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Biomedical subjects

H Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to H Fukuda.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Bilateral coronoid hyperplasia. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Two cases of bilateral hyperplasia of the coronoid processes of the mandible are presented. The patients were men and first noticed their symptoms at 14 and 10 years of age, respectively. They were treated successfully by intraoral bilateral coronoidectomies. A review of the literature revealed only forty-nine cases of the condition reported; 43 cases in western countries and 6 in Japan. As described previously, the majority of the cases were men and their symptoms occurred under the age of 19 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy maintained in natural populations of Drosophila simulans in Réunion.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in Drosophila simulans was studied to determine whether the cytoplasmic state of mtDNA heteroplasmy persists in natural populations in Réunion. For this purpose, 172 isofemale lines, newly collected from two local populations, were examined, among which three types of mtDNA (siII, siIII and siIII') were found, based on the Hpa II restriction pattern. Ten of the lines were heteroplasmic for a combination of siII and siIII, as determined by autoradiography. The same type of heteroplasmy had been noted in one of the two local populations 8 years before (Satta et al. 1988). The present results suggest that the heteroplasmic state occurs recurrently in natural populations of D. simulans in Réunion.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Purification and properties of an ethylene-forming enzyme from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola PK2.

A novel ethylene-forming enzyme that catalyses the formation of ethylene from 2-oxoglutarate was purified from a cell-free extract of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola PK2. It was purified about 2800-fold with an overall yield of 53% to a single band of protein after SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 660 nmol ethylene min-1 (mg protein)-1. The molecular mass of the enzyme was approximately 36 kDa by gel filtration and 42 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point and optimum pH were 5.9 and ca. 7.0-7.5, respectively. There was no homology between the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the ethylene-forming enzyme of Ps. syringae pv. phaseolicola PK2 and the sequence of the ethylene-forming enzyme of the fungus Penicillium digitatum IFO 9372. However, the two enzymes have the following properties in common. The presence of 2-oxoglutarate, L-arginine, Fe2+ and oxygen is essential for the enzymic reaction. The enzymes are highly specific for 2-oxoglutarate as substrate and L-arginine as cofactor. EDTA, Tiron, DTNB [5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoate)] and hydrogen peroxide are all effective inhibitors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Drug eruptions following treatment with prodrugs: a review of the reported cases in Japan from 1984 to 1989.

A review of 872 cases of drug eruption reported in the Japanese dermatological journals from 1984 to 1989 has revealed a growing subset related to treatment with prodrugs, in which the responsible agent may be the metabolite rather than the prodrug itself. This situation is the result of the presence in tissues and fluids of only the metabolite following absorption and degradation of the prodrug. Because of this condition, patients with drug eruptions after prodrug treatment may develop positive patch test and/or lymphocyte stimulation test reactions not only with the introduced prodrug but also with the metabolite produced in vivo and further with other prodrugs which degrade into the same metabolite.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the kidney accompanying ipsilateral ureteral transitional cell carcinoma. A case report with cytological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

The authors report a case of myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the kidney accompanying ipsilateral ureteral transitional cell carcinoma. A 74-year-old male patient complained of turbid urine and macroscopic hematuria. He also complained of left back pain, appetite loss and weight loss. Computed tomography revealed a large mass in the left retroperitoneum. Urine cytology disclosed two types of malignant cells, atypical spindle-shaped cells and transitional cell carcinoma. Left total nephro-ureterectomy was performed. The left kidney was occupied by a 6 x 4 x 4 cm, multinodular and mucinous tumor. A transitional cell carcinoma of the left ureter was also observed. The renal tumor was composed of atypical spindle-shaped cells in the mucinous stroma, which showed positive immunoreactivity for anti-muscle-specific actin and anti-desmin antibodies. The ultrastructural examination revealed intracytoplasmic microfilaments with dense bodies, pinocytotic vesicles and junctional structure. These findings were suggestive of the myogenic feature of the case. Urine cytology revealed a number of sarcoma cells in this case since the sarcoma cells markedly invaded the renal pelvis and were apt to separate individually in myxoid stroma. Simultaneous and ipsilateral double malignancies of the renal sarcoma and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma have never been reported in the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacology of neural mechanisms of the motor system].

In reviewing recent progress concerning the motor system and drug action, the following subjects will be discussed on the basis of our data: 1) the mechanisms of action of mephenesin and baclofen, 2) baclofen and gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor, 3) GABA-, benzodiazepine receptors, 4) control of spinal motor system by descending noradrenergic neuron, 5) pharmacology of the muscle spindle, and 6) pharmaco-metrics of centrally acting muscle relaxants.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

2-phenylethylamine and methamphetamine enhance the spinal monosynaptic reflex by releasing noradrenaline from the terminals of descending fibers.

Experiments were performed on spinalized rats transected at C1. Intravenous administration of 2-phenylethylamine-HCl (PEA-HCl) (0.3 and 1 mg/kg, i.v.) and methamphetamine-HCl (MAP-HCl) (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) increased the amplitude of the monosynaptic reflex (MSR). The increase of the MSR caused by PEA and MAP was antagonized by prazosin-HCl and abolished by the pretreatment with reserpine (i.p.) and 6-hydroxydopamine (intracisternally, 14 days previously). A dopamine D1 antagonist, SK&F 83566-HBr (0.01 mg/kg, i.v.), and a D2 antagonist. YM-09151-2 (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.), did not antagonize the increasing effects produced by PEA and MAP. An inhibitor of type-B monoamine oxidase, (-)deprenyl-HCl (1 mg/kg, i.v.), prolonged the effect of PEA but not that of MAP, suggesting that PEA alone, and not its metabolites, enhanced the MSR. These results suggest that PEA and MAP increase the amplitude of the MSR by releasing noradrenaline from the terminals of descending noradrenergic fibers, and that PEA, an endogenous trace amine, has a mechanism of action similar to that of MAP.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
PubMed1991

Production of corticosterone and testosterone in scorbutic mutant rats: difference of in vivo production between adrenal gland and testis.

Effects of deficiency in ascorbic acid on in vivo production of corticosterone and testosterone were examined using a mutant strain of rats unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. The adrenal weight of scorbutic rats was larger, and corticosterone levels in plasma and adrenal tissues were higher than those of ascorbic acid-supplied (ascorbutic) rats. Acute and chronic stimulation with ACTH increased corticosterone levels in both ascorbutic and scorbutic rats. In contrast, weights of seminal vesicles and ventral prostates in unstimulated scorbutic rats were smaller, and testosterone levels in plasma and testicular tissues were lower than those in ascorbutic rats. Acute stimulation with hCG increased testosterone levels only slightly in plasma and not in testicular tissues of scorbutic rats, when testosterone levels in ascorbutic rats reached a maximum. Chronic stimulation with hCG increased testosterone levels remarkably in both ascorbutic and scorbutic rats. These findings seem to indicate that ascorbic acid is not essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones. The scurvy seems to increase plasma ACTH levels secondary to the stress, resulting in the stimulation of the adrenals. In contrast, a prolonged deficiency in ascorbic acid appears to decrease plasma gonadotropin levels, and may reduce the sensitivity of testes to gonadotropins.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

Stimulation of the trunk area of the motor cortex elicits straining in dogs.

To clarify the cortical portion of dogs which corresponds to the portion to perform voluntary straining in human, the posterior sigmoid gyrus of anesthetized dogs was systematically stimulated. When reflex-straining was elicited at constant intervals (10-20 s) by stimulation of pelvic afferents, extra-straining (cortical straining) intervening between reflex-straining was elicited after a latent period (0.2-1.0 s) by pulse train stimulation of a focal portion in the trunk area of the motor cortex (M1). Cortical straining reset cycles of reflex-straining. The minimum threshold intensity was observed in the fifth or sixth layer of the focal portion. No difference was recognized between the firing patterns exhibited during cortical and reflex-straining by the phrenic and rectus abdominis muscle nerves, and by the nerves innervating the glottis adductors and external urethral sphincter. Pulse train stimulation of the focal portion, however, interrupted reflex-straining when it was applied during reflex-straining. Pulse train stimulation of the focal portion also elicited burst firings in the phrenic and abdominal muscle nerves after short latencies (20 and 12 ms). The short-latency bursts disappeared after severance of the medulla pyramis ipsilateral to the stimulated focal portion, but cortical straining induced by stimulation of the same cortical site persisted. Stimulation of the focal portion still elicited straining after severance of the ipsilateral hypothalamus, but not after severance of the cerebral peduncle at the midbrain level. However, the cortical stimulation intensified to about three times occasionally induced straining after severance of the peduncle. From these results, it may be concluded that stimulation of the focal portion in the trunk motor area induces straining through the cerebral peduncle, midbrain tegmentum, and pontine straining reflex center.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1991

[The relationship between cerebral white matter changes, mental function and blood pressure in normal elderly].

The authors examined the relationship between cerebral white matter changes and mental function, blood pressure in 39 neurologically normal aged (21 males, 18 females, mean age 75.0 years) who had no latent lesions on MRI images. The severity of cerebral white matter changes was estimated by T1 value images on MRI and was measured in the bilateral frontal lobe on an axial slice at the level of the basal ganglia and in the bilateral anterior, middle, and posterior portions on axial slices at the level of the body of the lateral ventricle. Mental function was measured by the Hasegawa's dementia rating scale (HDS) and Kohs' block design test (Kohs' test). The severity of cerebral frontal white matter changes increased significantly with age (p less than 0.05). However there was no significant correlation between the severity of cerebral white matter changes and HDS, Kohs' test. The severity of frontal white matter changes correlated with the mean arterial blood pressure (p less than 0.02). These results suggest that the severity of cerebral white matter changes is not related with mental function in the normal elderly, and that the severity of frontal white matter lesions is related with mean arterial blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the KHS killer gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A 5.3-kbp fragment of the KHS gene was cloned from a genomic bank of Saccharomyces cerevisiae No. 115 constructed with an E. coli as the host and YEp13 as the vector. A non-killer yeast strain was transformed to a killer strain with the multi-copy vector containing the KHS gene, and the transformant could secrete 3-4 times more killer toxin into culture media than the donor, strain No. 115. The KHS toxin was purified 80-fold from the culture filtrate by gel filtration and column chromatography. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.8-kbp fragment of the KHS DNA that was enough for the expression of the killer activity was identified, and we found an open reading frame consisted of 2124 bp. Comparison of the open reading frame and N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified KHS toxin, suggested that the presumed peptide from the KHS gene might be processed between 36Gln and 37Ala before secretion.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of aging on in vivo binding of 11C-N-methylspiperone in living human frontal cortex].

Reduced in vivo binding of 11C-N-methylspiperone (NMSP) with age in the living human frontal cortex was demonstrated, with positron emission tomography (PET). Eleven normal male volunteers (22 to 72 years old) were assessed. The uptake of 11C-NMSP in the frontal cortex peaked 7-15 min after intravenous injection, and then gradually decreased until the end of this study. On the other hand in the cerebellum, the uptake of 11C-NMSP peaked 10 min and rapidly declined. We analyzed the data using a three compartment model and determined rate constants k3 and k4. And the binding potential of receptors was estimated as the ratio of k3 (association rate constant) to k4 (dissociation rate constant) value. The k3 and k4 values were calculated from nonlinear regression, given by the set of parameter values that minimized the deviation between the measured kinetics and model prediction. As an input function, we used the radioactivity in the cerebellum. A significant reduction in BP with age was observed. Though both k3 and k4 values were decreased with age, this decrease of BP was found to be mainly due to the reduced k3 values. These results indicated that numbers of binding sites (Bmax) of serotonin S2 receptors in frontal cortex might be decreased with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case of multiple myeloma (biclonal type) associated with an intracranial mass invading the skull base and oculomotor palsy].

A case of multiple myeloma forming an intracranial mass which invaded the skull base was reported. A 72-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of left oculomotor paresis. Plain craniograms showed multiple punched out lesions. A CT scan demonstrated a mass lesion, which was homogeneously slightly enhanced with contrast medium, in the middle cranial fossa. MRI, both T1 and T2 weighted images, showed an isodensity mass. In the carotid angiograms the tumor was fed by the right branches of the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery and the maxillary artery. Laboratory data were as follows: ESR: 132mm/30min, serum TP: 9.0g/dl, IgG: 4670mg/dl, IgA: 430mg/dl, and urinary Bence-Jones protein was detected. Bone marrow biopsy of the illiac bone demonstrated myeloma cells. During hospitalization oculomotor paresis disappeared, and the patient was treated with intramuscular interferon-alpha. Multiple myeloma which invades the skull base is rare, and only 10 cases have been reported since 1977. Moreover, the biclonal type is only 0.5% of all multiple myelomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Free, thinned, paraumbilical perforator-based flaps.

Free, thinned paraumbilical perforator-based flaps, fed by a muscle perforator from the inferior, deep epigastric artery and having no muscle and little fatty tissue components, were used in two cases. This flap provides great advantages in overcoming some of the problems of the conventional rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1991

In vivo sodium-23 MRI in brain tumors: evaluation of preliminary clinical experience.

In vivo sodium-23 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the head was performed in ten normal volunteers and six patients with brain tumors on a commercially available 1.5 Tesla whole-body MR system. Although sodium MR signal from the brain parenchyma could hardly be detected on routine spin echo (SE) pulse sequence, free induction decay (FID) image with echo time of 1.9 msec demonstrated MR signal in the normal brain tissue. On the other hand, extracellular sodium of cerebrospinal fluid, large venous sinus, and vitreous humor offered high sodium MR signal intensity due to the quantity of sodium and the relatively longer transverse relaxation time (50-60 msec) compared to that of intracellular sodium (less than a few msec). Strong signal was obtained in gliomas with superior contrast, though the delineation of the tumor tissue from edema was as difficult as when seen on proton T2 weighted SE image. Meningioma itself gave much less of a sodium MR signal compared to glioma. Peritumoral edema associated with meningioma showed a markedly high sodium MR signal which was more prominent adjacent to the tumor, although proton SE image revealed the peritumoral edema as homogeneous. Pathological tissues such as brain tumors and edema could be readily depicted as significantly high sodium-23 MR signal, apparently different from normal brain tissues. The current status of in vivo sodium MR imaging is discussed. The authors concluded that early clinical experience of in vivo sodium-23 MR imaging brought promising results in the evaluation of brain tumors and edema; otherwise, discrimination and quantification of multiple T2 components and the improvement of spatial resolution are desperately needed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗