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Biomedical subjects

H Evers

Publications and source records attributed to H Evers.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Reference values for the maximal expiratory flow volume curve for adults. Results of a cooperative study].

Reference values of the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve for the adult GDR's population have been ascertained by a co-operative study of 5 lung function laboratories. We analysed measurements in 1,004 healthy subjects aged 16 to 69 years (728 males and 276 females). Prediction equations for the maximal expiratory flow rates, several time constants of lung mechanics and screening parameters of ventilatory inhomogeneity have been calculated by means of the multiple linear regression analysis. Our reference values are in good accordance with SEPCR summary equations. It is recommended to subtract from or add to the predicted values 1.64 standard deviations and to consider abnormal all values beyond this limit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Local anaesthetics modifying the dermal response of irradiation. An experimental study.

In a series of experiments in rabbits the dermal reaction, provoked by a single dose or intermittent doses of irradiation, was prevented or modified by topical or parenteral administration of local anaesthetics, compared to irradiated control animals. The topical application of a eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine cream, EMLA 5%, was found to be more effective than intravenously injected lidocaine (Xylocain 1%).

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1986

Long-acting local anaesthetics in oral surgery. Clinical evaluation of bupivacaine and etidocaine for mandibular nerve block.

2 long-acting local anaesthetics, bupivacaine and etidocaine, have been compared to lidocaine with regard to effect during surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars and effect upon the immediate postoperative pain. It can be concluded from this study that both bupivacaine and etidocaine as well as lidocaine were highly effective and without significant difference with regard to pain blocking during surgery. Both long-acting solutions were significantly superior to lidocaine in providing an extended duration of postoperative pain control. Comparing the 2 long-acting solutions, patients in the bupivacaine group had a significantly longer pain-free period than patients in the etidocaine group.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed1986

[Daily ultrashort chemotherapy and intermittent short-term chemotherapy with 4 drugs of communicable pulmonary tuberculosis treated for the first time. Results of a cooperative multicenter study].

Three short-course regimens, all comprising isoniazide (H), rifampicine (R), streptomycine (S) and pyrazinamide (Z), are compared in a randomized prospective cooperative clinical trial. The drugs are given daily in a 3-month regimen (3-HRSZ), twice a week in a 6-month regimen (6-HRSZ2), and in a further two-phase 6-month regimen the 4 drugs are administered 3 times a week for the first 3 months followed by the administration of HSZ twice a week (without R) for further 3 months (3-HRSZ3/3-HSZ2). The number of patients admitted to study is 80, 144 and 139 respectively. The 3-month regimen has been stopped because of a high rate of relapses. 17 p.c. of the patients admitted have to be excluded from analysis for various reasons, out of these 5.8 p.c. because of adverse reactions. Two thirds of the patients had heavily positive sputum cultures at the start. 300 patients completed therapy. At the end of therapy cultures were negative in 94 p.c., 100 p.c. and 99 p.c. respectively. The rate of bacteriological relapses is 19 p.c. in 3-HRSZ, 9 p.c. in 3-HRSZ3/3-HSZ2 and 3 p.c. in 6-HRSZ2, during a follow-up period of 3-4 years after completing therapy. The acceptability was good in all treatment groups. Adverse reactions like "flu" were rarely observed. Increased blood urea was common but in general without clinical symptoms. Elevation of ALAT and ASAT was relatively frequent but mostly transient and without clinical importance. The results served as basis for the new "Recommendation for Treatment of Tuberculosis" and are interpreted with regard to practical consequences and possibilities for further rationalisation of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Value of the maximal expiratory flow-volume diagram in a longitudinal study. 2. Results in young adults].

In a 3-year follow-up we have investigated random samples of young men (initial age 20 to 24 years) by means of the modified BMRC questionnaire and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves. The participation in the second survey was relatively poor (51.9 p.c.). The lung function data of asymptomatic non-smokers were in good accordance with reference values of other authors. We found significant differences between smokers and non-smokers already in this age group. There was no correlation with the extent of smoking. Cessation of smoking resulted in improved ventilatory data, especially MEF 50. We found no close relation between bronchitis symptoms and ventilatory disturbances in these young men. Wheezing correlated better with lung function impairment. In young male adults the flow-volume curve seems to be somewhat more sensitive than conventional spirometry in contrast to the results in elder subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Periodontal ligament injection. An experimental study in the monkey.

In an experimental double blind, cross-over study in monkeys, the reactions of the periodontal tissue after periodontal ligament injection of local anaesthetic solution were investigated. Lidocaine 20 mg/ml with adrenaline 12.5 micrograms/ml and mepivacaine 30 mg/ml were used, and the injection times were 5 or 20 s. Histopathological analysis showed cell damage in the tissues near the injection areas immediately after the experimental procedure. In the specimens obtained one week after the periodontal ligament injections, the tissues were found to be normal.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1985

Dermal effects of compositions based on the eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine (EMLA). Studies in volunteers.

The effects of the cutaneous application of EMLA cream (a eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine in their base form) were studied in volunteers. When tested by pin-prick, EMLA cream 2.5% and 5% produced analgesia of the area tested, the cream being most effective if left in contact with the skin for 60 min. The pain produced by the insertion of an i.v. cannula was successfully blocked by the application of this formulation, especially if applied to the antecubital area. Temporary blanching of the skin areas was frequently observed on removal of the occlusive tape bandages, but prolonged, or repeated, application of 5% EMLA cream did not produce local skin reactions. Tests for delayed hypersensitivity reactions were negative. Plasma concentrations of lignocaine and prilocaine were low after a standard application.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

An anaesthetic lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA) for epicutaneous application tested for cutting split skin grafts.

A 5% eutectic mixture of the two local anaesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA, Astra Läkemedel AB) has been tested for application to the skin in the removal of split skin grafts. EMLA is an oil-in-water emulsion cream, containing 50 mg of active substances per ml (25 mg lidocaine, 25 mg prilocaine). The cream has been used on the donor sites of 146 patients and was applied a minimum of 1 h 30 min before surgery. 123 patients (84.3%) experienced adequate analgesia, feeling only the pressure of the dermatome or slight pain without objection to the skin graft being cut. 20 patients (13.7%) described the pain as being moderate, but the operation could be completed without further local or general anaesthesia. Three patients (2.0%) needed additional anaesthesia. Six patients complained of slight transient irritation immediately after application. After removal of the cream, erythema was present in 42 patients, pallor in 62 and oedema in 14. The concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine in the blood were measured in 106 patients and did not exceed 1100 ng ml-1 for lidocaine and 200 ng ml-1 for prilocaine. There were no systemic side-effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Experimental studies of new topical anaesthetics on the oral mucosa.

In order to reduce pain by injection, a frequently used topical anaesthetic is Xylocaine 5% ointment. This preparation, however, has certain limits in effectiveness. A new topical anaesthetic formulation, EMLA (Eutectic Mixture Local Anaesthetics), has been developed. Promising local anaesthetic properties on intact skin made it interesting to investigate the clinical usefulness of EMLA on mucous membranes and to find a suitable time of application. 30 volunteers, 20-40 yr, took part in the study. In two experimental double blind series, the topical anaesthetic effect was compared for EMLA 5% cream, Xylocaine 5% ointment, placebo cream, dry EMLA emulsion in cellulose discs and placebo discs. Application times were 2 and 5 minutes for the first three preparations, 2 minutes for the cellulose discs. The application areas were the alveolar mucosa in the lower buccal fold and the palatal mucosa. The pain by insertion of 27 or 30 gauge dental needles through the mucosa was registered. Xylocaine 5% and EMLA 5% reduced pain perception compared to placebo. For both Xylocaine 5% and EMLA 5% an application time of 2 minutes was found to be enough to produce a high degree of mucosal analgesia in the lower buccal fold. In the palatal area, however, the pain was not totally blocked by any of the investigated preparations but after 5 minutes of application EMLA showed a higher degree of analgesia. EMLA 5% creams was poorly localized at the applied area while the cellulose EMLA discs seemed to be more useful. No side effects were noticed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

[Course study of pulmonary artery pressure in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis].

In 73 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis we measured the pulmonary artery pressure for a mean period of 3,6 years (max. 7,7 years). Out of 37 patients with primary normal pressure 11 men (29,7%) developed a latent or manifest pulmonary hypertension. At the first examination 28 men had a manifest hypertension, 16 of them (57,1%) stayed constantly, but 7 (25%) showed a further deterioration. Only 5 patients (17,9%) have improved, 3 of them were normalized. Five of eight patients with latent hypertension deteriorated to manifest hypertension. An annual FEV1 decline greater than 60 ml we found in 60,9% of all patients with increasing pulmonary artery pressure. The unsatisfactory specificity of this sign (52%) improved by consideration of arterial oxygen tension and the diameter of the right descending branch (RDB) of pulmonary artery. We stated an increasing pressure in 64,7% of cases developing arterial hypoxemia and in 68,8% of patients with dilatation of RDB (Sensitivity of these signs 47,8%, specificity 88 respectively 90%).

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1985

[Prediction of pulmonary hypertension from simple, noninvasive parameters using discriminant analysis].

Based on a large number of males with chronic obstructive bronchitis, the usefulness of discriminant analysis for prediction of pulmonary hypertension has been investigated. Two groups were formed: 227 men with overt pulmonary hypertension; 145 patients without pulmonary hypertension Applying the discriminant analysis, 9 variables were selected step by step; 6 out of them were measurably contributing to the discrimination of both groups. As relevant turned out diameter of the right descending pulmonary artery, FVC% predicted, FEV1% FVC, pa2, systolic blood pressure, and RV% TLC. In a procedure of reclassification, based upon the calculated discriminant functions, 82,6% of the cases were correctly classified (sensitivity 80,6%, specificity 86,2%). A pocket calculator programme following the method by Läuter gave identical results. The application of the discriminant function to a new group of 147 unselected men with chronic obstructive bronchitis corroborated the foregoing results. 79,1% of all patients with overt or latent pulmonary hyper-tension were detected. For overt hypertension the sensitivity was 88,4%, for latent hypertension 62,5%. Using this method, decision-making regarding heart catheterism can be improved. It must be stressed, however, that this discriminant function is not valid for women and for other diagnosis groups in males.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1985

[Value of the maximal expiratory flow-volume diagram in a longitudinal study].

In a 4-year follow-up we have measured the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve in a random sample of the population of a hydrogen chloride air-polluted area. At the first investigation the pressure transducer of our pneumotachograph had shown an unsatisfactory frequency characteristic. Therefore the initial flow of the flow-volume curve (PEF and MEF 75) were underestimated. The values for asymptomatic non-smokers of the restudy were in good accordance with reference values of other authors. On both occasions we found significant differences between smokers and non-smokers and between persons with and without bronchitis. The lung function data correlated also with tobacco consumption. There was no evidence for superiority of the maximal expiratory flow rates over the conventional spirometric parameters FEV1 and FVC.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Old women's self perceptions of dependency and some implications for service provision.

Fifty women aged 75 years or older who were living alone were visited to determine their self perception of dependency. There was a wide variety in reported capacity for self care but two patterns are isolated: those who were active initiators with a self perception of independence and passive responders with a perception of dependence. Service providers should take cognisance of the woman's self perception in the effective delivery of services.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Aspiration in oral local anaesthesia. Frequency of blood in cartridges in an undergraduate student material.

In an experimental study, comprising 1662 injections performed by 120 dental students, the number of aspirations, which were positive for blood was recorded. The highest frequency of positive blood findings in the cartridges by aspiration was found with the mandibular block injections (11,3 per cent). The results are similar to those described in earlier investigations, in which experienced clinicians made the injections. Thus, the clinical experience does not seem to be of determining importance in this connection.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1982

[Relevance of the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve in an epidemiological study].

In an epidemiological study a random sample (1,554 males aged 35 to 54 years) of the population of a hydrogen chloride air-polluted area was investigated by means of the modified MRC questionnaire and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves. The MEF-values were dependent on age and height. We stated no significant differences between potash miners and the remaining population. In contrast we found significant differences between smokers and non-smokers and also between persons with and without respiratory symptoms. Persons with bronchitis and chronic bronchitis most differed from reference groups in MEF 75 (flow at high lung volume). Comparing smokers with non-smokers MEF 25 attained the highest significance level. In our investigation the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve was only a little more sensitive than conventional spirometry.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Antithrombotic effects of lidocaine and related compounds on laser-induced microvascular injury.

The aim was to study whether topically applied local anaesthetics and related compounds exert an antithrombotic effect. The assay was carried out through vital microscopy of the microcirculation in the hamster cheek pouch model as injured by laser microbeam irradiation, essentially in order to record the differences in the incidence of thrombus formation between two main experimental and control series. The application of lidocaine hydrochloride was found to inhibit thrombus formation and also to restore the microcirculation after laser-induced injury. The other investigated compounds, mono-ethyl-glycinexylidide, tocainide and bupivacaine were found to be less active with regard to inhibition of thrombus formation and flow restitution effects. It is concluded that an antithrombotic effect may be attributed to lidocaine in particular.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1981

[Results of the flow-volume curve in patients with bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

In 65 asthmatic patients aged 18 to 59 years maximal expiratory flow-volume curves were performed. The measurements were done with a pneumotachograph in connection with a self-developed two-channel FM modulator, a stereo tape recorder, and a X-Y recorder. We examined 53 patients in clinical remission and 12 patients during an attack period. The greatest sensitivity of the tested flow-volume data had MEF 50/FVC pred. and the time constant of the terminal portion of the curve. MEF 50/MEF 75 and V2/V1 were about equally sensitive for detecting ventilatory inhomogeneities. The attack group most differed from the remission groups in FVC % pred., MEF 50/FVC pred. and the other flow rates. The flow-volume curve is a valuable method to assess obstruction and ventilatory inhomogeneity in asthmatic patients. It has a greater sensitivity than conventional spirometry.

Adolescent↗