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Biomedical subjects

H D Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to H D Wilson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Septic Arthritis and osteomyelitis caused by an organism of the genus Rhodococcus.

We describe a previously healthy, immunologically normal young girl who presented painless swelling of fingers, a toe, and one knee. Roentgenograms were consistent with osteomyelitis of the phalanges and knee effusion. Rice bodies (corpora oryzoidea) were identified in viscous fluid obtained from the knee during arthroscopy. Culture of this fluid grew an organism initially believed to be a member of the genus Nocardia but which was later presumptively identified as a member of the genus Rhodococcus. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of erythromycin and amoxicillin for a total of 6 months. Previously reported cases of this unusual infection and the microbiological features of the organism are reviewed. The significance of rice bodies found in joint fluid and the therapy of this infection are discussed.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1981

Alpha-aminoisobutyric acid loss by rat small intestine: role of intestinal site and luminal contents.

Loss of amino acid into the lumen may be important in diarrheal states. Labeled alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was given parenterally, and concentration gradients developed between lumen, intestinal tissue and plasma. After 24 h, we measured AIB loss into the intestinal lumen by recirculating isolated segments in situ under conditions of either net water absorption or net water secretion. Final 14C-AIB concentrations in intestinal tissue were 200-800 times that of lumen, 6--15 times that of serum. Despite increased total 14C-AIB loss during net water secretion, and based on the low luminal 14C-AIB concentrations, the contribution of amino acid loss to fecal nitrogen during osmotic diarrhea appears to be minimal.

Aminoisobutyric Acids↗
PubMed1981

Effects of diabetes of calcium-binding protein in the cecum and colon of the rat.

Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was measured in the mucosa of cecum and colon of pair-fed control and diabetic rats. After extraction from mucosa, CaBP was purified by Bio-gel P-100 chromatography, and eluted fractions were analyzed by Chelex assay to define the peak of CaBP. Total CaBP content of mucosa in cecum was slightly depressed in diabetics compared to controls, but was decreased to one-third the control value in colon. Specific activity (CaBP per g mucosa and per mg protein) of diabetics was reduced to two-thirds the control value in both segments. Thus, in diabetes, the response of large intestinal CaBP is similar, but of lower magnitude than that of duodenum.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Nafcillin-induced neutropenia in two children.

Two cases of nafcillin-induced neutropenia in children are discussed. A seven-year-old girl was referred to the hospital after the pain and swelling in her foot persisted despite five days of oral penicillin VK therapy. Administration of intravenous nafcillin 150 mg/kg/day was started upon admission. The patient's leukocyte count was normal upon admission; further, her leukocyte and neutrophil counts were normal on the 10th and 17th days of hospitalization. After 22 days of nafcillin therapy, her leukocyte and neutrophil counts fell to 2300 and 162/cu mm, respectively. Three days after the nafcillin was discontinued, the leukocyte count was 5800/cu mm. The patient was given dicloxacillin 50 mg/kg/day, and had no recurrence of neutropenia. The second case involved a 28-month-old girl admitted to the hospital with fever, irritability, and skin rash. Her leukocyte count was normal upon admission. She received 10 days of penicillin G 100,000 units/kg/day, followed by 10 days of nafcillin 150 mg/kg/day, before neutropenia was discovered. On the ninth day of nafcillin therapy, here leukocyte and neutrophil counts were 4200 and 822/cu mm, respectively. Nafcillin was discontinued and cefazolin therapy was initiated at 100 mg/kg/day. Blood counts returned to normal, and there was no recurrence of neutropenia. Differential blood cell counts should be performed on patients receiving nafcillin, and, if neutropenia develops, nafcillin should be discontinued and treatment with a nonpenicillin antimicrobial considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Prospective randomized study of therapy in cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection.

Thirty patients who met the rigid criteria for a prospective randomized study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infections underwent therapy with the three currently advocated treatment modalities to determine the efficacy of each form of therapy. Ten patients (Group A) underwent shunt removal and, in addition to receiving systemic antibiotics, were treated by either external ventricular drainage or intermittent ventricular taps for decompression and antibiotic administration; 10 patients (Group B) were treated by removal and immediate replacement of the shunt and intrashunt antibiotic therapy; and 10 patients (Group C) received antibiotics without removal or replacement of the shunt. All patients were given intravenous and intraventricular antibiotics as follows: in Group A, antibiotics were given by both the intravenous and the intraventricular routes for a minimal period of 7 days; in Group B, intravenous antibiotics were administered for a minimal period of 3 weeks and twice daily intraventricular antibiotics were given for a minimal period of 2 weeks; in Group C, intravenous antibiotics were administered for a minimal period of 3 weeks and twice daily intraventricular antibiotics were given for a minimal period of 2 weeks. In all patients, CSF was obtained from the shunt and cultured 48 hours after the cessation of antibiotic therapy, and the cultures were repeated within 4 months of the completion of treatment. All patients in Group A and 9 of 10 patients in Group B were treated successfully. They were clinically asymptomatic, and cultures after treatment were sterile. However, only 3 patients in Group C responded to treatment. The remaining patients of Group C had persistent infections requiring additional therapy. The mean follow-up of the study group was 23 +/- 14 (SD) months. The mean hospitalization time for the study group was 33 +/- 21 days; the hospitalization time was 24.7 +/- 17 days for Group A alone, 32.7 +/- 8 days for Group B, and 47 +/- 37 days Group C.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Disulfiram-like reaction associated with a parenteral cephalosporin.

A disulfiram-like reaction attributed to cefoperazone, an investigational cephalosporin, is reported. Cefoperazone (T-1551, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a semisynthetic, parenteral cephalosporin undergoing clinical trials in the United States, was administered in single 1-, 2-, and 3-g doses to 12 healthy volunteers. The drug was administered as a 5% solution by constant infusion over a five-minute period, and one week was allowed between doses. Approximately 25 hours after receiving the 3-g dose, one subject experienced facial flushing after drinking 12 fluid ounces of beer. A second ingestion of 24 ounces of beer eight hours later produced facial flushing, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and pounding headache; the symptoms lasted 1.5-2 hours. A subsequent rechallenge with beer five hours later produced an identical reaction, but the symptoms subsided rapidly. Further rechallenge 60 hours after receiving the drug produced no ill effects. No such reaction appears to have been reported previously as being associated with the administration of a cephalosporin.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of respiration on the echocardiogram in children with cystic fibrosis.

Respiration-related cyclic variation was noted in echocardiographic measurements of right and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension. D-E amplitude of the anterior mitral leaflet, and mitral valve E-F slope in 26 children with cystic fibrosis. The observed echographic changes seem to be an exaggeration of the normal physiologic variation seen with respiration. In children with advanced respiratory disease, airway obstruction, rather than cor pulmonale, may be responsible for this exaggeration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of diet, energy restriction and diabetes on hexose transport in the rat.

1. Effects of dietary composition, energy restriction, and diabetes on hexose absorption were examined by feeding male rats isoenergetic, semi-synthetic diets of differing carbohydrate and protein content. Diets were carbohydrate, (g/kg): 890 sucrose; carbohydrate-protien, 500 sucrose, 390 casein; or protein, 890 casein. An additional group was fed on commercial rat chow ad lib. 2. Hexose (3-O-methyl-D-glucose) absorption was measured by luminal perfusion of the entire small intestine in situ. Absorption by the total small intestine, i.e. absorption per rat, and absorption per g dry weight of mucosa (specific absorption) were calculated. 3. When semi-synthetic diets were fed at 210 kJ/d to normal animals absorption depended on composition of diets: carbohydrate enhanced or protein suppressed hexose absorption. Dietary carbohydrate as glucose, dextrimaltose or starch gave the same hexose absorption response as sucrose. 4. When diets of normal rats were restricted to 118 kJ/d, specific absorption was independent of dietary composition and was increased for all dietary groups to the level of the group fed on the carbohydrate diet at 210 kJ/d. 5. When diabetic rats were given 210 kJ/d, hexose specific absorption was the same for all diabetic groups independent of dietary composition and was equal to that of controls given carbohydrate, but greater than that of protein-fed controls. 6. Thus, when two of the three stimuli (i.e. carbohydrate diet plus energy restriction or diabetes) were combined, the effect was not additive, and the response of hexose specific absorption to diabetes and energy restriction was the same: absorption was independent of dietary composition and was stimulated relative to controls fed on diets containing protein. 7. The pattern of response of total small intestinal hexose absorption to the stimuli of dietary composition, energy restriction and diabetes was similar to that of specific absorption. 8. Compared with groups given semi-synthetic diets, rats eating commercial rat chow ad lib. (approximately 286 kJ/d) showed increased mucosal mass and decreased specific absorption, but total absorption was similar to that of the carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein-fed groups. 9. In a separate study in control rats, specific and total intestinal absorption of L-leucine did not respond to dietary composition, i.e. level of protein fed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Vitamin D dependence of in vivo calcium transport and mucosal calcium binding protein in rat large intestine.

Dependence of large intestinal calcium transport on vitamin D has been examined in vitro in colon only. The authors studied calcium fluxes in cecum and colon in vivo by perfusion with 1.6 mM calcium chloride in saline. Tracer 45Ca either was injected parenterally 24 hr before study or was added to the perfusates. For 8--10 wk after weaning, rats had been fed a rachitogenic diet; 48 and 24 hr before study, 50% of the animals were treated with 20,000 IU vitamin E2. In a separate set of animals, mucosal calcium binding protein was analyzed by the Chelex assay method. In comparison with vitamin D-deficient rats, the colon of vitamin D-treated rats showed higher lumen-to-plasma flux and lower plasma-to-lumen flux and net absorption instead of net secretion. In cecum, calcium transport was not significantly altered by vitamin D treatment. Mucosal calcium binding protein was higher in cecum than in colon in both groups and was higher in vitamin-D-treated than in vitamin D-deficient animals in both segments. The current study shows that in the rat colon calcium fluxes both into and out of the lumen as well as net transport are significantly by vitamin D treatment, but that cecal transport rates are not affected. In both cecum and colon, mucosal calcium binding protein increases with vitamin D treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of dietary protein on body weight, mucosal growth, and calcium absorption in the rat.

Previous studies of dietary protein intake and calcium balance demonstrate decreased fecal calcium excretion with high-protein diets. To determine whether a duodenal or ileal calcium transport response could account for these findings, we examined calcium transport by these two segments directly by in situ perfusion. Weight-matched growing rats were pair-fed isocaloric diets for 6-8 days containing 89% protein (casein), 39% and 0% protein. Sucrose was substituted for the decreased casein in the 39% and 0% protein diets. Each diet also contained 5% fat, a mineral mix, and vitamins. Calcium content of all diets was 0.5%. Body weight was maintained by the 39% protein group; weight loss was 5% for the 89% protein group and 18% for the 0% protein group. Small-intestinal weight as a percentage of body weight was the same for the three groups. For both the duodenum and the ileum, mucosal dry weight per centimeter was greater in the 39% protein group than either the 89% protein or 0% protein group. Calcium absorption per gram dry weight of mucosa (absorptive specific activity) was the same for all diet groups, but because of the greater mucosal weight per unit length in the 39% protein group, absorption per centimeter was increased in this group. In conclusion, although we found no direct relation between dietary protein and mucosal absorptive specific activity for calcium, calcium absorption was determined by the amount of mucosa which was dependent on protein intake and reflected the nutritional status of the body.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic concentrations in ventricular shunt infections.

The concentration of antibiotic in cerebrospinal fluid was measured during treatment of seven children with infected ventricular shunts. Antibiotics were administered via the ventricular shunt or through an external ventricular drain. 53 CSF samples were obtained 7-19 h after antibiotic administration. Wide variation in cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic concentration occurred from patient to patient following either route of administration. For optimal management of shunt infections, we recommend periodic assessment of antibiotic concentration or activity in ventricular fluid and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotic required for each pathogen.

Ampicillin↗