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Biomedical subjects

H Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to H Goldstein.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Acquired myopia in 11-year-old children.

Children who had acquired myopia by the age of 11 years were identified from a nationally representative sample. There were no overall sex differences in its occurrence but myopia was more common in children from non-manual families than in those from manual families. Short-sighted children were more likely to come from small families and to be of higher birth order than children with normal vision, and these associations held within each social class. At 11 years myopic children showed striking advantages in educational performance over their normal-sighted peers, as judged by tests of reading, arithmetic, and general ability. After adjustments had been made for social background, this age gain still amounted to over one year. Findings obtained at 7 years of age showed that superior educational attainments were already apparent before the onset of myopia. Children with myopia read in their leisure time more often than normally sighted children, but despite the visual impairment, they participated in outdoor sports as often as other children.

Child↗
PubMed1977

General revenue sharing funds for the health care of mothers and children.

In a study of the use of General Revenue Sharing (GRS) funds by the states and by cities of 100,000 and over in the United States for fiscal years 1973 and 1974, we found that few states and large cities allocated or requested GRS funds for Maternal and Child Health (MCH), Crippled Children (CC), and related services. One third of the states and cities reported suggestions for use of GRS funds for MCH, CC, and related services.

Child↗
PubMed1976

The clinical course of diabetic nephropathy.

A retrospective record analysis of 112 juvenile-onset diabetics with nephropathy was conducted in order to determine their clinical course. The mean duration of diabetes at the onset of proteinuria was 17.3+/-6.0 years. Early renal failure appeared two years after the onset of protein-uria, and severe renal failure (mean serum creatinine level, 8.5+/-3.9 mg/100 ml) four years after the onset of proteinuria. The mean duration of life after the onset of severe renal failure was six months. The mortality was 53%, with 59% of the deaths attributable to renal failure and 36% to cardiovascular disease. All patients experienced progressive deterioration of renal function as well as the other complications of diabetes, the rate of progression being accelerated toward the end of the course. Juvenile onset diabetics should be considered for renal transplantation before the serum creatinine level reaches 8.5 mg/100 ml.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

New systems for dental maturity based on seven and four teeth.

An updated system for estimating dental maturity is presented. It extends the original system (Demirjian et al., 1973) based on radiographs of 7 teeth by including two extra stages, and by enlarging the standardizing sample to include 2407 boys and 2349 girls. Percentile standards from ages 2-5 to 17-0 years are presented separately for boys and girls. Scoring systems and percentile standards are presented for two different sets of 4 teeth and a comparison of all three systems is made. It is suggested that these systems may measure somewhat different aspects of dental maturity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The status of infant mortality in Sweden and the United States.

A study was made of live birth rates, infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death rates, late fetal death ratios, and perinatal death ratios for Sweden and the United States for selected years, 1950-1973. Sweden has lower live birth rates, infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death rates, as well as lower perinatal death ratios. Data available on low-birth-weight live births for selected years, 1959-1970, for both countries indicated that rates in the United States were almost twice those in Sweden. Implications of these findings for the United States are discussed in light of the quantity, quality, and delivery of health care services, as well as of other factors in Sweden.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1975

The 1972 Cuban national child growth study as an example of population health monitoring: design and methods.

A stratified 3-stage random sample of 50 360 children ages 0-19 drawn from the whole population of Cuba was measured in a large-scale growth study during 1972-73. Fifteen anthropometric measurements were taken and puberty stages and menarche status were assessed. Hand-wrist radiographs were done on 10% of the sample. Information regarding the social and education status of the parents was obtained and parental heights were measured. One year later, 30% of the sample were re-measured and 10% re-X-rayed. The overall response rate was 96% at pre-school and primary school age, and a lettle less later. Quality control sessions were held at which the nine measuring teams compared results. No significant differences were found between teams working different parts of the island. Differences between duplicate measurements of stature by individual measurers had standard deviations approximating 0.20 cm. Individual measurers' means differed from the grand means of all measurers by up to +/- 0.2 cm for stature, +/- 0.4 cm for sitting height and +/- 0.5 mm (7% of mean) for triceps skinfold. One or more measurements lay outside the 3rd-97th centile limits in 21% of individuals. Scrutiny of these individuals' records resulted in elimination of measurements in amounts ranging from 0.1% (triceps skinfold) to 1.1% (crown-rump length). Problems of planning and execution of growth surveys designed to set national standards are described, and solutions given or suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Patterns of infant and early childhood mortality in the California Project of a collaborative Inter-American Study.

The California Project of the Inter-American Investigation of Mortality in Childhood was carried out in San Francisco and three surrounding counties in 1969 and 1970. The study found infant death rates of 18.5 per 1,000 live births in San Francisco and 17.2 per 1,000 live births in the three counties. Mortality in the neonatal period (the first 28 days of life) accounted for two-thirds of these deaths. Low birth-weitht played a key role in neonatal mortality, one that was particularly marked during the first day of life. Overall, the study found that 77.7 per cent of the neonatal fatalities and 85.6 percent of those dying in the first day of life weighed 2,500 grams or less at birth. Mortality was also very high among infants of mothers under 20 and over 34 years of age., the risks being especially great in the case of young mothers. Moreover, the vast majority of babies that were born to young mothers and died the first day had very low birth-weights. It is therefore concluded that young mothers ran a relatively high risk of having low birth weight babies prone to dying in the first day of life. This demonstrates a clear need for special measures capable of reducing the health risk faced by both young mothers and their children. Besides providing a more detailed explanation of these points, the authors recommend various specific measures that should be taken and present data obtained by the California Project on other aspects of mortality among infants and preschool children 1-4 years of age

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Child health care in the United States: expenditures and extent of coverage with selected comprehensive services.

This paper summarizes pertinent data on national health expenditures for children and youth. In fiscal year 1972, the average expenditure per child per year for health care from all sources in the United States was $147 for children and youth under 19 years of age, an amount 15% above that for the children and youth projects ($128 per child per year). The extent of coverage of children and youth, even those in high-priority groups, is still very restricted. Some implications are suggested for future planning for the use of existing funds currently available for the health care of children and youth.

Adolescent↗