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Biomedical subjects

H Braunsteiner

Publications and source records attributed to H Braunsteiner.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Immediate plasma renin response to propranolol: differentiation between essential and renal hypertension.

The immediate short-term effect on plasma renin activity of intravenous injection of propranolol was studied in 31 normal subjects and 166 hypertensive patients. In patients with essential hypertension and normal subjects plasma renin activity fell considerably within 15 minutes; the fall was directly proportional to initial plasma renin levels. In contrast, in patients with renal hypertension the fall was much less pronounced or totally absent. These differences in response to propranolol provide, though presently only on a group basis, a biochemical means of differentiating between patients with renal hypertension and those with essential hypertension. The observations also indicate that, unlike normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension, in patients with renal hypertension sympathetic activity plays no part in the control of basal plasma renin levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Isolation and partial characterization of two abnormal human plasma lipoproteins: LP-X1 and LP-X2.

Two abnormal lipoproteins (LP-X1 and LP-X2) rich in free cholesterol and phospholipid have been isolated from the plasma of nine different patients with obstructive jaundice. As isolated, both lipoproteins were devoid of low density lipoproteins as judged by agar electrophoresis. In addition, they were free of apoB as judged by double immunodiffusion. However, LP-X1 exhibited a higher phospholipid to protein ratio and a lower hydrated density than LP-X2. The levels of LP-X1 and LP-X2 in plasma were measured in three patients studied for 14 days after corrective surgery for obstructive liver disease. The level of both these abnormal lipoproteins decreased after surgery until the twelfth day when they were completely absent from the plasma of these patients. The rates of this decrease for the two particles are significantly different. These differences in metabolic, chemical, and physical properties of LP-X1 and LP-X2, establish their identity as two distinct and unique lipoprotein particles.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Rosette tests in lymphoproliferative diseases].

The percentage and absolute count of B- and T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 170 patients with various lymphoproliferative diseases was determined. T-lymphocytes were assessed by their capacity to form rosettes with unsensitized neuraminidase treated sheep red blood cells, and B-lymphocytes by their capacity to bind immune-complement complexes. The results in CLL, in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and in Hodgkin's disease are discussed with respect to the immunopathology of these diseases.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1976

[The diagnosis of IgD-Myelomatosis (author's transl)].

Two patients with IgD-lambda myelomatosis are presented and the differential diagnosis is discussed. Typical features of this disease are the high incidence of Bence-Jones proteinuria, osteolytic lesions, amyloidosis and the predominance of male patients. Furthermore, an augmentation of serum IgD level to 165 mg% was observed in a 22-year-old female patient with presumed Coxsackie myocarditis. The theories in regard to IgD function are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[The effect of Glipizide on the blood glucose and insulin in non-ketotic diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

9 patients suffering from non-ketotic diabetes were treated for 7 days with glipizide, a sulphonylurea derivative. A decrease in blood glucose level was observed in 6 patients during the course of the day, accompanied by an increase in immunoreactive insulin during the first half of the day and an increase in the insulinogenic index. In one patient with insulinopenic diabetes glipizide had only a very small effect on the blood glucose and insulin concentration. 2 patients suffering from insulin resistance caused by type IV hyperlipoproteinanemia and obesity showed an increase in insulin, but no decrease in blood glucose concentration. These results are a further indication that sulphonylurea agents should be administered only in the case of certain specific types of diabetes, because no therapeutic response can be expected in diabetes caused by insulinopenia and insulin resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Significance of PAS-positive myeloblastic leukemia].

We refer to 48 adult patients suffering from acute myeloblastic leukemia, whose leukemic cells showed a typical cytochemical pattern: i.e. weak staining for peroxydase and with sudanblack B and lacking or only weak staining for nonspecific esterase. In 8 patients the leukemic myeloblasts additionally showed distinct granular staining for polysaccharides using the PAS-reaction. The therapeutic response, the remission rate and the survival time of these 8 cases have been compared to those of 40 patients, whose leukemic myeloblasts differed exclusively in the absence of granular PAS-positive materials. Out of the latter PAS-negative cases 7 patients (18%) went into a complete remission (M1, P1), 5 patients achieved partial remission (M2, P1-2), the 50%-survival time was 4.9 months. Out of the 8 granular PAS-positive cases 4 patients (50%) went into complete (M1, P1), and 1 reached partial remission (M2, P1-2). The 50%-survival time of the cases now lasts 10.1 months and three patients are still alive and in persisting complete remission 19, 12.5 and 12 months after diagnosis. These results suggest a better prognosis and an improved therapeutic response in those myeloblastic leukemias which additionally contain cytoplasmic granular PAS-positive materials.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Surface immunoglobulins and receptor sites for aggregated IgG on leukemic reticuloendotheliosis cells.

On blood lymph nodes and spleen cells of 4 patients with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (LR) the binding of 125-J-labelled IgG aggregates as well as binding of 125J-labeled anti immunoglobulin sera was studied. Moreover the capacity to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells to bind immune complement complexes as well as the proliferative response in the presence of PHA were investigated. On the surface of hairy cells a variety of immunoglobulins were demonstrable. IgG of both types was found to be the predominant surface bound immunoglobulin and evidence was obtained, that these antibodies were adsorbed from the serum via Fc-receptors. In all LR-cases the percentages of T-cell rosettes as well as the PHA responses were decreased when compared with the normal controls. The numbers of immune complement complex binding cells were in the range of the normal controls. Results are discussed with respect to the origin of hairy cells in LR.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The immediate plasma renin response to propranolol: evidence for a different mode of renin release in essential and renal hypertension.

1. The immediate short-term effects of intravenous injections of propranolol on plasma renin activity were studied in thirty-one normal subjects, 102 patients with benign essential and sixty-six patients with renal hypertension. 2. In essential hypertensive patients and normal subjects a marked fall in plasma renin activity was observed within 15 min, which was directly proportional to initial plasma renin values. In contrast, in patients with renal hypertension the fall observed was much less pronounced, or totally absent. 3. These differences in response to propranolol, which were particularly pronounced in patients with high initial renin values, suggest a dominant role of sympathetic tone at the juxtaglomerular apparatus for basal renin release in normal individuals and essential hypertensive subjects only. 4. The observations also indicate that sympathetic activity plays no part in the control of basal renin secretion in patients with renal hypertension, in whom basal renin secretion may be maintained by the renal baroreceptors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

An enzymatic method for the determination of the initial rate of cholesterol esterification in human plasma.

A method is described for the determination of the initial rate of cholesterol esterification in human plasma, based on the enzymatic determination of free cholesterol in the plasma before and after incubation at 37 degrees C. The cholesterol esterification rate was linear up to 40 minutes. In 18 normal male and 10 normal female subjects the cholesterol esterification rate was 91 +/- 15 (mean +/- SD) and 62 +/- 12 nmoles/hr/ml of plasma, respectively.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1975

[Immunology of the Goodpasture's syndrome].

About 5% of all human glomerulonephritides are induced by basal membrane antibodies. Immunohistologically they are characterized by a linear fluorescence along the basal membrane of the glomerulum, when cuts of the kidneys of bioptic material are incubated with fluorescent anti-human-IgG-serum. Basal membrane antibodies circulating in the serum as well as antibodies eluted from renal homogenates are nephritogenic. Also recidivations of nephritis on renal homografts confirm the pathogenic significance. Basal membrane antibodies of patients with rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis seem to differ only by a non-existing cross-reaction to the antigen of the basal membrane of the lungs from Goodpasture basal membrane antibodies. Only a glomerulonephritis with pulmonary haemorrhage induced by basal membrane antibodies should be called Goodpasture syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Plasmocytoma, alkylating agents, and acute myeloid leukemia (author's transl)].

Two cases of the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after treatment with alkylating agents are reported. In Case 1, melphalan and then cyclophosphamide had been given for multiple myeloma. 46 months after onset of cytostatic treatment AML occurred, as confirmed cytochemically and by qualitative determination of urinary lysozyme. In Case 2, cyclophosphamide had been given for rheumatoid arthritis. After a latency of 34 months 'smouldering leukaemia' developed with an atypical monocytic leukaemic cell population. In a third case, multiple myeloma and monocytic leukaemia developed synchronously. The causative role of melphalan and cyclophosphamide in the development of AML seems securely established. Despite the risk of alkylating agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma or Hodgkin's disease causing AML, they should not be replaced, as other drugs have been shown to be less beneficial. On the other hand, alkylating agents should be used with great caution in the treatment of non-malignant diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Cationic proteins from human neutrophil granulocytes. Evidence for their chymotrypsin-like properties.

Three cationic proteins from the granules of human neutrophil granulocytes were obtained in a high degree of purity be means of affinity chromatography on 4-phenylbutylamine-Sepharose. Together with lysozyme, the three cationic proteins exhibit the highest electrophoretic mobility toward the cathode in acrylamide gels at moderately acid pH, among the granule constituents that are solubilized in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 1 M NaCl. The three cationic proteins represent a group of "neutral proteases" distinct from elastase and collagenase. They hydrolyze casein, azocasein and the chymotrypsin substrate N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester. Optimal activity is found at pH 7.4-7;5. The enzymes are inhibited by the specific chymotrypsin inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanylchloromethane and by the naturally occurring inhibitors alpha-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, as well as by the trypsin inhibitors from soy beans and limabeans.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1975

Insoluble PHA- A B-cell mitogen in man?

Blood lymphocytes of normal individuals and of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were evaluated for their blastogenic response to insoluble PHA. In at least preferential stimulation of normal B-lymphocytes was observed, whereas leukemic lymphocytes were almost insensitive. This result supports the hypothesis of a functionally defective B-lymphocyte population in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1975

Increased proliferation of T lymphocytes in the blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease.

We investigated the number of DNA-synthesizing T lymphocytes in the blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease, with infectious mononucleosis and in normal controls. T cells were characterized by their ability to form rosettes with unsensitized neuramidase-treated sheep red blood cells. Cells in DNA synthesis were evaluated autoradiographically after in vitro incubation with [3H]thymidine. Our results indicated a preferential proliferation of T lymphocytes in the blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease and infectious mononucleosis and suggested an increased turnover of these cells.

Adult↗