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Biomedical subjects

H Endo

Publications and source records attributed to H Endo.

695 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Trichoblastoma of the skin occurring in the breast. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Trichoblastoma is a rare benign skin appendage tumor constituted mostly of follicular germinative cells. It can arise on any part of the body except the palms, soles, nail units and mucosal membranes. No case of it in breast skin has been reported before. Furthermore, fine needle aspiration cytology findings on this lesion have not been described before. CASE: A 76-year-old female presented with a firm nodule in her left breast. The tumor was well demarcated, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed clusters composed of relatively uniform cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. In the midst of some clusters, the tumor cells had a more abundant cytoplasm. Fibrocellular interstitium or dense cyanophilic acellular material occasionally was attached to them. The tumor cells had oval or fusiform nuclei that had fine, evenly dispersed chromatin. To exclude a diagnosis of breast cancer, it is important to recognize that the clusters are composed of basaloid cells with focal squamous eddies and that there is at least focally peripheral palisading. The histopathologic diagnosis was trichoblastoma. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration cytology can distinguish trichoblastoma from malignant diseases of the breast and may be used to diagnose the lesion in conjunction with clinical findings.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circulating endothelial cells fail to induce cerebral infarction in rabbits.

Exfoliated cells that appear to be circulating endothelial cells were detected in human blood. Because the size of endothelial cells is larger than that of other circulating blood cells, we investigated whether the increased number of circulating endothelial cells might be responsible for cerebral embolism. We compared rabbits into which suspensions of endothelial cells were injected through the common carotid arteries with control rabbits into which blood clots or arachidonic acid were administered in the same manner. Injected endothelial cells failed to cause cerebral embolism. Because the majority of exfoliated circulating endothelial cells were degenerated and deformed, the suspensions of endothelial cells obtained from rabbit aortas were treated by ultrasonic waves. These suspensions also failed to cause cerebral embolism. We conclude that cerebral embolism cannot be induced by an increase of circulating endothelial cells alone.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytoskeletal neurofilament gene expression in brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease patients. I. Decrease in NF-L and NF-M message.

The cytoskeletal changes seen in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease include neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, Hirano bodies, and granulovacuolar degeneration. Northern and slot blot analyses were used to investigate the expression of the genes coding for actin, tubulin, neurofilaments, and histone in brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease patients and normal aged controls. We found a marked decrease of 94% in the expression of the neurofilament gene coding for the medium size subunit (150 kDa) and a 73% decrease in the expression of the gene coding for the small subunit (68 kDa) in Alzheimer's disease patients as compared to controls. Expression of the other genes, such as actin and histone, did not show any significant difference. Expression of the gene coding for medium size, neurofilament gene was not decreased in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. This abnormality in neurofilament gene expression may explain some of the pathologic features found in Alzheimer's disease patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Awareness and feelings of elderly patients and their families concerning disease during terminal hospitalization--malignancy versus non-malignancy].

We conducted a questionnaire survey on the awareness and feelings of elderly patients and their families concerning their diseases and prognosis during terminal hospitalization. Sixty-five families of 177 patients who died at our hospital in 1992 answered questions concerning estimation of the prognosis, understanding of the disease, satisfaction regarding explanation of the disease, wish to be informed of the diagnosis, feelings during hospitalization, and whether the family revealed the diagnosis to the patient. Patients with malignancy were not informed of the true diagnosis at this time. As to estimation of the prognosis, patients aged 70 or older who did not expect "cure" of their diseases at first were significantly fewer, and those anticipating "death" just before dying were significantly more frequent than those under age 70. In patients with malignancy, those aged 70 or older foresaw "incurability" at first significantly more frequently than those under age 70. Patients with malignancy knew the diagnosis in significantly fewer cases, believed the false diagnosis significantly more frequently, and showed dissatisfaction with the explanation of the disease significantly more frequently, than those with non-malignancy. Proportions of the family who told the diagnosis to the patient were 11.8% in malignancy and 38.8% in non-malignancy with statistical significance. These data indicate that medical care during terminal hospitalization should be modified principally based on informed consent, if that is the wish of the patient.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fibrous scar in the infrapatellar fat pad after arthroscopy: MR imaging.

PURPOSE: We describe the MR appearance of fibrous scars in the infrapatellar fat pad after arthroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 96 patients who underwent arthroscope-assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and were examined by oblique sagittal MR imaging at different follow-up intervals. Two observers evaluated the characteristics of the fibrous scars in the infrapatellar fat pad. RESULTS: All fibrous scars with low signal intensity were accentuated at the portal and coursed horizontally through the infrapatellar fat pad. The fibrous scar within the fat pad occurred and peaked within 6 months after arthroscopy. It then subsided gradually and had disappeared by one year later in nearly half of the patients. CONCLUSION: Identifying MR imaging characteristics of fibrous scars in the fat pad after arthroscopy may be clinically helpful to differentiate these scars from other abnormalities that involve the infrapatellar fat pad.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of malignant thymoma in primary tumor and metastatic lesions using 99mTc-tetrofosmin scintigraphy.

99mTc-tetrofosmin was developed as a myocardial perfusion imaging agent and can also be used to depict tumors. We have experienced five cases of malignant thymoma delineated on 99mTc-tetrofosmin SPECT. In one case significant activity was clearly detected in the primary tumor and metastatic lesions. In quantitative analysis, similar 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 201Tl-chloride uptake ratios were obtained (1.95+/-0.57 versus 2.27+/-0.85, respectively; n.s.). The ability of 99mTc-tetrofosmin to detect malignant thymoma was comparable to that of 201Tl-chloride. Therefore, 99mTc-tetrofosmin might be a useful tracer for the detection of malignant thymoma, although more studies will be required to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First pass metabolism and in vitro metabolism of a new orally active dopamine prodrug, N-(N-acetyl-L-methionyl)-O,O-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)dopamine in dogs.

To elucidate the first pass metabolism of the dopamine prodrug N-(N-acetyl-L-methionyl)-O,O-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)dopamine (TA-870) in the small intestine and liver of dogs, the blood and plasma concentrations of unchanged TA-870 and metabolites in the gastroduodenal vein, portal vein, hepatic vein, and abdominal aorta were measured by HPLC after intraduodenal administration of TA-870. In addition, an in vitro metabolic study of TA-870 was carried out using liver, small intestinal wall, and blood homogenates of dogs. The order of maximal concentration (Cmax 0-30 min) in gastroduodenal blood or plasma was unchanged TA-870 greater than deethoxycarbonylated TA-870 (DEC-TA-870) greater than conjugated dopamine greater than free dopamine (DA) greater than free homovanillic acid (HVA) greater than free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). This result showed that the main pathway of metabolism in the small intestine is catechol ester hydrolysis and minor pathways are amido hydrolysis, oxidative deamination, and catechol 3-O-methylation. The order of Cmax in the hepatic vein and abdominal aorta was conjugated DA greater than free DEC-TA-870 greater than free HVA greater than free DA greater than free DOPAC greater than conjugated DOPAC greater than unchanged TA-870. The main metabolic pathways in the liver were hydrolyses of ester and amido-linkage of TA-870 and conjugation of DA. In the in vitro studies, the main metabolites of TA-870 in liver, small intestinal wall, and blood homogenates were DEC-TA-870, 3- or 4-mono-deethoxycarbonylated TA-870, DA, and an unknown compound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disposition of a new orally active dopamine prodrug, N-(N-acetyl-L-methionyl)-O,O-bis(ethoxycarbonyl) dopamine (TA-870) in humans.

Dopamine (DA) levels in human plasma after oral administration of TA-870 and iv infusion of DA were measured by HPLC. The metabolites of TA-870 or DA in plasma and urine were also determined. The maximal concentrations (Cmax) of free DA in plasma after oral administration of 750 and 1500 mg of TA-870 to humans were 63 and 127 ng/ml, respectively, being higher than the concentrations of 8 and 31 ng/ml following the infusion of 1 and 3 micrograms/kg/min, the clinical doses of DA. These results demonstrated the clinical usefulness of TA-870. The plasma level of free deethoxycarbonylated TA-870 (DEC-TA-870) after oral administration of TA-870 was higher than that of DA. After oral administration of TA-870, the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in plasma was higher than that after DA infusion, but the concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA) was about the same as that after DA infusion. The level of the total urinary metabolites (free and conjugated) after oral administration of TA-870 decreased as follows: DA greater than HVA greater than DOPAC greater than DEC-TA-870. The conjugated/free ratios of urinary metabolites after TA-870 dosing were 40-66 for DA, 0.5 for HVA, 0.6-0.9 for DOPAC, and 5.0-6.2 for DEC-TA-870. The composition of urinary metabolites after oral dosing of TA-870 was almost the same as that the DA metabolites. These results show that TA-870 is rapidly converted to DA in the human body.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study on the disposition of a new orally active dopamine prodrug, N-(N-acetyl-L-methionyl)-O,O-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)dopamine (TA-870) and dopamine hydrochloride in rats and dogs.

The pharmacokinetics of a dopamine derivative, TA-870, and dopamine (DA) after oral administration are compared in rats and dogs. The maximum concentrations of free DA in plasma after oral administration of TA-870 were 150 ng/ml in the rat (30 mg/kg) and 234 ng/ml in the dog (33.5 mg/kg). On the contrary, the maximum plasma concentrations after oral administration of DA at an equimolar dose to TA-870 were 12 ng/ml in the rat (12 mg/kg) and 36 ng/ml in the dog (13.5 mg/kg). The AUC values of free DA in plasma after oral administration of TA-870 (30 or 33.5 mg/kg) were 4-6 times higher than those after DA in both animal species. The peak tissue levels of radioactivity in rats after oral administration of [14C]TA-870 (30 mg/kg) were also 5.5 times higher in the liver and 1-2 times higher in other tissues than those after [14C]DA dose (12 mg/kg). In rats, the main excretion route of radioactivity after oral administration of [14C]TA-870 or DA was via the urine. The total recoveries of radioactivity in the urine and feces were 91-96% of the dose within 24 hr for both compounds. Biliary excretion in rats accounted for 19.8% of the dose of [14C]TA-870 and 12.6% of the dose of [14C]DA within 24 hr. These results demonstrate that TA-870 was well absorbed from the digestive tract, extensively metabolized to dopamine, and proved to be an orally usable dopamine prodrug.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study of cerebral ventricular dilation and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease of early versus late onset.

The clinical, psychological, and neurologic characteristics of 37 Japanese patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (eAD; onset before age 65 years) were compared with those of 23 patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (lAD; onset at age 65 years or later). This study evaluated brain atrophy using computed tomographic (CT) scans, and the behavioral and psychological differences in the two groups using the Gottfries-Bråne-Steen scale, Japanese revision (GBSS-JR). Follow-up CT scans were obtained and compared in 20 patients with eAD, 24 patients with lAD, and 23 elderly nondemented control subjects. The size of lateral cerebral ventricular dilation, measured every 6 months following admission, was significantly larger in the eAD patients than in the control subjects. The characteristics of the 37 patients with eAD were compared with those of the 23 patients with lAD by evaluating the scores on all 38 items in the five categories of the GBSS-JR. To compare the test results by duration of disease, patients were divided into subgroups according to average duration of disease: eAD1 (nine patients), 2.2 years; eAD2 (16 patients), 5.0 years; eAD3 (12 patients), 9.0 years; lAD1 (seven patients), 1.6 years; lAD2 (10 patients), 3.1 years; and lAD3 (six patients), 5.3 years. The GBSS-JR scores were compared in duration-matched pairs, that is, eAD1 versus lAD1 and eAD2 versus lAD3. The eAD1 patients showed significantly worse scores in four categories and 13 items compared with the lAD1 patients. Fewer differences in scores were found between eAD2 patients and the lAD3 patients than between the eAD1 patients and the lAD1 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗