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Biomedical subjects

H Fox

Publications and source records attributed to H Fox.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The psychiatrist in the obstetric unit. Establishing a liaison service.

The establishment and first 18 months of a psychiatric liaison service to a general hospital obstetric unit are described. The service was initially intended to predict antenatally those at risk of post-natal depression and to offer follow-up throughout pregnancy and in the post-natal period. However, a large proportion of referrals were of women currently unwell. Furthermore, post-natal follow-up in the community proved difficult. Referrals, diagnoses and disposal are analysed, leading to conclusions about the effectiveness and problem of such a service. The components of a comprehensive obstetric liaison provision are proposed, emphasising the need for strong community links built around a CPN service, allowing adequate postnatal psychiatric care.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sensitivity and specificity of the extended scale for dementia.

The Extended Scale for Dementia was introduced as a test for grading the intellectual function of patients with dementia. Its use in discriminating demented patients from nondemented control subjects has been explored. The test had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96% in patients over the age of 65 years, but the sensitivity fell to 75% in those younger than 65 years. The scale may be useful, particularly for patients over the age of 65 years, in helping to distinguish dementia from normality.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Oxazepam as a probe of hepatic metabolism in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

1. Hepatic metabolism of oxazepam in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was assessed by measurement of urinary metabolites in a group of hospitalized patients with AD, a hospitalized schizophrenic control group and a normal community based group. 2. A subgroup of six AD patients showed marked elevations of the hydroxylated metabolite. The median excretion of conjugated oxazepam in the AD and schizophrenic patients was almost one third that in normal controls (p less than .005). 3. A relationship between decline in level of conjugated metabolite and increase in the mental confusion score on the London Psychiatric Rating Scale (r = -.5253, p less than .05) was found in the AD patients. 4. Changes in hepatic metabolism in AD may be relevant not only for drug metabolism and the development of side effects, but also for the pathogenesis of AD.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Enteric tumours of the lower female genital tract: a report of three cases.

Three enteric-type neoplasms of the lower female genital tract are described; an enteric adenocarcinoma of the cervix, an enteric adenocarcinoma of the vagina and a tubulo-villous adenoma of the vagina. The two adenocarcinomas were characterized by the presence of columnar cells with a prominent brush border and an abundance of goblet cells. The tubulovillous adenoma was identical to similar lesions found in the large intestine. The criteria for diagnosis of an enteric adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract are discussed and it is concluded that the histochemical demonstration of o-acetylated sialomucin is the most specific marker of intestinal differentiation. It is suggested that enteric tumours of the cervix arise from foci of gastrointestinal metaplasia. Enteric tumours of the vagina are more likely to develop from cloacal remnants.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

A sertoliform endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.

Sertoliform endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the ovary are well recognized but, curiously, a sertoliform pattern has not previously been noted in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the endometrium. An endometrial tumour is described which showed in some areas the typical appearances of an endometrioid adenocarcinoma and in others a pattern closely resembling that of a Sertoli cell tumour.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Pathological prognostic indicators in cervical cancer with particular reference to patients under the age of 40 years.

The presence of lymph node metastases in patients with cervical cancer is an important predictor of death and recurrence of disease. Lymph node metastases are more common in patients with mucus-secreting carcinomas than in women with pure squamous carcinomas even in what appears, clinically, to be early stage disease: such neoplasms are more frequent in women under the age of 40 years. The recognition of mucus secretion in a carcinoma and the detection of vascular permeation adjacent to the primary neoplasm identifies the patient at greatest risk of having pelvic lymph node metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Malignant lymphoma presenting as an ovarian tumour: a clinicopathological analysis of 34 cases.

The clinicopathological features of 34 patients with malignant lymphoma or leukaemia where the initial presentation was as an ovarian tumour are described. Nineteen patients died, usually within 1 year of diagnosis, whilst 15 survived, some for long periods. Factors indicating a poor prognosis were rapid onset of abdominal symptoms, the presence of systemic symptoms, bilateral ovarian tumours, advanced stage and a histological pattern other than that of a B-cell lymphoma. For staging purposes the Ann Arbor method appeared a more sensitive prognostic indicator than did the FIGO staging system. It is suggested that primary malignant lymphomas of the ovary are extremely rare and that for therapeutic purposes all lymphomas of the ovary should be regarded as local manifestations of systemic disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Intraplacental choriocarcinoma: a report of two cases.

Two examples of intraplacental choriocarcinoma are described. Both were small and had arisen in otherwise normal third trimester placentas. The covering mantle of many of the villi adjacent to the choriocarcinomas was formed, either focally or wholly, of neoplastic trophoblastic tissue: it is only at this stage of the development of a choriocarcinoma that villous structures are present, and a study of these cases adds further evidence for an origin of choriocarcinoma from villous trophoblast. Intraplacental choriocarcinomas can give rise to both maternal and fetal metastases during pregnancy, and it is suggested that such lesions also serve as an origin for those choriocarcinomas which follow a term pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of use of Signal system of blood culture in paediatrics.

A new method of blood culture, the Signal system (Oxoid), was assessed in paediatric practice. Isolation rates of pathogens, frequency of contamination (false positive results), and time taken to detect positive cultures were analysed. Four hundred and seventy nine organisms were isolated from 457 of 3000 cultures collected, of which 283 organisms were considered to be clinically important. The overall rate of positive cultures was 15.2%, and clinically important organisms were isolated from 9.1%, giving an overall contamination rate of 6.1%. The rate of contamination with Gram positive bacilli was 1.1% and coagulase negative staphylococci 4.2%. Over 51.6% of all isolates were detected within 24 hours, 81% within 48 hours, and 86% within three days: 91.1% of clinically important organisms were isolated within three days. Unimportant organisms tended to give a delayed signal, although this sometimes occurred with Candida spp, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp and a small number of other such organisms. Four hundred and forty nine of the 457 positive cultures gave a visible signal. Six of seven isolates of Haemophilus influenzae failed to give a signal, as did two coagulase negative staphylococci. The Signal system is a convenient and cost effective method of blood culture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Detecting faking on the Rorschach: computer versus expert clinical judgment.

In a previous study of the ability of expert Rorschach interpreters to detect faking that used true and malingered protocols, the experts faired very poorly. In this study, 50% of these same protocols were scored by the Exner system and analyzed by Exner's Semantic Computer Interpretation program. The program indicated invalidity of protocols only on the basis of low R and designated the faked protocols high on psychotic descriptors, barely indicating psychosis for the true schizophrenic protocols. Unlike the judges, however, the computer gave no psychotic designation to the normal protocols. The scoring-computer analysis method was as susceptible to faking as were the clinical judgments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Riesenzellen, goblet cells, Leydig cells and the large clear cells of Xenopus, in the amphibian larval epidermis: fine structure and a consideration of their homology.

The origin, fate and fine structure of the epidermal Riesenzellen of larvae of Bufo bufo, have been described by electronmicroscopy throughout their ontogeny. Riesenzellen are uncommon in the epidermis relative to the epithelial cells. In young larvae they differentiate from basal epithelial cells, which enlarge and become rounded, lucent and glandular, some at least to open at the epidermal surface. They have disappeared by the end of metamorphosis. Among amphibian larval specialized cells of the skin, the Riesenzellen so far are known to occur only in bufonid larvae. They differ in fine structure from goblet cells but show greater similarity with them than with other specialized epidermal cells. Riesenzellen are not homologous with Leydig cells of larval urodeles and Ichthyophis among the Gymnophiona. True Leydig cells are not represented by the Riesenzellen or Kugelzellen or other large cells, for example the so-called unicellular gland of Xenopus, in the larval anuran epidermis. Leydig cells do not occur in this group, a fact that could well be of significance in any assessment of amphibian phylogeny.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cognitive and neurologic findings in demented patients with diffuse white matter lucencies on computed tomographic scan (leuko-araiosis).

A series of patients referred to the University of Western Ontario, London, Dementia Study for investigation of possible dementia underwent computed tomographic scans, psychometric testing (Extended Scale for Dementia [ESD]), and neurologic examination. Thirty-nine of the 113 patients studied (ischemic score, less than or equal to 4) were found to have leuko-araiosis, which we have defined as patchy or diffuse lucencies in the white matter. Patients with leuko-araiosis had significantly lower mean scores on the ESD, 109.7 +/- 61.2, compared with mean scores of 148.5 +/- 78.0 in those without. However, only a trend toward lower scores on the ESD was observed when age, sex, education, and infarct were taken into account in the analysis of covariance. Leuko-araiosis was found to be associated with increasing age, hypertension, abnormalities of power in the limbs, and extensor-plantar responses in this sample of patients. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) alone, diagnosed clinically, 29 out of 91 demonstrated leuko-araiosis on computed tomography, but scores on the ESD in this group overall were not significantly different when those with and without leuko-araiosis were compared. In less advanced cases, however, a highly significant trend was evident for leuko-araiosis to be associated with increased dementia in AD. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that leuko-araiosis is associated with dementia in AD, and that this is either most marked or most easily identifiable before the dementia becomes very severe.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Distribution of Ca (Oxford) antigen on placental trophoblast.

The distribution of the Ca (Oxford) antigen in 75 human placentae has been studied using an immunohistological technique. The antigen was not detected until nineteen weeks gestation, when it first appeared on the surface of syncytial sprouts. Thereafter it spread to the syncytiotrophoblast of chorionic villi of all sizes, becoming more strongly expressed towards term. The antigen was consistently not detected on extravillous trophoblast. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to competing theories as to its function.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1987

Molecular evidence for the rapid propagation of mouse t haplotypes from a single, recent, ancestral chromosome.

Mouse t haplotypes are variant forms of chromosome 17 that exist at high frequencies in worldwide populations of two species of commensal mice. To determine both the relationship of t haplotypes to each other and the species within which they exist, 35 representative t haplotypes were analyzed by means of 10 independent molecular probes, including five DNA clones and five polypeptide spots identified by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. All of the tested haplotypes were found to share restriction fragments and polypeptide spots that are absent in mice carrying wild-type forms of chromosome 17. This observation provides the first direct evidence that all of the known t haplotypes are descendents of a single ancestral chromosome. The absence of variation among t haplotypes could mean that this ancestral chromosome existed relatively recently, in which case it would be necessary to postulate introgressions of t haplotypes across species lines to explain their presence in both Mus domesticus and M. musculus. Alternatively, it is possible that the ancestral chromosome existed prior to the split between M. domesticus and M. musculus and that, by chance, our probes fail to detect polymorphisms that exist among the t haplotypes. A further result of our analysis is the characterization of a partial t haplotype in a wild population of Israeli mice.

Animals↗