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Biomedical subjects

H Chiba

Publications and source records attributed to H Chiba.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Colonization pattern of Pasteurella pneumotropica in mice with latent pasteurellosis.

Colonization pattern of Pasteurella pneumotropica (P. pneumotropica) in mice with latent pasteurellosis was examined with the original selective media, NKBT medium and TGN broth. In the mice of 0 to 15 weeks old, the organism was mainly isolated from the upper respiratory tract, lower intestinal tract, feces and vagina, with the highest isolation rate in the pharyngolarynx. In the pregnant and lactating mice, the organism was isolated from the same sites, but not from the uterus, fetus or mammary gland. In the neonates, the organism was isolated from the respiratory and intestinal tracts within 24hr after birth. The organism was constantly detected in the feces of the 0- to 20-week-old mice, with the highest viable count one week after birth. Through the monitoring of mouse colonies, the pharyngolarynx always showed higher isolation rate than the feces in several mouse strains. These results reveal that the pharyngolarynx is the primary colonization site of P. pneumotropica in mice, and the lower intestinal tract and vagina are also the main sites. Further, frequent isolation of the organism from the feces and vagina, and the results in neonates suggest the mode of the transmission to newborn mice in the colony, i.e., intravaginal infection at the partition, and oro-nasal infection through the maternal feces and saliva.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity in normal and abnormal adrenal tissues].

Immunohistochemical study on localization of apo E in normal and abnormal adrenal tissues was performed using polyclonal anti-human apo E antibodies. In normal adrenal glands, the cortex showed intense staining, in particular, in the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis, while the medulla showed weak staining. In a case of adrenal hyperplasia, apo E immunoreactivity was equivalent to that in the normal cortex. In adenomas (primary aldosteronism, n = 7; Cushing's syndrome, n = 2; others, n = 2), apo E was stained normally or to some extent weakly in comparison with the normal cortex. Adrenocortical carcinoma showed only faint staining. The results indicate that apo E may relate to the functional activity of adrenal cortex, and suggest that immunohistochemical study for apo E may help to distinguish the malignancy from benign adrenal neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Automated simultaneous measurements of activity and antigenicity of plasma antithrombin III].

Plasma antithrombin III activity and concentration were measured simultaneously on COBAS MIRA-S by colorimetry using a synthetic substrate and by immunoturbidimetry, respectively, in normal subjects (n = 30), in patients with liver disease (n = 37), and in those with thrombosis (n = 76). The activity/concentration ratio of plasma antithrombin III, in which concentration was represented as the ratio to the mean concentration for normal, was evaluated in each group. Results showed that the ratio was significantly lower in patients with liver diseases (0.76 +/- 0.18, mean +/- SD, p < 0.01) and in thrombotic patients (0.89 +/- 0.18, p < 0.01) than that in normal (1.07 +/- 0.06), demonstrating the predominance of antithrombin III molecules with low activity in the former groups. This simple and rapid (< 10 min) method is applicable for detecting such the constitutional change in plasma antithrombin III.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Determination of urinary 18-hydroxycortisol by isocratic normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

A method for the determination of urinary 18-hydroxycortisol by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Urinary samples were first mixed with an internal standard, 18-hydroxyprednisolone. 18-Hydroxycortisol and 18-hydroxyprednisolone, extracted by a Bond Elut column, were dehydrated by 1% (w/v) p-toluenesulphonic acid to the 11,18-epoxides. The epoxides were separated into two distinct peaks on a Resolve Silica column with a mobile phase of chloroform-methanol (100:2.5, v/v). The detection wavelength was 248 nm. The urinary 18-hydroxycortisol concentration was calculated from peak-height ratio of 11,18-epoxycortisol to 11,18-epoxyprednisolone. The linearity of the ratio was satisfactory in the range 12.5-300 ng per injection of 11,18-epoxycortisol. A specific increase of urinary 18-hydroxycortisol in patients with primary aldosteronism was demonstrated.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1993

Increased plasma apolipoprotein E-rich high-density lipoprotein and its effect on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol determination in patients with familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia due to cholesteryl ester transfer activity deficiency.

Plasma apo E-rich HDL was studied in regard to its quantity and chemical composition in the members of a family with cholesteryl ester transfer activity deficiency, exhibiting familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The approach involved a simple precipitation method established in our laboratory. Serum apo E-rich HDL concentrations for two homozygous members were elevated up to 66 and 60 mg/dl in terms of cholesterol (normal, 6.7 +/- 2.3 mg/dl, n = 38), and to 9.4 and 10.8 mg/dl in terms of apo E (normal, 2.6 +/- 1.5 mg/dl, n = 38). The cholesterol/apo E ratio (mole/mole) of apo E-rich HDL was higher in two homozygotes (669 and 531) than in two cholestatic patients with elevated apo E-rich HDL (268 and 149) and in normal subjects (242 +/- 115, n = 38). Chromatographic studies of the serum from a homozygote showed enlargement of all HDL subclasses and apo E in the larger HDL subclass. These facts indicate that the increase of apo E-rich HDL in this disease occurs secondarily to the enlargement of HDL particles, which require substances to cover their cores, having expanded due to the accumulation of cholesteryl ester. The sera from the homozygotes gave HDL cholesterol concentrations which were remarkably discrepant among commercial precipitating reagents, because of the difference in recovery of apo E-rich HDL with these reagents.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A direct enzyme immunoassay for 18-hydroxycortisol in urine: a new tool for screening primary aldosteronism.

A microplate enzyme immunoassay has been developed for the measurement of 18-hydroxycortisol in urine. An antiserum was produced by immunization of rabbits with a 3-O-(carboxymethyl)oximino-18-hydroxycortisol-bovine serum albumin conjugate. IgG was isolated from the antiserum and was biotinylated. Newly synthesized p-nitrophenyl ester of the oxime was used for the preparation of steroid-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. After an incubation of diluted urine samples (or standards) and the steroid-enzyme conjugate with the biotinylated antibody, the resulting antigen-antibody complex was separated by adding a portion of the reaction mixture into the avidin-coated microtiter plate. Peroxidase bound to solid phase was measured colorimetrically. The standard curve was linear from 0.25 to 10 ng/well. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 5.5-8.8 and 7.8-8.2%, respectively. The assay was specific except for 18-hydroxycortisone with minor cross reaction. Urinary 18-hydroxycortisol excretion ranged 836-7460 and 26-696 nmol/24 h, respectively, in patients with primary aldosteronism (n = 8) and in control subjects (n = 40). This simple and rapid (< 4 h) assay is suitable for screening patients with primary aldosteronism.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Delayed recovery of myocardial perfusion after successful coronary angioplasty of infarct-related artery in patients with prior myocardial infarction.

We studied the status of myocardial perfusion before and after coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of infarct-related artery using stress thallium scan in patients with prior myocardial infarction. Twenty-six patients who had anterior myocardial infarction caused by single-vessel disease at the left anterior descending coronary artery were involved. Patients were classified into the following four groups according to the stress-redistribution thallium scintigraphic findings before PTCA: complete redistribution (two cases), incomplete redistribution (12 cases), partial redistribution (seven cases) and no redistribution (five cases). In the group with complete redistribution, the extent of residual ischaemia in the infarct area decreased significantly after PTCA but infarct size only slightly. In the groups with incomplete and partial redistribution, the extent of residual ischaemia and infarct size decreased significantly after PTCA. In contrast, the group with no redistribution showed a slight decrease in the extent of residual ischaemia and a gradual decrease in infarct size beginning 3 months after PTCA. Clinical findings including electrocardiogram indicated that the patients with incomplete redistribution had more viable myocardium and the patients with no redistribution had more scarring. The groups with incomplete and partial redistribution showed characteristics intermediate between complete and no redistribution. The change of infarct area after PTCA was different between the four groups, but both residual ischaemia and infarct size decreased in all groups. Thus, PTCA of the infarct-related coronary artery is useful even in the patients with prior myocardial infarction, even in patients with no redistribution shown by stress thallium scan.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Establishment and characterization of a simian virus 40-immortalized osteoblastic cell line from normal human bone.

We established a human osteoblastic cell line immortalized by simian virus 40 (SV40) in vitro, and designated it SV-HFO. Immunocytochemically, the cells were positive for SV40 large T-antigen, vimentin and osteocalcin, but negative for keratin and epithelial membrane antigen. The cells had characteristic morphologic and ultrastructural features of osteoblasts, produced alkaline phosphatase, and synthesized osteocalcin, the levels of which were elevated by treatment of the cells with 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The cells proliferated and showed such osteoblastic properties even under serum-free conditions. The cells grew in soft agar, but did not form tumors when transplanted into athymic nude mice. Karyotypic analysis by the Q-banding technique showed that these cells were of human origin. The SV-HFO cell line is expected to serve as a suitable model for studying metabolism and carcinogenesis in human bone.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Ileal duplication cyst associated with heterotopic pancreas: report of a case and literature review.

A rare case of solitary ileal duplication cyst accompanied by heterotopic pancreas in the terminal ileum is presented. An 8 year old boy with an ovoid shaped, elastic soft and pendant-growing ileal duplication cyst associated with aberrant pancreatic tissue but not communicating with the lumen of the ileum, underwent an adhesiotomy for a small intestinal adhesion that caused bowel obstruction. The obstructive state of the intestine seemed to be caused by an inflammation of the duplication cyst which was 4.5 x 2.7 x 2.5 cm and oval in shape. Excision of the cyst and the heterotopic pancreas was curative. The histological findings were identical to heterotopic pancreas accompanied by ileal duplication without any clinical features of heterotopic pancreas. A review of the literature is presented along with the author's experience in a case of ileal duplication cyst associated with heterotopic pancreas located in the ileum.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between the expression of the gap junction protein and osteoblast phenotype in a human osteoblastic cell line during cell proliferation.

We examined i) the kinds of connexins, component proteins of gap junctions, that are expressed in osteoblasts and ii) the relationship between the expression of gap junctions and osteoblastic phenotype during cell proliferation and after the treatment with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Human osteoblastic cells with (SV-HFO) or without (HFO) transformation by simian virus 40 and mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) expressed connexin 43 (Cx43), but not Cx26 or Cx32, as revealed by Northern blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. The expression of Cx43 was significantly higher in SV-HFO cells in the confluent phase than in the proliferative phase. Similarly, the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin in SV-HFO cells in the confluent phase were higher than those in the proliferative phase. On the other hand, treatment of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 did not change the expression of Cx43 in SV-HFO cells, but significantly induced the expression of ALP and osteocalcin. These results showed that the expression of gap junction protein in osteoblastic cells was coupled with cell differentiation in association with the expression of osteoblastic phenotype, but that the connexin expression is regulated in a way different from that of ALP and osteocalcin.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

[A simple and rapid method capable of detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by single culture on an agar plate].

A novel simple agar plate capable of detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by single culture was developed. The agar plate included 1) mannitol and a pH indicator, and 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphoric acid, both for identification of Staphylococcus aureus by its ability to digest mannitol and produce phosphatase; detection of the former by change in color of pH indicator and the latter by fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone, 2) oxacillin at a minimum concentration just to eliminate methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and 3) phenylethyl alcohol to inhibit growth of most gram negative rods. The method was simple, sensitive, time-saving, and quite effective in the identification of MRSA directly from clinical specimens. Neither false positive nor false negative results were observed by the present method.

Agar↗
PubMed1993

[Immunohistochemical localization of bone Gla protein and osteonectin in normal human bone and cartilage tissues, and in osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas].

The immunohistochemical localization of bone Gla protein (BGP) and osteonectin (ON) was investigated in normal human bone and cartilage tissues, and in osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas with their respective antibodies. In normal bone and heterotopic ossification tissues, BGP and ON were detected in preosteoblasts, osteoblasts and young osteocytes, the reaction of which was strongest in osteoblasts. They were also demonstrated in most osteosarcomas, and their reaction was stronger in osteosarcomas with higher differentiation. These observations suggested that BGP and ON were related to the formation of normal and tumoral osteoid. In contrast, the localization of ON in normal cartilage and chondrosarcoma tissues was markedly different from that of BGP in these tissues. In normal growth cartilage, ON reacted with chondrocytes in hypertrophic and calcifying zone and matrix in calcifying zone, whereas BGP did not react. ON was also demonstrated in the cytoplasm and calcifying portion of most chondrosarcomas. These findings indicated that ON plays an important role in calcification of normal and tumoral cartilage tissues. BGP was detected in poorly differentiated and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. Thus, these antibodies are expected to be useful for studying calcification of human bone and cartilage and for the diagnosis of human osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Elevation of serum apo E-rich HDL concentration in a patient with cholestatic liver disease].

A remarkable elevation of serum HDL cholesterol concentration (165mg/dl) was found in a 42-year-old Japanese male with chronic pancreatitis who had been cholestatic for several years. An abnormal slow alpha-migrating lipoprotein, larger in particle size and more enriched with cholesteryl ester and apo E than normal HDL, was found in the patient's plasma. Quantitative determination of apo E-rich HDL revealed a striking increase of this lipoprotein in plasma. After choledocho-jejunostomy, a prompt and remarkable decrease of plasma apo E-rich HDL was observed, indicating a direct contribution of cholestasis to the accumulation of apo E-rich HDL in plasma in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Magnet-supported chemiluminescent detection for amplified mecA gene of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

A method of chemiluminescent detection for mecA gene of methicillin-resistant S. aureus amplified by polymerase chain reaction, was developed. The senseprimer was biotinylated at 5'-end, and an oligonucleotide probe, complementary to the senseprimer, was labeled with acridinium ester at 5'-end. Template DNA was obtained from colonies of S. aureus cultured on blood agar. Polymerase chain reaction product was hybridized with the probe and was separated using streptavidin-coated magnetic microparticles in magnetic field. The pellet was washed by decantations, and was measured for chemiluminescence in an automatic luminescence reader. For reference, drug sensitivity and presence of mecA gene were tested by dilution method and electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction product, respectively, for each colony studied. Results showed that methicillin-resistant S. aureus (n = 44) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (n = 19) can be successfully differentiated by chemiluminescence measurement. This method is specific, rapid, and suitable for handling a large number of samples.

Bacterial Proteins↗