 85% in esophageal cancers and 77% in gastric cancers. Regarding involvement of lymph nodes, EUS was accurate in 80% of esophageal cancers and in 87% of gastric cancers, whereas CT scan was accurate in 47% and 43% respectively. For detecting spread to adjacent organs EUS was also more accurate than CT scan.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[10 years' experience with endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophagogastric varices].

We report on our 10 years' experience in endoscopic sclerotherapy. A total of 1054 patients (90% of them with liver cirrhosis) were treated. During the first seven years (1978-1985) the hospital mortality of the bleeders was 31.5%. During the last three years after the introduction of tissue adhesive the mortality rate has falling to 14.5%. The rate of patients with late recurrent hemorrhages sank from 16.6 to 7.8%. This improvement of the results is in our opinion due to the more sufficient control of bleeding and treatment of fundic varices. The sclerotherapy in the interval has an overall hospital mortality of 5-6% (for all patients regardless the Child-classification). Perforations occurred in less than 1% and stenoses requiring bougienage in 2-3%. The cumulative survival curve shows that after 10 years about 40% of the patients are still alive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Bilio-duodenal jejunum interposition as a technical alternative to Roux-Y reconstruction following reconstruction of cancer of the fork of the hepatic duct].

The inability to predict preoperatively whether resection will result in tumorfree or at least tumorinfiltrated margins, represents one essential problem in surgical treatment of central bile duct carcinoma. In a certain number of cases the operation ends with a tumorinfiltrated biliodigestive anastomosis usually performed in a Roux-en-Y-technique. In those cases early tumor recurrence is predictable, but any follow-up and treatment by endoscopic methods (laser resection, pigtail drainage) are inhibited by the long jejunal limb of the Roux-en-Y-reconstruction. Therefore we changed our operative procedure in patients with central bile duct carcinomas performing the reconstruction of intestinal bile drainage by a cholangio-duodenal interposition of a 25 cm jejunal segment. This technique now allows endoscopic reintervention in cases of recurrent tumors or benign strictures of the anastomosis which is demonstrated.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1988

Transnasal fixation of the esophageal prosthesis.

We present a simple technique for the fixation of esophageal tubes. The endoprosthesis is anchored to a thin polyethylene catheter which is passed transnasally and attached to the ear. This method of treatment effectively prevents dislodgement. It is also suitable for placing a tube into the esophagus when the stenosis essential for anchorage is absent, for example in large fistulae, perforations, or suture dehiscence.

Esophagus↗
PubMed1988

[Surgical therapy of cancer of the hepatic duct bifurcation].

We report about the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in 62 cases of Klatskin tumors operated during the last 5 years. In most patients the definite treatment consisted either of primary endoscopic drainage of the bile ducts or of a secondary endoscopic drainage after explorative laparotomy. Only one third of the patients could be operated in curative intention. Operative procedures included local tumor resections as well as a central bile duct resection combined with hemihepatectomy. The main problem in these operations is to avoid a biliodigestive anastomosis with tumor infiltrated bile ducts, because these patients would have been better treated endoscopically. After extended preoperative diagnostic procedures including CT-scan, ultrasound, ERCP and angiography in most cases the criteria for irresectability can be defined and unnecessary operative interventions can be avoided.

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗