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H Geldermann

Publications and source records attributed to H Geldermann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Variants within the 5'-flanking region and the intron I of the bovine growth hormone gene.

In order to identify DNA variants potentially involved in the regulation of the expression of the bovine growth hormone gene, the 5'-flanking, the 5'-untranslated and the signal peptide coding regions of 15 cows (four German Friesian, two German Simmental, two Jersey, two Galloway, two Scottish Highland, two Charolais and one Ceylon Dwarf Zebu) were analysed. For each animal a region of about 1.2 kb was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Six sites of variable nucleotides were identified in the 5'-flanking region of the gene and one in the intron I. Some of these variable sites are also potential binding sites for trans-acting factors (CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), polyoma virus enhancer A binding protein 3 (PEA3), thyroid hormone response element (TRE)) and therefore possibly involved in the expression of the growth hormone gene. PCR amplification of specific alleles (PASA) tests for two of the sites (G2, G3) were established and the genotypes for these variants were analysed in 190 cows. The frequencies of the C alleles of the sites G2 and G3 were 0.63 and 0.76, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Analysis of gene effects on performance characteristics].

In farm animals, associations between individually identified genotypes and the values of performance traits were investigated since more than 30 years. The topic of research was largely determined by the Veterinary Institute of the University of Göttingen. For the experimental analysis of gene loci, for which allelic variants are connected with alterations of trait values, new techniques of DNA diagnostic were of crucial significance. Thereby, two approaches of analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be distinguished. By considering informative groups of animals, the first approach uses marker loci in order to trace the inheritance of their alleles and thus simultaneously the transfer of specific chromosome sections to individuals of the offspring generation. By this manner, the associations between the marked chromosome regions and trait values are calculated. Results are shown for examples from experiments with milk performance in cattle and with fatting and carcass traits in pigs. In the second approach, genetic effects of trait values are assigned to distinct genes or gene clusters. For this purpose, variants of the gene structure are identified and then analysed for their effects on the formation of specific trait values. As an example of such a functional analysis of single gene positions, the milk protein coding genes in cattle are given. From the data we see that DNA techniques allow a direct access to genotypic information and so far-reaching potential for tracing back effects on trait values to single nucleotide differences. However, such a functional analysis need specific test systems which are able to consider the complex net work between single gene effects and the multifactorially caused values of performance traits. This will be possible by proceedings, which identify the gene effects in vivo and the balancing forces of haplotype combinations in populations. Genetic parameters of such investigations are needed for farm animal populations before variants of genotypes are applied for breeding.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Porcine (GT)n sequences: structure and association with dispersed and tandem repeats.

Loci containing (GT)n repeats were isolated from three different plasmid libraries with inserts of porcine genomic DNA between 140 and 200, 200 and 300, and 350 and 400 bp. Sequencing showed that the average repeat length and the fraction of perfect repeats were increased in the libraries containing longer inserts (> or = 200 bp). The polymorphism of (GT)n loci containing at least 10 repeat units was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction and an automated DNA sequencer. Nearly all tested loci are polymorphic and can therefore be used as marker loci for gene mapping and for other applications. The (GT)n loci were categorized into three classes: (1) loci containing the (GT)n repeats associated with a SINE element, (2) loci containing the (GT)n repeats associated with one or more other simple repeats, and (3) loci containing (GT)n as the only detected repetitive element. At most loci of the first class, the (GT)n repeat was in a fixed configuration adjacent to the 3' end of the SINE. The findings support the notion of clustering of different repeat types in the mammalian genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Application of polymorphic DNA sequences to differentiate the origin of decomposed bovine meat.

Two bovine meat samples were analysed although the samples were already in a state of advanced decomposition. The isolated DNA was extremely degraded and not suitable for conventional DNA fingerprinting (profiling), thus the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to screen for a Y-chromosome specific fragment and the loci of the two milk proteins kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin. Both samples contained Y-chromosome specific DNA and the kappa-casein genotype AA but they differed at the beta-lactoglobulin locus (BB versus AB). Thus a different origin (carcass) could be verified for the two samples and a subject was exonerated from a case of meat larceny.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The porcine M blood group system: evidence to suggest assignment of its M1 factor to a new system (P).

A new allele Maejm and a more precise genetic analysis of the Ml factor previously assigned to the M system are described after screening three generation families (Wild Boar x Pietrain, Meishan x Pietrain) for the M blood group system using a complete set of 13 M reagents. From informative families with proven parental M genotypes it was shown that the Ml antigen is controlled by an allele from another system. We propose to designate this new system P and to change the factor designation from Ml to Pa.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

[Laryngeal hemiplegia in warmblood horses--a study of stallions, mares and their offspring].

Laryngoscopic examination during sedation was performed on 24 stallions and on their offspring (240 foals and 474 adult horses). Additionally the dams (n = 308) of 35 foals and 216 horses were examined. With the bilateral comparison of the arytaenoid movements the function of the abductory and adductory laryngeal muscles were evaluated and the left abductory dysfunction (idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia, ILH) was divided into six degrees. The incidence and degree of ILH depended on age and the occurrence of the same dysfunction in the parents. Foals suffered in significantly lower number (24.7 per cent) than adult horses (49.7 per cent). The progeny of unaffected parents suffered significantly less from ILH (8.9 per cent of the foals, 39.6 per cent of the adult offspring) than did comparable progeny of affected parents (41 per cent of the foals, 60.9 per cent of the adult offspring). There was no correlation between the occurrence of ILH and sex. 120 horses were examined laryngoscopically and during work to get an information about the correlation between a visible ILH and the appearance of a typical inspiratory noise. 54.3 per cent of the horses with ILH had a typical inspiratory noise. 80.9 per cent of the horse with a typical inspiratory noise showed ILH.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Sex determination and milk protein genotyping of preimplantation stage bovine embryos using multiplex PCR.

A method for determining the sex and milk protein genotypes (RFLPs) of preimplantation stage bovine embryos using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described. Day 6 to 7 embryos were micromanipulated to isolate 5 to 6 cells. These cells were then dried in reaction tubes for transport to the laboratory. Subsequently, two sets of PCRs were performed using Y chromosome, k-casein and beta-lactoglobulin gene specific primers, followed by electrophoretic analysis of the PCR products. The presence or absence of the Y chromosome was ascertained in 90 of 92 embryos. Moreover, the k-casein specific fragment was amplified and detected in all these embryos. The PCR products were digested in order to genotype the k-casein gene. In 70% of the embryos, the beta-lactoglobulin specific fragment was amplified, although together with some unspecific fragments.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Oligonucleotide fingerprinting to individualize ungulates.

The optimal combination of restriction enzyme and oligonucleotide probe has been determined for the individualization of hoofed animal species (cattle, pig, goat, sheep, horse and camel). Four different restriction endonucleases were used as well as five synthetic oligonucleotide probes hybridizing to different simple tandem repeats for fingerprint analyses in unrelated cattle (Swiss and German Simmental of unknown relationship and three families): 4 x 10(15) cows and oxes would reveal different banding patterns after HinfI digestion using the probe (CAC)5/(GTG)5. The other species were investigated using HinfI (and HaeIII) and five different oligonucleotide probes specific for simple tandem repeats. Using (CAC)5/(GTG)5 the discrimination potential in sheep was about one order of magnitude lower than in cattle while in goats 6 x 10(10) specimen are easily differentiated with (CA)8/(GT)8. From an evolutionary standpoint it may be of interest that also in all other ungulate species tested, (CAC)5/(GTG)5 and (CA)8/(GT)8 exhibited the highest potential for individualization. Advantages of oligonucleotide fingerprinting are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

DNA fingerprinting in cattle using oligonucleotide probes.

Oligonucleotide probes specific for simple tandem repeat sequences produce individual specific DNA fingerprints in man and all animal species tested so far. Here 11 different synthetic probes were hybridized to bovine genomic DNAs which had been digested with the restriction endonucleases HinfI, AluI and HaeIII. Two of these probes gave DNA fingerprint patterns which were analysed for three German breeds. Different parameters were calculated, such as the average number of bands per individual or the probability of finding identical fingerprints in two unrelated individuals. The number of polymorphic bands varies from 11 to 23 in the different breeds and the probability of finding the same banding pattern in two unrelated individuals ranges from 1.5 x 10(-7) to 2.4 x 10(-7). Hence this DNA fingerprinting procedure allows precise identification of individuals. It is also a useful additional method for paternity testing in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Production and use of bovine DNA libraries: DNA-sequencing.

An important part in the use of genomic DNA libraries is the sequencing of identified clones for detailed information. In this study, methods for DNA sequence analysis were elaborated and employed for the k-casein gene, a bovine milk protein. The results encourage further research.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The evaluation of hormone and metabolite profiles after the infusion of glucose, propionate and butyrate in cattle].

Lactational performance in high-yielding dairy cows has its limits in metabolic processes. Energy metabolism is maintained by mobilization of body reserves via hormonal regulation, resulting in lipolysis and sometimes ketoacidosis. For characterization of such conditions the intraruminal and intravascular application of glucose and volatile fatty acids was used in ruminant physiology. On the other hand the results of such experiments were correlated to actual and potential milk yield. For this investigation pairs of monozygous Holstein Friesian twins were tested as heifers and as cows by intravenous infusion of glucose, propionate and butyrate after 18 hours of feed withdrawal. Insulin, growth hormone, glucose, free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate were measured before, during and up to 4 hours after infusion of substrates. Each substrate caused a transient change in plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones. Differences between heifers and cows are discussed with the time series of the mean concentrations. The reaction profile of each animal was characterized by different parameters. Analysis of these parameters revealed a close relation between hormones and metabolites even under the conditions of the load-test.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of volatile fatty acids in the blood plasma of cattle before and after an infusion of propionate and butyrate].

Before and after infusion of propionate and butyrate the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the blood of heifers were determined by gas chromatography, in order to indicate activity and regulation of the carbohydrate metabolism. 14 heifers were loaded after food deprivation with intravenous infusions of propionate and butyrate. Concentrations of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, and valerate were measured in blood samples which were taken later on. The methods used for clearance and extraction as well as for gas chromatographic analysis are described. Retention times and blood concentrations are given for each VFA. Concentrations prior to infusion were for: acetate 10.14 +/- 2.51 microliters/ml; propionate 0.42 +/- 0.35 microliters/ml; iso-butyrate 3.72 +/- 1.37 microliters/ml; butyrate 3.44 +/- 0.68 microliters/ml blood plasma. The concentrations of the infused VFA showed a 100 (butyrate) to 1000 (propionate) fold increase followed by a subsequent decrease to the initial values. These investigations on the profile of VFA elucidated criteria of the energy metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Gene technology in animal husbandry, new research approaches exemplified by the milk protein gene of cattle].

For investigation of bovine milk protein genes several methods of recombinant DNA techniques are presented. Possible applications of genome research in animal breeding are given including the characterization of structure and function for single genes, gene mapping as well as screening for gene variants in populations. Hence it follows that scientific and practical developments can be expected and will be an influence on future animal production.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of misidentification on the estimation of breeding value and heritability in cattle.

For daughter groups of 15 test bulls, controls of paternity were performed by using blood group factors and biochemical polymorphisms. Data of incorrectly assigned daughters influenced the estimation of breeding values, heritabilities and correlations for milk performance traits. Formulae are given that show the effects of variable misidentification rates on estimation of breeding values, selection intensities, heritabilities, and genetic gains. For example, for milk fat yield, the genetic gains drop at a misidentification rate of 15% between 8.7% (for h2 = .5) and 16.9% (for h2 = .2) below values attained without misidentifications. Consequently, decreasing misidentification rates in progeny of test bulls can be used to diminish the progeny size per test bull for constant genetic gain, to achieve more precise ranking of all or distinct test bulls according to their "true" breeding values and(or) to increase the number of test bulls by using the same amount of test inseminations and the same precision of ranking. Actions to reduce misidentification rates in cattle populations are discussed.

Animal Identification Systems↗
PubMed1985

Serum and tissue alkaline phosphatases in pigs.

The alkaline phosphatases from serum, liver, bone and intestine of pigs were separated by starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Treatments with neuraminidase, urea, heat, L-homoarginine and L-phenylalanine were performed. Variants of serum alkaline phosphatases were derived from different tissues and hence must be under the control of at least two different loci. Within the intestinal phosphatases, polymorphic electrophoretic patterns were observed among 195 animals.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗