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Biomedical subjects

H Chiba

Publications and source records attributed to H Chiba.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Rapid alteration in serum lipoprotein profile after bile drainage in a patient with acute bile duct obstruction: contribution of cholestasis to cholesteryl ester-dominant ApoE-rich HDL accumulation].

Remarkably increased cholesteryl ester-dominant apoE-rich HDL with alpha 2-mobility, similar to the apoE-rich HDL observed in primary biliary cirrhosis, was found in a patient with acute bile duct obstruction due to common bile duct carcinoma. Bile drainage rapidly lowered her serum apoE-rich HDL from 34.1 to 6.1 mg/dl and from 96 to 10 mg/dl in terms of apoE (control; 2.6 +/- 1.5 mg/dl, n = 38) and of cholesterol (control; 6.7 +/- 2.3 mg/dl, n = 38), respectively. Disturbance in hepatic lipoprotein clearance due to the presence of cholestasis without severe liver damage is a possible cause of accumulation of cholesteryl ester-dominant apoE-rich HDL. Hence, plasma cholesteryl ester-dominant apoE-rich HDL level is supposed to be a good indicator of hepatic lipoprotein clearance. The measurement of this lipoprotein and the analysis of its lipid composition, by our convenient method, would be useful for the diagnosis of cholestasis and for the evaluation of hepatic function in cholestatic patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[The influence of indoor environmental factors on the onset of allergic disease].

To predict and prevent the onset of allergic diseases, we studied the effects of indoor environmental factors, such as diet, on pregnant women and carried out follow-up studies on their infants. Blood samples were collected at random from women who were diagnosed as pregnant (n = 2045). Umbilical cord blood was collected at delivery (n = 1453). To evaluate the efficacy of food guidance, the pregnant women were divided into two groups--one receiving simple diet guidance starting in the later stages of pregnancy, and one receiving no guidance whatsoever. A follow-up survey on allergic symptoms was done on their two-year-old infants, revealing a lower incidence of symptomatic manifestations in the diet guidance group (p < 0.001). Respiratory symptoms (p < 0.05) were associated with maternal smoking and outside work during pregnancy. A study on food guidance in combination with environmental factors revealed that the incidence of respiratory symptoms in two-year-old infants whose mothers received diet guidance in a good indoor environment was held down to around 36.1%, while the incidence in infants whose mothers received diet guidance in a poor indoor environment was 48.1%.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed1993

[Electrophysiologic analysis of the lumbosacral radiculopathy using nerve root conduction velocity (NRCV) and cauda equina action potentials (CEAP)].

Nerve root conduction velocity (NRCV) and cauda equina action potential (CEAP) have been measured to assess the severity of lumbosacral radiculopathy, the level-specific diagnosis of the symptomatic roots, and to predict the outcome. This study included 71 patients (40 males, 31 females, average age of 54 years at the time of surgery) who underwent decompressive surgery for lumbar radiculopathy. The NRCV and CEAP were directly measured during the operation. The NRCV decreased significantly with progression of radicular symptoms. The NRCV showed a marked reduction in the nerve roots of the patients with a two years or longer history of radicular symptoms; or those with compression of the nerve roots on the imaging examinations; or nerve roots that were considered to have been subjected to persistent compression over a prolonged period with severe inflammation and adhesions. Multivariative analyses suggested that the NRCV correlated closely to the postoperative neurologic recovery, and the outcome of the lumbosacral radiculopathy could be predicted to some extent by measurements of NRCV. The level-specific diagnosis of the radiculopathy could be determined when the CEAP showed a more than 30% left-right potentials difference.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

Convenient synthesis of 18-hydroxylated cortisol and prednisolone.

18,20-Epoxy-11 beta,17 alpha,20 beta,21-tetrahydroxypregn-4-en-3-one was synthesized by the application of hypoiodite reaction to the cortisol acetonide. The intermediary 18-iodo derivative was converted to the 11-oxo steroid by chromic acid prior to silver ion-assisted solvolysis. Removal of the protective group with hydrochloric acid was finally carried out to give the desired 11 beta,17 alpha,18,21-tetrahydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione as the hemiacetal form. 18,20-Epoxy-11 beta-17 alpha,20 beta,21- tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-dien-3-one was also prepared from prednisolone through a similar reaction sequence.

Hydrocortisone↗
PubMed1992

A rapid and simple quantification of human apolipoprotein E-rich high-density lipoproteins in serum.

A rapid and simple method for the quantitative determination of human serum apo E-rich high-density lipoproteins is described. A sample was divided into two parts; one part was mixed with an equal volume of 13% polyethylene glycol 6000, and the other part was mixed with a solution containing dextran sulfate, sodium phosphotungstate, and Mg2+, respectively. The mixed solutions were centrifuged (2000 g; 15 min). The supernate obtained by the former procedure contained both apo E-rich HDL and apo E-poor HDL, but that obtained by the latter procedure contained solely apo E-poor HDL. The serum apo E-rich HDL concentration in terms of apo E (E) and cholesterol (C), was given by the following equations: E = EP x 2, and C = (CP - CD) x 2, where EP and CP were the concentrations of apo E and cholesterol, respectively, in the supernate obtained with 13% polyethylene glycol, and CD was the concentration of cholesterol in the supernate obtained with the mixture solution of dextran sulfate, sodium phosphotungstate, and Mg2+. Normal serum apo E-rich HDL concentrations were 2.6 +/- 1.5 and 6.7 +/- 2.3 mg/dl (means +/- SD, n = 38) in terms of apo E and cholesterol, respectively. Apo E-rich HDL was increased strikingly in the sera from three patients with hepatobiliary diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Peptide inhibitors for angiotensin I-converting enzyme from thermolysin digest of dried bonito.

Dried bonito (Katsuobusi), a Japanese traditional seasoning made of bonito muscle was hydrolyzed by various proteases and the inhibitory activity of the hydrolyzates for angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) [EC 3.4.15.1] was measured. Among the digests, thermolysin digest showed the most potent inhibitory activity. Eight inhibitory peptides were isolated from the digest using HPLC. The amino acid sequences of inhibitory peptides were Ile-Lys-Pro-Leu-Asn-Tyr, Ile-Val-Gly-Arg-Pro-Arg-His-Gln-Gly, Ile-Trp-His-His-Thr, Ala-Leu-Pro-His-Ala, Phe-Gln-Pro, Leu-Lys-Pro-Asn-Met, Ile-Tyr, and Asp-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Tyr-Pro. By searching for the sequence homology in many proteins, four of them were found in the primary structure of actin. Asp-Met-Ile-Pro-Ala-Gln-Lys was obtained from the boiling water extract of dried bonito and this peptide was found in the primary structure of creatine kinase. Fragments of these peptides were prepared by further enzymatic digestion or chemical synthesis and their ACE-inhibitory activities were measured. Among them, Ile-Lys-Pro, Ile-Trp, Leu-Lys-Pro, and Leu-Tyr-Pro had higher inhibitory activity than their parental peptides. Ile-Lys-Pro suppressed the hypertensive activity of angiotensin I.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Menopause related changes of adrenocortical steroid production.

To elucidate changes of adrenocortical steroid production with age, reproductive age (n = 14), peri-menopausal (n = 12) and post-menopausal (n = 13) women were studied using basal hormone levels and the results of a rapid ACTH stimulation test. Peripheral serum levels of pregnenolone, 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione were measured by RIA. The basal levels of all steroids except pregnenolone decreased with age. A significant increase in the levels of all steroids after ACTH stimulation was observed in all subjects. Although, there was an age related decrease in the response of C19-steroids to ACTH, the response of pregnenolone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to ACTH did not alter with age. The preserved response of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to ACTH in post-menopausal women suggests that 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone production plays a role in the age independency of cortisol. In the present paper, the changes in the capacity of the post-menopausal adrenal cortex to produce androgens and C21-steroids were demonstrated.

17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone↗
PubMed1992

[A case of hyperalphalipoproteinemia with complete deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer activity].

A 68-year-old male patient with benign hypertension shows high levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of 171 mg/dl. The serum total cholesterol was 240 mg/dl. An abnormal slow alpha band and polydisperse low density lipoprotein (LDL) bands were detected by agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The slow alpha band was considered as an apo E-rich HDL. A peak of large HDL particle and a peak of abnormal high-molecular-LDL particle were observed in the patient's serum by gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography. Cholesteryl ester transfer activity (CETA) of the patient's serum was completely deficient (0.0%/10 microliters/18 hr). From these results, it is strongly suggested that patient's hyper-HDL-cholesterolemia caused by a complete deficiency of CETA.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Recovery of ovarian function during postpartum period].

To determine the effect of serum prolactin (PRL) on the recovery of ovarian function in the postpartum period, FSH, PRL, estradiol (E2), and 17 alpha-OH-progesterone (17-P) levels were measured in postpartum women and the levels were compared with those in patients treated with bromocriptine. In addition, hMG was given for two days on the 10th and 30th postpartum days to the mothers treated with/without bromocriptine. On the 10th day, FSH levels tended to increase and the E2 and 17-P levels were significantly increased by bromocriptine treatment and these levels are compatible to those on the 30th day in the control group. Although no apparent change in E2 and 17-P levels was observed before and after hMG administration in the control, a significant increase in E2 on the 30th day and in 17-P on the 10th and 30th day was observed when the patients were treated with bromocriptine. These results suggest that high concentrations of PRL in the postpartum period suppressed the ovarian function not only due to the low gonadotropin secretion but also to the poor ovarian response to gonadotropin. 17-P seems to be preceded by estradiol secretion in the recovery of ovarian function during the postpartum period.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1991

Apolipoproteins in rat cerebrospinal fluid: a comparison with plasma lipoprotein metabolism and effect of aging.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) apo E concentrations, determined by a sensitive sandwich ELISA, were 411.3 +/- 76.0 and 454.3 +/- 51.8 micrograms/dl (mean +/- S.D.) for young rats (8-12 weeks old, n = 7) and old rats (36-40 weeks old, n = 10), respectively. Age-related increase, which was conspicuous in serum apo E (21.2 +/- 2.4 vs 60.9 +/- 14.1 mg/dl for young and old rats, respectively), was not observed in CSF apo E. CSF apo A-I concentrations, determined by ELISA, were extremely low in the both groups (less than 10 micrograms/dl). Neither CSF apo A-I nor CSF apo E correlated to any of the plasma lipoprotein components, indicating the presence of largely independent lipoprotein metabolism in the rat central nervous system. Apo E is present in CSF in the form of apo E-rich HDL1 with particle sizes similar to those of plasma E-rich HDL1.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

[Prolactin, ovarian and adrenal steroid hormone in relation to the vaginal opening in immature female rats].

The serum prolactin levels in human girls are thought to be increased gradually throughout puberty, but some authors have reported that prolactin decreases transitorily before menarche. Prolactin has not been shown to play a significant role on the initiation of human pubertal development. However, in immature female rats, it is thought that prolactin is one of the most important hormones during sexual maturation. In experiment I, the serum concentrations of prolactin, estradiol (E2) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHA-S) in immature female rats were measured. Prolactin increases gradually before vaginal opening and tends to decrease after vaginal opening, while E2 increases throughout sexual maturation. No significant changes were noticed in DHA-S levels. In experiment II, sulpiride, which raises serum prolactin level, was injected daily in to 4 groups of immature female rats starting from 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age till the day before vaginal opening. Physiological saline solution was injected daily in to age-matched controls. On the day of vaginal opening, serum levels of prolactin, E2 and DHA-S were studied, weights of bodies and internal genital organs were measured, and corpora lutea of the ovaries were inspected. Vaginal opening was accelerated in the group of rats injected with sulpiride 5mg every morning from 14 days of age (p less than 0.05). The weights of their bodies and internal organs were less than those of the control rats (p less than 0.05). Percent of ovaries which contained corpora lutea were lower than the controls. Although their serum levels of prolactin tended to be suppressed, three hormone levels were not different from those of control rats on the day of vaginal opening. However, when mean prolactin levels were depicted on the day of vaginal opening in both groups, a peak was noticed at 37 days of life, indicating that the secretion pattern of this hormone has been programmed according to the day of life. There was a close relation between prolactin and DHA-S levels (p less than 0.05). No significant relation between prolactin and E2 levels was noticed. The possible role of prolactin and DHA-S on the regulation of sexual development is suggested. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a significant relation between prolactin and DHA-S in immature female rats.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Spurious elevation of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with cholestatic liver diseases.

Strikingly discrepant values were obtained by two commercial precipitating reagents for serum HDL cholesterol determination in three patients with cholestatic liver diseases (two patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and one patient with chronic hepatitis). An abnormal alpha 2-migrating lipoprotein (slow alpha-lipoprotein) was observed in agarose gel electrophoresis for each serum. The slow alpha-lipoprotein was partly recovered in the supernatant by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, and was completely precipitated with a polyanion-containing reagent, which well explains the discrepancy. The slow alpha-lipoprotein isolated from one of the cases is notable for (1) having an intermediate particle size between normal LDL and normal HDL, (2) containing apo E as the major apolipoprotein, and (3) being enriched with cholesterol (esterified and free) and phospholipid. Cholesterol accumulation was also found in another HDL subclass, alpha 1-migrating HDL. A severe impediment in the clearance of cholesterol-loaded HDL particles from plasma was implied. Electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins and/or the measurement of serum apo E concentrations are necessary to avoid an erroneous estimation of HDL cholesterol in patients with hepatobiliary diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of rat apolipoprotein A-I: effect of various sample treatments on apolipoprotein A-I immunoreactivity and an application to young and aged rat sera.

A highly sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rat apo A-I was developed. Samples and standards were added to each well of microtiter plates precoated with immunoaffinity-purified IgG. Bound apo A-I was detected with immunoaffinity-purified Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate by a colorimetric method. The sensitivity reached 2.5 pg/well, and the working range for the measurement of serum apo A-I concentration was 0.1 to 1.0 ng/well. The mean intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 2.8 and 4.1%, respectively. The epitopes of apo A-I in serum were effectively exposed by the use of 6 mol/liter guanidine.HCl. Serum apo A-I concentrations in 36- to 40-week-old rats (62.3 +/- 8.6 mg/dl, mean +/- SD, n = 16) were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those in 8- to 12-week-old rats (55.1 +/- 4.3 mg/dl, n = 9). But the age-related change of serum apo A-I was much smaller than that of serum apo E. Apo A-I was contained in smaller HDL particles (or HDL2) in normal rat serum.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in the values of estrogen stimulated neurophysin, oxytocin and prostaglandin in the maternal blood after the administration of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate to the pregnant women near term].

UNLABELLED: In order to examine the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHA-S) on the production of uterus-contractive substances in perinatal women, the concentrations of estrogen stimulated neurophysin (ESN), oxytocin, 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-Prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2 alpha) and DHA-S related steroids in the maternal blood of 12 cases of primigravida were serially estimated after intravenous administration of 200mg DHA-S twice a week from 38 weeks of gestation till the onset of labor. RESULTS: 1) The duration of labor was significantly shortened in the DHA-S group (mean; 9.3 +/- 2.8 hours) compared to the 11 control cases (13.5 +/- 5.2 hours). 2) i) The ESN concentration, which correlated well with that of free estradiol-17 beta, increased significantly at 1 week after the Ist administration. ii) The oxytocin concentration, which correlated well with that of ESN, increased significantly at 39 weeks of gestation, the first stage of labor and especially at delivery compared to the control. iii) The PGF2 alpha concentration, which increased in parallel with those of DHA-S, estrone-S and pregnenolone-S, increased significantly at delivery in comparison with the control and correlated well with estrone-S in the DHA-S group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that DHA-S administration to perinatal women may enhance the production of ESN, oxytocin and PGF2 alpha in the fetoplacento-maternal compartment, which may result in the shortening of labor.

Dehydroepiandrosterone↗
PubMed1991

[An adult case of the left coronary artery anomalously originating from the pulmonary artery (BWG syndrome), demonstrating remarkable improvement in postoperative thallium-201 myocardial imaging].

Stress thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy were performed in a 44-year-old female with BWG syndrome before and after aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Preoperative stress thallium-201 studies demonstrated anterior reversible perfusion defect and posterior persistent defect. But postoperative studies demonstrated no defects in both areas. These data suggest that preoperative anterior defect was due to transient myocardial ischemia, but the finding of posterior persistent defect wasn't due to infarction or scarring. Thus, stress thallium-201 myocardial imaging provided useful informations to clarify the myocardial perfusion patterns pre- and postoperatively.

Adult↗