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Biomedical subjects

H Gin

Publications and source records attributed to H Gin.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Prevention of post-operative infections in urologic surgery. Comparative study of cotrimoxazole and cefazolin].

The main point of this study resides in comparing the efficiency and the disadvantages of using cefazoline and cotrimoxazole in the prevention of post-surgery infections of the low urinary tract. 91 patients who were about to undergo urologic surgery were divided in three groups for randomisation. 31 patients received 500 mg of intramuscular cefazoline every eight hours, the day before surgery, the day of surgery and five days following surgery. 30 others received 800 mg of intramuscular sulfametoxazole and 160 mg of trimetoprime every 12 hours during the same lapse of time. The third group of 30 patients did not receive any antibiotics. Age, sex, clinical pathology needing surgery and indwelling catheter were the same in the three groups. The group treated by cefazoline, presented 5 post surgery infections among which 3 transitory fevers and 2 isolated bacteriurias. In the group treated by cotrimoxazole, there were 7 post surgery infections among which 3 fevers and 4 isolated bacteriurias. Tolerance in both cases was similar. In the control group, there were 19 post-surgery infections with 2 cases of sepsis, 14 transitory fevers and 3 isolated bacteriurias. These results show the importance of antibiotic prophylaxy in urologic surgery of the low genital tract whether the patient has a urethral catheter or not and whatever the type of urologic surgery. But, there is no significant difference between cefazoline and cotrimoxazole.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Metformin reduces post-prandial insulin needs in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: assessment by the artificial pancreas.

It has been suggested that biguanides should be used in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in order to diminish insulin requirements and reduce the chances of insulin reactions. The efficacy of these compounds in such patients has been controversial. We have studied the effect of metformin (850 mg) given at 08.00 h in diminishing insulin needs after a 60 g carbohydrate mixed meal taken at 12.00 h, using an artificial pancreas and a sequential analysis of the results. The morning test dose of metformin or placebo was preceded by 48 h treatment with metformin (850 mg twice daily) or placebo. After the eighth patient a 26% saving of insulin need was demonstrated in the metformin-treated group (p less than 0.01). Metformin is thus effective in reducing post-prandial insulin needs in Type 1 diabetic patients, although its use in such circumstances requires consideration of several other issues.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Venous plethysmography: measuring techniques and normal values.

A fixed procedure of strain gauge plethysmography in a control population aged between 20-30 years allows normal values for venous parameters (venous distensibility, emptying, and resistance) and capillary filtration coefficient, to be determined. High speed recording reveals two phases in venous emptying, one passive, purely elastic, and a second active phase, resulting from venous constriction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Panic attack caused by biguanides].

We report the case of a patient born in 1923 who had been treated with metformin since 1977 and experienced panic attacks. Lactic acid levels, measured during an attack for the first time since metformin was prescribed, were found to be elevated on two occasions. Metformin was discontinued, and during a 9-month follow-up period the patient was free from any psychiatric disorder. The role of lactic acid in the triggering of panic attacks is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resting energy expenditure in uremic, diabetic, and uremic diabetic subjects.

We compared Harris and Benedict [H & B; Harris, J. A., & Benedict, F. G. (1919). A biometric study of basal metabolism in man. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington. p. 279.] predicted resting energy expenditure (REE) to values measured by indirect calorimetry in normal, uremic, diabetic, and uremic diabetic subjects. Predicted REE were overestimated (+9.2%, P<.005) in uremic subjects, and underestimated (-8.5%, P<.0001) in diabetic subjects. Uremic diabetic subjects were submitted to the opposite influences of diabetes and uremia on REE. Differences in body composition (lower fat-free mass in uremia and higher fat-free mass in diabetes) played a major role in these influences. In uremic diabetic subjects, predicted REE seemed well fitted to measured REE (biases <2%), but they were less correlated, and limits of agreement between predicted and measured REE were large. Although their mean REE seems normal, prediction by the H&B equation leads to important individual errors in uremic diabetic subjects: direct measurement of energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry may be helpful to precise the adequate energy content of a diet for these subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Agarose encapsulation of islets of Langerhans: reduced toxicity in vitro.

The physical and chemical properties of agarose have been exploited for encapsulation of islets of Langerhans. Formation of microcapsules by extrusion of a hydrophilic polymer (agarose) into a hydrophobic solution created an interface to which an immunoprotective membrane could be polymerized. The substances and procedure used were devoid of cellular toxicity. Islet function in vitro was found to be normal.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of responsiveness to glucose of microencapsulated islets of Langerhans after three weeks' implantation in the rat--influence of the complement.

Microencapsulated islets of Langerhans retrieved from peritoneal cavity of rats three weeks after implantation had a reduced hormonal secretion and were no longer responsive to alterations in glucose levels. Activation of complement could not completely account for the observed fibrosis which was thought to be responsible for the loss of responsiveness of the encapsulated cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro diffusion in polyacrylamide embedded agarose microbeads.

125I Sodium iodide, 125I insulin, 125I albumin, and 111indium IGG were employed to investigate release from, and penetration of different sized molecules into agarose/polyacrylamide microcapsules. The microcapsules were formed by photopolymerization of an acrylamide solution round agarose beads. The indium-chelated antibody gave a particular low background count. The different release times were explained in terms of differences in diffusion coefficient. By retarding in vitro penetration of antibodies, these microcapsules could be of value for the encapsulation of living cells in bioartificial organs.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peritoneal exudates from microencapsulated rat islets of Langerhans xenografted mice presenting characteristics of potentially cytotoxic non-specific inflammation.

Grafted polyacrylamide microencapsulated islets of Langerhans in the peritoneal cavity of mice did not survive more than a few days, perhaps owing to a non-specific inflammatory reaction or an immune rejection. To assess the two hypotheses, we used flow cytometry (FACS) to analyse cell populations of empty or islet-loaded microcapsules grafted in the peritoneal cavity of mice, and performed cytotoxic assays with proteases secreted by inflammatory cells. An immune rejection did not seem to occur, but the degree of inflammation could explain the short life of the grafts.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensory nerve area measurements in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Sensory nerve potential area measurements may reflect the properties of underlying nerve fibres better than amplitude or conduction velocity measures. The terminal segment of the sensory curve may contain activity of regenerating nerve fibres. The reliability of area measurements of sensory potentials obtained with surface recording techniques is unknown. We scanned sural nerve sensory potential curves and measured the areas under different parts of the curve in 52 reference and 73 diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) patients. The variability of repeat testing in reference subjects for total area was 12% and for the terminal segmental area (TSA) was 19%. In DPN patients, the total area variability was 17% and TSA variability was 24%. This compares to amplitude variability of 8% in reference subjects and 10% in patients with DPN. These results demonstrate that sensory potential area measurements are feasible, but highly variable. We conclude that current clinical trials do not include sufficient numbers of patients to show change in area measurements, particularly the area under the terminal segment of the curve.

Diabetic Neuropathies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Action profile of a semisynthetic human isophane zinc insulin compared with customary isophane insulin].

Addition of zinc to a protamine-isophane insulin should probably allow to lengthen its duration of action. Therefore we compared the action of this new type of insulin (NPH Zn) with that of a classical protamine-isophane NPH insulin (NPH); both were manufactured by the same firm. Five healthy volunteers were connected to an artificial pancreas. 0.6 U/Kg of insulin was injected subcutaneously in the low left quarter of the abdominal wall. Insulin action was monitored by the glucose needs delivered by the artificial pancreas working in euglycemic glucose clamp mode. Each insulin were tested in every subject at a ten day interval. The peak plasma insulin levels were observed after 2 h 30 for the NPH insulin (40 +/- 17 microU/ml) and after 3 h (47 +/- 22 microU/ml) for the NPH Zn insulin. The glucose needs reached their top levels after 2 hours (102 +/- 19 mg.kg-1 x 15 min-1) for NPH insulin and after 3 hours (98 +/- 28 mg.kg-1 x 15 min-1) for NPH Zn; the glucose needs decreased on a parallel way for both insulins but a one hour delay for NPH Zn insulin was observed. Addition of zinc to isophane NPH insulin slightly modifies the pharmacokinecinetic parameters, moving forward one hour in the glucose delivery.

Adult↗