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H Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to H Fujii.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources

Tissue-specific regulation of the expression of rat intestinal bile acid-binding protein.

A lipid-binding protein identical to the rat intestinal bile acid-binding protein, termed I-15P, was expressed in steroid hormone-producing tissues such as ovary and adrenal gland, but not testis. In immature rats, I-15P was expressed in intestine but not in ovaries. The expression of I-15P in the ovaries of immature rats was induced to the level in immature rats by gonadotropin treatment. This suggests that the expression of I-15P in the ovaries is controlled by the ovarian cycle. The present results indicate that the expression of I-15P is developmentally and hormonally controlled in a tissue-specific manner.

Adrenal Glands↗

Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a human intestinal 15-kDa protein.

We have isolated a cDNA encoding a human intestinal 15-kDa protein (I-15P) from a human ileal lambda gt 11 cDNA library, using a full-length rat I-15P cDNA. One clone encompassed 571 nucleotides and encoded a 128-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 14355 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of human I-15P showed high similarity to the rat counterpart (78%), mouse ileal lipid-binding protein (80%) and porcine gastrotropin (75%). It also exhibited 36% similarity to human liver fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP). Northern blot analysis of human I-15P revealed a single transcript only in ileum, however, the reverse-transcription/PCR demonstrated expression in ovary and placenta, but it was much lower than in ileum. Transformation of Escherichia coli with the I-15P cDNA resulted in the efficient expression of a protein that was identical to the ileal cytosolic I-15P. In vitro binding studies revealed that the bacterially expressed recombinant I-15P showed much lower affinities for palmitate and oleate than L-FABP. However, it showed similar affinity for taurocholate, compared with a control, BSA. Comparison of the structural features of human I-15P and human L-FABP suggested that loss of a long alpha-helix region and hydrophobic profile of I-15P may be attributable to a unique ligand-binding specificity of I-15P.

Aged↗

Primary structure of murine red blood cell-type pyruvate kinase (PK) and molecular characterization of PK deficiency identified in the CBA strain.

To clarify the molecular abnormality of pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency identified in the mutant mice of CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc, we cloned murine red blood cell-type PK (R-PK) cDNA of those animals. The cDNA sequence spans 1827 bp, including an open reading frame that can encode 574 amino acids. Homology in the coding sequences between murine and human R-PK was 86.1% at nucleotide and 91.5% at amino acid levels. A homozygous missense mutation at nucleotide 1013 GGT-->GAT was identified in the cDNA sequence of the mutant, causing a single amino acid substitution at no. 338Gly-->Asp of the murine R-PK. Six amino acid residues, 335Val-336Ala-337Arg-338Gly-339Asp-340L eu, were encoded in exon 8 of both human and rat L (liver-type)/R-PK genes and were evolutionarily conserved in PK from bacteria through humans. 337Arg was reported to be important for substrate binding, suggesting that the amino acid change would impair substrate affinity of the PK subunit. A homozygous missense mutation at the catalytic domain has been identified in a human PK variant, PK Hong Kong (941ATT-->ACT, 314 Ile-->Thr). Although both 1013A and 941C gave rise to an amino acid change adjacent to the active site and may interfere with substrate binding to the subunit, the degree of anemia was much more severe in the human case. The erythroid-progenitor cell number increased in the spleen of Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice to a level approximately 66 times higher than that in normal CBA mice, suggesting that compensatory extramedullary erythropoiesis in the spleen of the mutant mice, but not in the human variant, might account for the observed difference in the phenotype.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

IL-2 signaling involves recruitment and activation of multiple protein tyrosine kinases by the IL-2 receptor.

The IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) consists of three subunits, the IL-2R alpha, IL-2R beta, and IL-2R gamma chains, the last of which is also used in the receptors for IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-15. The IL-2-induced proliferative signals emanate from the cytoplasmic domains of IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma, but the nature and function of the signaling molecules that transmit these signals are not fully understood. Here we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms by which IL-2R transmit signals by using multiple protein kinases. In fact, at least four protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are physically associated with IL-2R: p56lck (and its members), Syk PTK, and the Janus kinases, Jak1 and Jak3. cDNA expression studies revealed that the activation of these PTKs is critical for IL-2-induced proliferative signal transmission. Our findings indicate that a unique property of the IL-2R cytoplasmic domains is to recruit a variety of signaling molecules, which may suggest a mechanism by which these PTKs and other signaling molecules function in concert.

Animals↗

Activation of Stat5 by interleukin 2 requires a carboxyl-terminal region of the interleukin 2 receptor beta chain but is not essential for the proliferative signal transmission.

The high-affinity interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor (IL-2R) consists of three subunits: the IL-2R alpha, IL-2R beta c, and IL-2R gamma c chains. Two members of the Janus kinase family, Jak1 and Jak3, are associated with IL-2R beta c and IL-2R gamma c, respectively, and they are activated upon IL-2 stimulation. The cytokine-mediated Jak kinase activation usually results in the activation of a family of latent transcription factors termed Stat (signal transducer and activator of transcription) proteins. Recently, the IL-2-induced Stat protein was purified from human lymphocytes and found to be the homologue of sheep Stat5/mammary gland factor. We demonstrate that the human Stat5 is activated by IL-2 and that Jak3 is required for the efficient activation. The cytoplasmic region of the IL-2R beta c chain required for activation of Stat5 is mapped within the carboxyl-terminal 147 amino acids. On the other hand, this region is not essential for IL-2-induced cell proliferation.

3T3 Cells↗

Electron spin resonance studies on neutrophil cytochrome b558. Evidence that low-spin heme iron is essential for O2-. generating activity.

Cytochrome b558 purified from pig neutrophils was studied to characterize the spin state of the heme iron in relation to its O2-. generating activity. ESR spectra of cytochrome b558 either from resting or stimulated neutrophils showed a low-spin hemoprotein with g1,2,3 of 3.2, 2.1, and 1.3 (estimated). At physiological pH, the oxidized cytochrome b558 is in a purely low-spin state. On lowering or raising pH from 7, the spin state changes to high-spin. The ESR spectrum of high-spin cytochrome b558 was identical to that of methemoglobin, suggesting that the axial-ligand type in both hemoproteins may be the same, i.e. histidine is the fifth ligand. The ratio of the low-spin to high-spin heme in cytochrome b558 was evaluated by magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. The pH of cytochrome b558 was varied to form different ratios of the low-spin to high-spin states of the heme, and its O2-. generating activity was examined in cell-free systems. O2-. forming activity decreased concomitant with loss of the low-spin heme, which provides direct evidence that the low-spin state of cytochrome b558 is essential to generate O2-. and the heme retains the low-spin state through the redox cycle.

Animals↗

Tissue-specific suppression of aortic fatty-acid-binding protein in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) expressed in rat aorta has been shown to be homologous to heart FABP (H-FABP) but its precise primary structure, cellular localization and function are not known. To establish the nucleotide identity between heart and aorta FABP, we performed an RNase protection assay with antisense RNA of rat H-FABP. The results demonstrate that the primary nucleotide sequence of aortic FABP is identical to that of rat H-FABP. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that aortic H-FABP mRNA is present in both smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In order to explore the function of aortic H-FABP, we examined whether a quantitative change in aortic H-FABP occurred in diabetes mellitus, since this pathological state has been shown to cause abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism. Northern blot analysis revealed that the level of aortic H-FABP mRNA was markedly decreased in rats made diabetic by streptozotocin treatment. The suppression of the mRNA level paralleled that of the protein level, as assessed by Western blot analysis. In distinct contrast, no major changes in the H-FABP mRNA level were observed in any other tissues examined, including heart, kidney and skeletal muscle, suggesting that this decrease is highly tissue-specific. The suppression of the aortic H-FABP in streptozotocin-diabetic rats was abolished by insulin supplementation. Taken together, these results suggest that the expression of the H-FABP gene in aorta may be specifically and dramatically suppressed in streptozotocin-diabetic rats, and that this suppression appears to be regulated by insulin.

Animals↗

Regulation by physical training of enzyme activity and gene expression of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in rat skeletal muscle.

We examined the effects of short-term (5 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks) physical training on actual and total activities, protein content and mRNA abundance of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in rat skeletal muscle. The actual and total activities were significantly increased approximately 60% and approximately 40%, respectively, by long-term training. No effects of short-term training on activities were observed. The increase in the total activity corresponded to increased protein content of the E1 alpha and E2 components of the complex. On the other hand, mRNA abundance for E1 alpha and E2 were not affected by the training, but that for E1 beta was slightly, but significantly increased by both short-term and long-term trainings. These divergent alterations of the message levels for the subunits of the complex suggest that posttranslational regulatory mechanisms determine the amount of the complex in skeletal muscle. Since the complex is located in the mitochondrial matrix space, mitochondrial biogenesis in response to the training was examined by determining the content of mitochondrial DNA in the muscle. The mitochondrial DNA was proportionally increased with the total activity as well as the protein content of the complex, suggesting that expression of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in skeletal muscle in response to physical training is associated with mitochondrial biogenesis.

3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)↗

Modulation of the heme environment of neutrophil cytochrome b558 to a "cytochrome P450-like" structure by pyridine.

The effect of pyridine on the heme environment of cytochrome b558 was studied using ESR and optical absorption spectroscopy in relation to the O2(-)-generating activity in the NADPH oxidase system of stimulated pig neutrophils. As the concentration of pyridine increased, the absorption maxima of the alpha- and gamma-bands of cytochrome b558 shifted which correlated with a concomitant decrease in O2(-)-generating activity. In addition, the g = 3.2 signal of cytochrome b558 decreased with the concomitant appearance of a new ESR spectrum that strikingly resembled that of cytochrome P450. The results suggest that pyridine induces a structural modification in the heme environment of cytochrome b558 by shifting the 5th heme ligand (histidine) to a nearby thiolate group without direct binding of pyridine to the heme. The existence of a reactive thiolate near the heme iron was confirmed by pretreatment of blocked cytochrome b558 with p-chloromercuribenzoate, which completely inhibited the formation of the cytochrome P450-like ESR spectrum. The results provide further evidence that a low-spin heme iron of cytochrome b558 with a g-value of 3.2 is essential to the O2(-)-forming reaction of the NADPH oxidase system. From sequence alignments of cytochrome P450 with those of large and small subunits of cytochrome b558, the heme in cytochrome b558 appears to be specifically associated with the large subunit.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

Identification of two novel deletion mutations in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene causing hemolytic anemia.

Among over 50 distinct mutations causing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, only two deletion mutations have so far been reported. Using nonradioisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, we found two additional deletion mutations in two Japanese G6PD-deficient patients with nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Case no. 1 had a 3-nucleotide deletion in exon 6 predicting a deletion of a serine at amino acid 188 or 189, which caused a class 1 variant G6PD Tsukui. Case no. 2 had a 3-nucleotide deletion in exon 5 predicting a deletion of a lysine at residue 95, which caused a class 2 variant G6PD Urayasu. The 188th serine, which might be deleted in G6PD Tsukui, is located close to the putative G6P binding site. The 188th serine is also involved in the amino acid substitution in G6PD Mediterranean, but the kinetics of these two variants are totally different. The residue with an amino acid deletion in G6PD Urayasu was distant from the substrate binding sites and was located in a region with low sequence homology among species. The different properties of variants having mutations in exons 5 and 6 suggest that these two exons code distinct functional domains of the enzyme.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

Immunohistochemical localization of two types of fatty acid-binding proteins in rat ovaries during postnatal development and in immature rat ovaries treated with gonadotropins.

BACKGROUND: The ovary of adult rats expresses two types of cytoplasmic fatty acid binding proteins (FABP), i.e., heart FABP (H-FABP) and intestinal 15 kDa protein (I-15P). We studied immunohistochemically the cellular localizations of these FABPs in the ovaries of rats at various postnatal ages and in the ovaries of immature (3-week-old) rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). METHODS: The cryosections of ovaries were incubated with polyclonal antibodies against H-FABP and I-15P, and the immunoreactions were visualized at both light and electron microscopic levels. RESULTS: The immunoreactivity for H-FABP occurred temporarily in the follicular epithelial (granulosa) cells from 3 days to 2 weeks post partum, and then was localized exclusively to the theca/interstitial gland cells from 2 weeks to adulthood. In contrast, the immunoreactivity for I-15P appeared temporarily in a small subset of theca/interstitial gland cells from 2 to 3 weeks, disappeared at 4 weeks, and was localized exclusively to the corpus luteum cells after the onset of ovulation in the animal around 5 weeks. In the immature rat ovaries induced to ovulate by treatment with gonadotropins, I-15P-immunoreactive cells were first recognized in the luteinized granulosa layer of large preovulatory follicles, and increased in number progressively in the developing corpora lutea after the ovulation. CONCLUSIONS: Two types of FABPs are expressed in distinct steroid-producing cell types of rat ovary, and their expressions seem to be regulated in coincidence with the expressions of respective steroid hormones. These results suggest that FABPs play specific roles in the ovarian hormone synthesis.

Aging↗

Clinical significance of multidrug resistance and P-glycoprotein expression in patients with gastric carcinoma.

Twenty-four fresh tumors of gastric carcinoma were assessed by flow cytometric detection of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) using monoclonal antibody C219. Eight patients were P-gp positive. Differentiated gastric carcinomas contained significantly higher concentrations of P-gp positive. Incidence of P-gp positive was high in advanced stage. In 16 cases estimated chemosensitivity was test assessed by thymidine incorporation assay (TIA). Seven of nine multidrug-resistant cases according to TIA were P-gp positive and all of seven nonmultidrug resistant cases were P-gp negative. Expression of P-gp and multidrug resistance were closely correlated (P < 0.01). Also, in 89 patients with operable gastric carcinoma, the relation between in vitro chemosensitivity test (TIA) and their clinicopathologic features as well as their survival lengths were studied. Thirty-one of 89 specimens from gastric carcinoma patients were multidrug resistant according to TIA. Patients in the multidrug-resistant group had a significantly poorer cumulative survival rate than those who were not multidrug resistant (P < .05). The multivariate analysis showed that multidrug resistance is a useful indicator of prognosis (P < 0.1). We suggest that multidrug-resistant cases or P-gp-positive cases of gastric carcinoma are highly malignant, and these determinations are clinically useful.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

A novel human catalase mutation (358 T-->del) causing Japanese-type acatalasemia.

Japanese-type acatalasemia is characterized by the almost total loss of catalase activity in red cells and is often associated with ulcerating oral lesions. A splicing mutation in intron 4 of catalase gene has so far been a sole disease-causing mutation found in Japanese-type acatalasemic patients. We report here a novel single base deletion in the catalase gene causing Japanese-type acatalasemia. The patient was a 72 year-old Japanese male. His maternal grandmother and his father were first cousins. Molecular analysis using non-RI PCR-SSCP analysis combined with direct sequencing revealed a deletion of the 358th thymine in exon 4 of the patient's catalase gene. The proband was a homozygote and his mother and his three children were heterozygotes for this mutation. The frame shift caused by the nucleotide deletion should alter the downstream amino acid sequence and introduce a new termination codon TGA 43 bp 3' to the mutation. Although the truncated peptide chain consisted of 133 amino acid residues might be translated in the patient's tissue, such an aberrant protein is expected to be extremely unstable and have no catalytic function at all. Our results suggest that Japanese-type acatalasemia is heterogeneous.

Acatalasia↗

Differential expression of Fas antigen and Bcl-2 protein on CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and monocytes.

Fas antigen and Bcl-2 protein are considered to be involved in cellular homeostasis. We precisely analyzed the expression of human Fas antigen and Bcl-2 protein on CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and monocytes. The positivities of Fas antigen on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased with aging. In CD4+ T cells, the Fas-/CD45RO+ subpopulation was dominant compared with the Fas+/CD45RO- subpopulation. Conversely, in CD8+ T cells, the Fas+/CD45RO- subpopulation was dominant compared with the Fas-/CD45RO+ subpopulation. Monocytes exhibited high positivity of Fas antigen and low fluorescence intensity of Bcl-2 protein compared with T cells. These results suggest that Fas antigen acts in different processes of cellular homeostasis between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and that expression of Fas antigen and Bcl-2 protein is involved in homeostasis of monocytes as well as lymphocytes.

Adult↗

Role of the heparin-binding domain of chimeric peptides derived from fibronectin in cell spreading and motility.

Cellular responses to fibronectin (FN) are likely to have a complex molecular basis involving the interactions between multiple functional domains of FN and specific cell surface molecules. We have utilized several types of recombinant FN fragments and their chimeric fragments to examine the regulatory mechanisms of the spreading and chemotactic migration of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells on FN. The CH-271 fusion fragment, in which the cell-binding domain (C-274) of FN is adjacent to the heparin-binding domain (H-271), promoted cell spreading more efficiently than C-274, H-271, or their mixture (C-274 + H-271) over a 60-min incubation. The CH-271 variants containing various modules in the heparin-binding domain (CHV peptide) showed different promotion of cell migration, spreading, and vinculin accumulation at focal adhesion, respectively. The preincubation of the cells with heparitinase I resulted in significant inhibition of chemotactic migration to FN and its fragments containing the III13 and/or III14 modules of the heparin-binding domain. Additionally, migration to CH-271 was inhibited by the presence of the RGDS peptide in a concentration-dependent fashion. Thus, the spread and migration responses of HT1080 cells onto FN fusion peptides require the adjacent coexistence of cell- and heparin-binding domains and are mediated by the interactions between cell surface heparan sulfate and the heparin-binding domain, in concert with the interaction between cell surface integrin and the cell-binding domain. In conclusion, our present study demonstrated that fusion peptides of fibronectin can efficiently induce two signals from the cell-binding and heparin-binding domains required for the completion of cell spreading, the formation of focal contact, and motility at the early stage of the culture, suggesting that the III13 or III14 modules within the heparin-binding domain are responsible for the initiation of different cellular responses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

Human melanoma invasion and metastasis enhancement by high expression of aminopeptidase N/CD13.

Aminopeptidase N/CD13 is a Zn(2+)-dependent exoprotease present on the cell surface as a transmembrane protein. Our previous studies using aminopeptidase inhibitors and antibodies demonstrated that aminopeptidase N is involved in the degradation and invasion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by metastatic tumor cells. In the present study we transfected human A375M melanoma cells with eukaryotic plasmid expression vectors that contained full length cDNA of aminopeptidase N/CD13 and examined their characteristics. The transfectants that expressed extremely high levels of aminopeptidase N/CD13 degraded type IV collagen and invaded ECM more actively than the parental and control vector-transfected cells. Furthermore, the aminopeptidase N/CD13-transfected A375M cells had significantly augmented lung colonizing potential in nude mice. The results show that the aminopeptidase N/CD13 plays an active role in degradation and invasion of ECM and may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of blood-borne metastasis.

Animals↗

Esophageal stricture secondary to candidiasis without underlying disease.

Candidiasis of the esophagus progressing to stricture formation in a 74-year-old male is reported. Esophageal candidiasis develops in the presence of various predisposing conditions such as long-standing administration of antibiotics or corticosteroids, and malignancy. The first endoscopic examination of this patient revealed unusual multiple black plaques in the esophagus. Despite intensive exploration, no predisposing factors were found. The stricture was progressive, despite the administration of adequate antifungal therapy, and its presence necessitated several attempts at dilatation. Case reports of esophageal candidiasis without underlying disease are very rare.

Aged↗