Biomedical subjects

H Fox

Publications and source records attributed to H Fox.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

PubMed1976

Placental changes in gestational diabetes. An ultrastructural study.

A light microscopic, an electron microscopic, and a ultrahistochemical study have been made of seven placentas from women with mild and excellently controlled chemical gestational diabetes. Only one placenta showed no significant abnormality; the remainder showed, to a varying degree, changes in the syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, trophoblastic basement membrane, and fetal vessels. These abnormalities were identical to and in some cases as severe as those found in placentas from women with longstanding, moderately controlled, overt diabetes mellitus. These findings indicate that control of hyperglycemia only partially prevents the development of placental abnormalities which must be due to some other constituent factor of the diabetic state.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1975

A clinicopathologic study of 92 cases of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary with special reference to the factors influencing prognosis.

Ninety-two cases of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary have been studied. The clinical and pathologic data from this group were similar to that obtained in previous series. Because of the long natural history of many granulosa cell tumors, crude death rates over a relatively short period give little indication of the true malignant potential of these neoplasms and hence corrected survival rates were calculated; these show that, if no patient died from any other disease, approximately half of the women with this neoplasm would die, as a result of the tumor, within 20 years. Factors indicating a relatively poor survival rate were: age over 40 at the time of diagnosis, a presentation with abdominal symptoms, a palpable mass, a solid large tumor, bilateral tumors, extraovarian spread, and numerous mitotic figures in the tumor. It is suggested that all granulosa cell tumors should be considered as malignant and that the factors pointing to a poor prognosis are those indicating that a particular tumor has been diagnosed at a late stage in its natural history, either because it has been present for a long time or because it is highly malignant. There are no definite criteria for defining the prognosis in a case in which the tumor has been removed at any early stage in its natural life history.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Comparative value of L-, and D-methionine supplementation of an oat-based diet for humans.

Total sulfur-containing amino acids have been found to be the first limiting amino acid in several foods in comparison with human amino acid requirements. Addition of methionine in appropriate amounts to these foods might be expected to improve protein value. Economically, DL-methionine would be preferable to L-methionine for this purpose. However, the comparative tuilization of L- DL-, and D-methionine is unclear. The objective of the current project was to compare the effectiveness of L-, DL-, and D-methionine supplementation of diets based on a food product known to be low in methionine value for human subjects. "Instant" oatmeal was fed to adult subjects to provide 4.0 g of nitrogen/day. In randomly arranged periods, these diets were supplemented with L-, DL-, or D-methionine at two levels (0.58 and 1.16 g of methionine/day). An unsupplemented diet was used in a control period. Diets were adequate in vitamins, minerals, and energy. Mean nitrogen balances of subjects while receiving the L-methionine supplements at the 0.58 and 1.16 g levels were minus0.10 and +0.06 g of nitrogen, respectively. At similar levels of DL-methionine supplementation, nitrogen balances were minus0.12 and minus0.15 g of nitrogen, respectively, and minus0.24 and minus0.18 g of nitrogen with D-methionine supplementation. The mean nitrogen balance when no supplement was used was minus0.22 g of nitrogen. Thus, D-methionine is seemingly poorly utilized by the human. Urinary methionine excretion data supported these results.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Mast cells and immunoglobulin E in inflammatory bowel disease.

The numbers of mast cells and of IgE-containing immunocytes in the bowel wall of patients suffering from Crohn's disease of ulcerative colitis have been estimated and the results compared with those found in normal control specimens. In ulcerative colitis there is a slight rise in the number of mast cells and it appears that these participate in the inflammatory process in a non-specific manner; the number of IgE-containing immunocytes is not significantly altered. In Crohn's disease there is an almost total absence of stainable mast cells in affected areas of the bowel, together with a marked decrease in IgE-containing immunocytes. It is suggested that these findings are due to degranulation of mast cells and consumption of IgE as a result of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction in the bowel wall, this being one component of the protein inflammatory and immunological response to the entry of a variety of antigenic material.

Antibody-Producing Cells↗

PubMed1975

The distribution of mucosal antibodies in the bowel of patients with Crohn's disease.

Specimens of intestine from 24 patients with histologically proven Crohn's disease have been studies by an immunofluorescent technique for the distribution of immunoglobulins A, G, M, E, and D. A marked reduction of IgA in lymphoid and epithelial cells was noted in those areas of the bowel which, although histologically affected, were not ulcerated; in the histologically unaffected areas of the bowel the distribution of IgA was similar to that found in control sections of normal bowel. There was an increase in IG7 in the affected areas but the numbers of lymphoid cells staining for IgD did not differ from those found in normal controls; in 12 cases of Crohn's disease, however, IgG appeared to be present in bound form on the surface of, and in, the epithelial cells. It is postulated that the local deficiency in IgA in the affected areas may be secondary to a local cell-mediated immune reaction, to a focal metaplasia of the surface epithelium, or to patchy bindings of anticolon antibodies to the surface epithelium. The effect of this local deficiency of IgA will be to allow for an increased focal entry of antigenic material into the bowel wall, and it is suggested that many of the pathological features of Crohn's disease are explicable on the basis of deep penetration of a variety of antigens.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1975

Trisomy 13 and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

Initial diagnosis of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome was made in an infant with a prominent nose and broad thumbs and first toes. However, due to the presence of other anomalies such as low-set, malformed ears, anti-mongoloid slant of the eyes, colobomata of the iris, and cleft palate, cytogenetic studies were carried out and the diagnosis of trisomy 13 was confirmed. Since, occasionally, trisomy 13 syndrome may mimic the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, cytogenetic studies should be considered in all patients with clinical diagnosis of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1975

Aspects of tail muscle ultrastructure and its degeneration in Rana temporaria.

1. Tail muscles of larval Rana temporaria and to a lesser extent Xenopus laevis, at prometamorphosis, were investigated by light and electron microscopy. In the case of Rana their degeneration is described at metamorphic climax. 2. The non-degenerate tail muscles of both genera are generally similar in their ultrastructure and likewise similar to those striated muscles of other adult vertebrates including amphibians. 3. At climax tail muscles of Rana degenerate by autolysis. It seems likely that lysosomal enzymes are directly involved in sarcoplasmic degeneration. The relationship between lysosomes and myofibrillar degradation is difficult to establish. The subject is discussed in the light of relevant information (mainly mammalian) on muscle dystrophies. 4. Anuran tail muscle is highly degraded before its probable phagocytosis by mesenchymal macrophages.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

A study of the secretory immune system of the female genital tract.

Immunocytes in the female genital tract are found principally in the endocervix. The predominant immunoglobulin produced in this site is IgA and this, together with the presence of secretory component in endocervical epithelium, indicates that a local secretory immune system, similar to that found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, exists in the endocervix. This local secretory immune system appears to be the major source of immunoglobulins in cervical mucus and the presence of secretory IgA in cervico-vaginal secretions provides an effective protection mechanism against viral and bacterial infections. Secretory IgA also acts non-specifically against exogenous antigens and may, by binding spermatozoal antigens, play a role in immunologically mediated infertility.

Adult↗

PubMed1975