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Biomedical subjects

H Gastaut

Publications and source records attributed to H Gastaut.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epilepsy in renal insufficiency and accidental epileptic seizures during hemodialysis (artificial kidney)].

The authors, referring to 29 observed cases, review the characteristics of true renal epilepsy with regard both to attacks and to interictal periods. Their research shows that this type of epilepsy cannot be explained by any specific anatomical lesion but is probably functional and more specifically metabolic; it disappears when renal dialysis is performed. The authors accept that the factors liable to provoke this kind of epilepsy include cellular hyperhydration possibly associated with hypocalcaemia and with a genetic predisposition to convulsions. They reject the role of uraemia. This type of renal epilepsy is compared to the epileptic attacks provoked by renal dialysis.

Cerebellar Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Etiological diagnosis of epilepsy: value of computerized axial tomography (C.A.T.) (author's transl)].

The authors appraise the value of CAT in the study of epilepsy from their personal experience and from the few published works that are available. The CAT confirms and supports a large number of already acquired facts:--the almost complete absence of cerebral lesions in "functional" epilepsies (primary generalized epilepsies and benign childhood epilepsy with rolandic paroxysms);--the large number of abnormalities in the secondary generalized epilepsies (West syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) where the majority of patients present a bilateral fronto-temporal atrophy;--the high percentage of cerebral lesions in partial epilepsies. In this case, the CAT is especially notable in revealing etiologies in 63 p. 100 of cases. They include: tumors, abcesses, empyemas, angiomas, cerebral infarctions, cerebral atrophies, post-traumatic lesions, etc... From this study, it can be concluded that positive diagnosis of epilepsy is still made on the basis of clinical and electroencephalographic data, with the CAT used to facilitate the etiological diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Possible late-onset secondary generalized epilepsy. contribution of computed tomography (author's transl)].

Generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures appearing in elderly subjects have been recognized for a long time. The E.E.G. was able to distinguish two types: primary generalized epilepsy, and a secondary type of late onset which can be definitely separated from the group of partial epilepsies with generalized secondary fits by means of scanography. In fact, 60% of generalized attacks in the elderly are due to cerebral involution only. The authors suggest, therefore, that the group of secondary generalized epilepsies be enlarged to include this variety of late-onset generalized epilepsy, which appears to be related to the existence of diffuse cerebral lesions as shown by the cerebral atrophy demonstrated by the use of C.T. scan.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in sleep pattern in presenile and senile dementia (author's transl)].

Analysis of polygraphic recordings of nocturnal sleep in 21 patients with "degenerative" dementia led to the identification of two types of tracing. The first type was characterised by morphologically normal sleep with more marked quantitative changes than those caused by simple aging. In the second type, the criteria of identification of the physiological stages of sleep disappeared, requiring special definition of the E.E.G. appearances seen. These two types corresponded to two different stages of advancement and probably were indicative of the progressive extension of lesions.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Considerations on the significance attributed to unusual cerebral histological findings recently described in eight patients with primary generalized epilepsy.

The authors, although they express appreciation of the importance of publishing careful anatomical reports in cases of epilepsy, express some doubts concerning the pathological nature of the histological features reported by Meencke and Janz in the brains of eight patients suffering from primary generalized epilepsy. As illustrated and described, most of the histological findings considered abnormal are commonly seen in neurologically normal controls. Also, true "minor dysgenetic changes" have been observed in individuals free of cerebral disorders. Furthermore, the hypothesis drawn from the neuropathological observations to explain the etiopathogenesis of this category of epilepsy and the physiopathogenesis of the seizures does not seem acceptable to the authors.

Brain↗