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Biomedical subjects

H Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to H Goldstein.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Facilitating generalized requesting behavior in Broca's aphasia: an experimental analysis of a generalization training procedure.

The effects of a generalization training procedure on requesting by 4 subjects with chronic Broca's aphasia were examined using a multiple baseline design across behaviors and subjects. Subjects were trained to request information on three topics sequentially. Generalization across topics and persons was assessed in weekly probe sessions consisting of 5-min conversational interactions with trainers and unfamiliar volunteers in a nontreatment setting. Results revealed generalization effects were greatest when trainers, as opposed to unfamiliar volunteers, served as conversational participants. Nevertheless, subjects' requests increased with all conversational participants to a level comparable to a normal comparison group assessed under conditions identical to the experimental probes. Social validation of treatment effects using a subjective evaluation procedure revealed significant improvement on the parameters of talkativeness, inquisitiveness, and conversational success.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1989

Generalized language learning by children with severe mental retardation: effects of peers' expressive modeling.

In this study, we investigated the conditions that contribute to observational learning of generalized language in children with severe mental retardation. Matrix-training strategies were used to teach 6 children with mental retardation to combine known words into two- or three-word utterances consistent with syntactic rules. Subsequently, the children learned two or more unknown words concurrently, inducing word-referent relations consistent with these word order rules. Generalized learning of responses not taught directly was shown to be under experimental control using a multiple baseline design across submatrices. Expressive modeling of only four or five responses was sufficient to promote recombinative generalization in the expressive and receptive modalities. Thus, 95% to 98% of subjects' learning was attributed to generalization processes. This study demonstrates how the efficiency of language training with children with mental retardation might be enhanced by coupling observational learning and matrix-training strategies.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Pubertal growth of the cephalometric point gnathion: multilevel models for boys and girls.

Two-level polynomial models are used to summarize the amount Sella-Gnathion (S-Gn) and direction Nasion-Sella-Gnathion (N-S-Gn) of growth changes for the cephalometric landmark gnathion. Growth descriptions pertain to a mixed longitudinal sample of 209 French-Canadian children 10-15 years of age. The boy's growth curve attains mean minimum prepubertal velocity at 10.8 years and maximum pubertal velocity at 14.1 years. The girl's curve follows a cubic pattern, attaining maximum pubertal velocity at 12.1 years. Boys are larger than girls throughout the age range. Variation between-subjects increases with age in a curvilinear fashion. Growth direction of gnathion is more horizontally directed for girls than boys. Small but significant changes in growth direction occur between 10 and 15 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Production of phagocytosis-inducing factor and expression of 4B4 antigen by cloned human T cells before and after transformation with HTLV-I.

The characteristics of 4 T-cell clones, each capable of producing phagocytosis-inducing factor (PIF), were compared before and after transformation with human T-lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV-I). Before transformation, the four clones produced PIF transiently after stimulation with antigen or mitogen and expressed the phenotype T3(CD3)+, T4(CD4)+, T8(CD8)-, 4B4+, and 2H4-; the three clones that could be studied also expressed the OKT17 marker. After transformation, the cells expressed the same phenotypic markers, except for two clones that lost the CD3 antigen. The clones that were available for study before and after transformation also expressed the antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody 5/9. In addition, all clones secreted PIF constitutively after transformation. These characteristics of the four transformed T-cell clones closely resembled those of three long-term HTLV-I-transformed T-cell lines, HUT-102, C5/MJ, and MT-2, which also produced PIF constitutively and expressed the CD4 and 4B4, but not 2H4, markers. In addition, two other HTLV-I-transformed lines generated in the present study produced PIF constitutively. Since all nine HTLV-I transformed cell lines and all four untransformed clones secreted PIF, and since our previous studies have shown that only approximately 20% of CD4+ peripheral blood lymphocytes secrete PIF, these results suggest that HTLV-I may preferentially transform PIF-secreting CD4+ lymphocytes. The predominant 4B4+, 5/9+, 2H4- phenotype (characteristic of antigen-responsive T cells) of the untransformed and transformed clones as well as the long-term HTLV-I-transformed lines also suggests that the subset of CD4+ lymphocytes that proliferates in response to soluble antigen may be especially susceptible to transformation with this virus.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1988

Menarche, menstruation, sexual relations and contraception of adolescent females with Down syndrome.

Fifteen female adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) and 33 female controls without this syndrome were surveyed on age of menarche, menstruation, sexual relations and contraception. All probands and controls were born between 1 January 1965 and 31 December 1970. The day of census was December 31, 1985. All probands and controls were living permanently in the Danish county of Aarhus on this day. Persons close to the DS patients (parents/foster-parents/permanent staff) were interviewed on the above-mentioned topics. All controls were interviewed themselves. The average age of menarche was 13.6 years for probands and 13.5 years for controls. The average duration of the bleeding was 5.5 days for probands and 5.4 days for controls. The average length of the cycle was 28.3 days for probands and 28.6 days for controls. Thirteen DS patients had not had sexual intercourse (no information was available for 2 probands). Twenty-four controls had and 9 had not had sexual intercourse. There is a significant difference between probands and controls concerning use of oral and other contraceptives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Living conditions of an adult population with Down's syndrome.

The living conditions of 38 patients with Down's Syndrome in the Danish county of Aarhus were investigated. All patients were born January 1, 1934 to December 31, 1943. The mean age on July 1, 1984 was 45.7 years, 23 patients (60.5%) were male, 15 (39.5%) female. On census day, December 31, 1984, 82% lived in institutions, 13% in private homes (parents/siblings), and 5% in sheltered residences with other mentally handicapped patients. Out of the 31 institutionalized patients, 21 (68%) lived in old-style institutions. The rest lived in hostels or nursing homes. During part of or the whole year of 1984, 23 (61%) patients worked in sheltered workshops. Seven (18%) had no daily occupation during 1984, and the rest had some sort of occupation. Twenty-seven patients (71%) attended evening classes during 1984, and 36 patients (95%) attended some type of recreation or entertainment in the same year. More than half of the patients got outside their permanent residence at least twice a week (work excluded). During 1984, 27 out of 33 patients living in institutions or in sheltered residences got an average of 15.3 visits, and an averaged 16.7 phone-calls were made to the staff to hear about the well being of 15 out of the 33 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Rates and survival of individuals with trisomy 13 and 18. Data from a 10-year period in Denmark.

Rates and survival figures for trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 have been calculated for Denmark (DK) based on a 10-year period (1977-86). The data have been ascertained through The Danish Central Cytogenetic Register, all cytogenetic laboratories in DK, paediatric departments throughout the country. The Medical Birth Register and The Register of Causes of Death in DK. Nineteen liveborn probands with trisomy 13 and 76 liveborn probands with trisomy 18 were found. No stillborn cases with trisomy 13 but 6 with trisomy 18 were found. By prenatal diagnosis 19 probands with trisomy 13 and 46 with trisomy 18 were found. Based on liveborn and stillborn probands, the prevalence at birth was 1 per 29,374 for trisomy 13 and 1 per 6806 for trisomy 18. The median survival for trisomy 13 was 2.5 days, while the same figure for trisomy 18 was 6.0 days. The rates calculated seem rather low compared to earlier studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Utilisation of health services over a one-year period by an adult population with Down syndrome.

The utilisation of health services over a one-year period by an adult population of 38 probands with Down Syndrome (DS) (23 males 60.5% and 15 females 39.5%) in the Danish County of Aarhus (CA) was surveyed. All patients were born between 1 January 1934 and 31 December 1943, mean age 45.7 years. Prevalence: 0.056% on day of census: 31 December 1984. Several additional diseases and handicaps were found, including four patients with seizures, three with endocrine dysfunctions, three with eye diseases and three with hearing disorders. This is in accordance with other papers, revealing such disorders among DS-probands. On the average, each patient sees his or her regular doctor six times a year. Various specialists are seen in private practice and out-patient clinics. The use of bed-days by the 38 probands is significantly higher than the non-DS-patients of the county, also with special conditions taken into consideration. Twenty-four patients (63%) received dental care during 1984. Patients living in an institution with its own dental clinic do not see a dentist more often than patients getting their dental care from dentists in private practice. It is concluded that the present study states minimum figures and that adults with DS utilise health services more frequently than the background population. This is due to the findings of many additional diseases and handicaps among this aging group.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Utilisation of health services over a one-year period by an adolescent population with Down syndrome.

The utilisation of health services during a one-year period by an adolescent population with Down Syndrome (DS) was surveyed and compared to controls of the same age-group and same geographical area. The probands comprised 28 males (65%) and 15 females (35%). The controls comprised 22 males (40%) and 33 females (60%). Mean age: 17.6 years for probands and 17.4 years for controls. Day of census, 31 December 1985. Chronic diseases or conditions were found to be significantly more frequent among probands than among controls. Controls visited their general practitioner significantly more frequently than the probands, who utilised the services of practising specialists significantly more frequently than controls. DS individuals received significantly more dental care than did controls. Altogether, probands utilise the secondary health services more frequently than controls. The question of sufficient secondary health services for DS-adolescents is discussed, but no conclusion can be drawn from the results of the present study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Determinants of hospital cost and length of stay for patients undergoing electrophysiologic testing.

To assess the effects of various clinical factors in determining the cost and length of stay in patients undergoing electrophysiologic testing for cardiac arrhythmias, the hospital cost and length of stay data were reviewed in 222 consecutive inpatients who underwent electrophysiologic testing from January 1 to December 31, 1984. Admissions were classified as: primarily for treatment of arrhythmias (171 patients); primarily for treatment of arrhythmias but with serious concurrent illnesses that prolonged hospitalization (43 patients); or primarily for nonarrhythmic problems with electrophysiologic study an incidental part of hospitalization (8 patients). Based on allowable length of stay for the applicable DRGs, actual hospitalizations exceeded Medicare allowable length of stay by 50 to 500%. Retrospective review of hospital charts indicated that 3 clinical factors serve as effective markers in determining length of stay: need for amiodarone, induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF), and presence of serious other medical problems that require stabilization before electrophysiologic testing. Our data indicate that 3 classes of patients can be identified: I. DRG A (45%)--those who did not have sustained VT or VF induced, did not require amiodarone and had no serious concurrent illnesses. The mean length of stay was 7.1 days. II. DRG B patients (21%)--those who had sustained VT or VF induced, but did not require amiodarone and had no serious concurrent illnesses. The mean length of stay was 13.7 days. III. DRG C patients (34%)--those who either had a serious concurrent illness or required amiodarone. The mean length of stay was 19.7 days. This classification schema might allow a more appropriate system for determining reimbursement.

Amiodarone↗
PubMed1987

Functional and biochemical characterization of B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) produced by an HTLV-I-transformed human T-cell clone and demonstration of specific binding of the factor to a BCDF responsive cell line.

We have previously described YA2, a human T-cell clone that secretes B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) but not B-cell growth factor (BCGF). The BCDFs secreted by YA2 and HTLV-I-transformed YA2 (TYA2) were functionally similar in their ability to stimulate Ig secretion by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I-activated B cells and IgM secretion by SKW6.4 cells. In addition, they were biochemically similar with a MW of 30 kDa by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) sieving, and a pI of 6.0-6.8 by isoelectric focusing. The BCDF activity was not blocked by antibodies to interleukin 2 and BCGF. BCDF was purified from TYA2 supernatant by sequential media protein immunoadsorption, flat bed isoelectric focusing, HPLC TSK 2000 sieving, and repeated immunoadsorption and was then iodinated. The iodinated material had functional BCDF activity and migrated to a single band at MW 30 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and at pI of 6.8 by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. 125I-BCDF purified in this manner bound specifically to a BCDF-responsive cell line and not to phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells. 125I binding to the BCDF-responsive cell line was competitively inhibitable by the addition of cold BCDF. Thus we have purified and characterized a factor with BCDF activity and demonstrated that this factor binds specifically to a BCDF-responsive cell line.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1987

Acquisition and extension of syntactic repertoires by severely mentally retarded youth.

This study investigated the conditions that contribute to generalized language learning in severely mentally retarded children. Matrix-training strategies were used to teach three mentally retarded children syntactic rules for combining known words into two- and three-word utterances. The children applied these rules subsequently to learn unknown words. Generalized learning of responses not taught directly was shown to be under experimental control using a multiple baseline design across submatrices. Training only a limited number of responses was sufficient to promote recombinative generalization in the trained modality and transfer to untrained responses in the opposite modality. Teaching receptive and expressive language responses while simultaneously promoting untrained responding through matrix training provides an economical and efficient training approach for mentally retarded individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Multiple cardiac myxomas with multiple recurrences: unusual presentation of a "benign" tumor.

A 20-year-old woman with a two-week history of palpitations and constitutional symptoms was found to have right atrial and left ventricular myxomas. The myxomas were excised, but the patient had two recurrences of the tumor in the left atrium four and a half years after the initial presentation. The recurrent myxoma was locally aggressive, and removal required excision of the aortic valve. This patient demonstrates the need for careful follow-up for recurrences of myxoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cytopathic liver injury in acute delta virus hepatitis.

Hepatitis delta-virus (the delta-agent) is now recognized as a cause of acute hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hosts. This report describes the clinical course and liver biopsy histopathology of acute delta-hepatitis in a young American woman with presumed chronic hepatitis B infection. The liver biopsy specimen features included severe cytotoxic and cytopathic hepatocellular damage, small droplet vacuolar liver cell degeneration, and few parenchymal inflammatory cells, lesions resembling epidemic delta-hepatitis in Venezuelan Indians and experimental chimpanzee delta-superinfection. This case suggests that this form of cytopathic liver injury is an important morphologic expression of delta-virus hepatitis that deserves wider diagnostic recognition.

Acute Disease↗