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Biomedical subjects

H Brody

Publications and source records attributed to H Brody.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Diagnosis is treatment.

The diagnostic process not only paves the way for treatment, but also functions as a type of treatment itself. Both behavioral and physical problems can respond to diagnosis properly used as a therapeutic tool. The role of diagnosis in dealing with psychological problems focuses on the ascription of meaning to psychological symptoms through proper diagnosis and effective sharing of that with the patient. The placebo effect is used as a model of how belief and understanding about physical symptoms (derived from the diagnosis) constitute treatment. Finally, it is shown that the meaning which the physician assigns to the disease affects recovery, and a "meaning model" of illness is derived and expanded.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed1980

The nervous system and aging.

1. In the human and some animal species, there is neuronal cell loss with aging. 2. This decrease is area-specific, does not occur equally throughout the central nervous system, and occurs at different rates within different time periods. Therefore, the decrease is area-specific, time-specific and rate-specific. 3. Occurring along with neuronal decrease, although the time sequences have not been examined, is a retraction or loss of dendritic processes involving especially the horizontal dendrites of pyramidal cells. 4. The cell loss in a central nervous system area appears to be related to the embryologic development of that area. This is demonstrated in cerebral cortex, where the greatest amount of cell loss occurs in layers 2 and 4 of the cortex, areas which develop later in the organization of the cerebral cortex. 5. Cateholamine-containing cells within the brain stem (locus coeruleus) decrease in cell number, a feature not demonstrated by other cells in the brain stem. 6. Lipofuscin increases in neurons with age, though not in agreement with accounts in the neuropathology literature. 7. The consequence of lipofuscin accumulation is not understood at this time, but, based on comparison with cell population, this factor does not appear to be responsible for "death of the cell."

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Comparisons of liver transfer RNA methyltransferase and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities of male and female rats.

The activities of liver transfer RNA (tRNA) methyltransferases from control or ovariectomized female rats were found to be higher than those of control or castrated males. Administration of testosterone to ovariectomized females caused activity to decrease to the level of the males. Conversely, administration of estrogen to castrated males resulted in liver enzyme levels similar to those of the females. When the substrates for in vitro methylation were either mixed heterologous tRNA's from Escherichia coli or mixed homologous methyl-deficient tRNA from livers of ethionine-treated rats, the difference in activity between males and females was about 35%. When amino acid-specific tRNA's from E. coli were used as substrates, the ratios of activity of enzymes from females to that of males were: tRNANfMet 1.5; tRNAMetMet 1.1; tRNASer3 1.85; tRNAPhe 1.1; and tRNATyr 1.25, indicating that there are qualitative as well as quantitative differences in the liver tRNA methyltransferases of the two sexes. The adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity of female rat liver preparations was approximately double that found for males. Testosterone, given to ovariectomized females, lowered the activity of this enzyme to about the same level as that of males. It is not clear whether the observed sex-related differences in activity of several adenosylmethionine-utilizing liver enzymes represent isolated phenomena or are indicative of a sex-related difference in the rate of liver adenosylmethionine turnover.

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗
PubMed1979

A quantitative study of the pigmented neurons in the nuclei locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus in man as related to aging.

The nuclei of the locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus were examined in human brains from individuals of 14 to 87 years. Serial counts were performed on every tenth Nissl stained paraffin section of melanin containing cells within the entire length of these nuclei. After 63 years, the neuronal population in these nuclei decreased 40%. This significant decrease in cell number is the first reported for a brain stem structure. In view of the relation of these noradrenaline containing cells to the catecholaminergic system and the widespread projections between these nuclei and other central nervous system structures, this decrease may be a factor in alteration of some central nervous system activities with increasing age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier under hyperbaric conditions.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) has been used in the treatment of cerebral edema with variable results. Two different actions of HBO, one decreasing and the other increasing cerebral edema, have been postulated. We examined the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats and cats. Animals of each species were treated for 90 min/d with 100% oxygen at a pressure of 2.5 atm for 5 consecutive days. Following treatment, cadmium-free ferritin was injected intravenously. Sections of the brain were prepared for electron microscopic evaluation of the capillaries and their neighboring structures. Perivascular edematous zones were observed. Ferritin particles penetrated through the capillary endothelium and into the pericapillary structures. Hyperbaric oxygenation appears to increase the permeability of cerebral vessel walls in normal animals. Further work on this phenomenon may provide a more rational basis for the treatment of cerebral edema with HBO.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A study of aging in the human abducens nucleus.

As part of a continuing study of the relationship between age and neuronal number within the human brainstem, the abducens nucleus was examined in a total of 20 brains. While the nucleus almost doubles in length between birth and adulthood; there is no significant change in cell number after birth. With the exception of some specimens which may indicate an individual variation, the average number of cells in this nucleus for all specimens examined was found to be 6,454. Approximately the same number is found in the nucleus of the newborn (6,500); confined within a length of 1.5 mm. With maturity, the nucleus enlarges to 3.0 mm but since the cell number does not significantly change, the cell density in any one section of the nucleus is considerably decreased, thus emphasizing the importance of absolute counts in such studies. At least among the brainstem nuclei already examined by various investigators it appears that neuronal loss is not a concomitant of aging as has been described for the cerebral and cerebellar cortices.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1977

An investigation into the psychological effects of hysterectomy.

The major aim of the present study was to determine whether women exposed to a hysterectomy procedure showed any greater evidence of postsurgery mood disorder than a cholecystectomy control group. In addition, the investigation also considered whether sterilization by hysterectomy resulted in more frequent mood disturbance than in tubal ligation where the uterus remains undisturbed. Fifty-five hysterectomy patients were compared with 38 cholecystectomy and 60 tubal ligation patients by means of the Profile of Mood States. Presurgery, 6-weeks postsurgery, and 3-months postsurgery measures were obtained. No evidence was found to support the view that the special psychological significance of the uterus results in greater postsurgery mood disturbance than occurs with a control procedure such a cholecystectomy. Neither did the results suggest that sterilization involving organ removal was psychologically more traumatic than where the sterilization procedure left the uterus undisturbed. The two significant group X occasion interactions implied that the groups differed in their pattern of responding to surgery with respect to the Tension-Anxiety and the Fatigue-Inertia variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Aging in the human brain stem. A study of the nucleus of the trochlear nerve.

As a part of a continuing study of the relationship between age and neuronal population within the human brain stem, the nucleus of the trochlear nerve was examined in a total of 20 brains from newborn to 87 years of age. The cell count in the newborn was 1,830, and in the 87-year-old 2,010, while the mean number for all the specimens examined was 2,115. It is apparent that there is no cell loss in this nucleus in the normal aging process, which is in accord with the findings in five other brain stem nuclei examined by various investigators. This is in contrast to the findings in cerebral and cerebellar cortex which show significant cell loss with advancing age. Based on this and previous studies of the brain stem nuclei, it appears that neuronal loss is not a concomitant of the normal aging process in the brain stem. The anatomical basis of this selectivity in neuronal loss with aging in certain parts of the brain is not known at present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Recent changes in the emotional reactions of therapeutic aboriton applicants.

The emotional status of one hundred women applying for therapeutic abortions during 1967/68 was compared with that of 100 more recent applicants in 1975. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory of the two groups reveals a significant reduction in psychopathology amongst the more recent applicants. This difference remains when group differences in age are controlled, and applies when married and single subgroups are considered separately. These results are interpreted as suggesting that the generally more liberal social atmosphere surrounding present-day abortions is reducing psychological stress among women undergoing this procedure.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1975

Anterior pituitary component in benign cystic ovarian teratomas. Report of three cases.

This paper documents three cases of benign cystic ovarian teratoma in which elements of adenohypophysis was recognized as one of the tissue components. Such findings have been recorded but not unequivocally documented in any of the previous reports of benign cystic teratomas. One of the tumors in this series also contained neuroglial tissue closely associated with the adenohypophyseal elements. The possibility that these neural elements might represent neurohypophysis is briefly discussed.

Adult↗