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Biomedical subjects

H Brauman

Publications and source records attributed to H Brauman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Indirect evidence of glomerular/tubular mixed-type postexercise proteinuria in healthy humans.

Hypothetical mechanisms have been postulated to explain the presence of proteins in urine after severe exercise. Recently, it has been shown that several amino acids inhibit tubular protein reabsorption. Seven healthy men, hyperhydrated, were studied during a 2-min bicycle exercise at supramaximal load. The subjects were tested without or with lysine perfusion (0.4 g/kg body wt iv). In both testing conditions, blood lactate increased to 13.8 mmol/l. Total protein urinary excretion increased to 1.10 and 1.67 mg/min, without and with lysine perfusion, compared with 79 micrograms/min at rest. In the meantime, albumin excretion increased 48- and 74-fold, respectively, while beta 2-microglobulin excretion increased 97- and 1,043-fold compared with basal values. The renal clearance of albumin increased to 8.4 microliters/min without lysine and to 12.0 microliters/min with lysine perfusion (rest 0.18). beta 2-Microglobulin clearance increased to 10.0 and 39.3 ml/min, respectively (rest 0.05). These data clearly demonstrate that postexercise proteinuria is of mixed type after exhaustive short-term exertion. Both increased glomerular permeability and partial tubular reabsorption inhibition to proteins appear to be involved.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative study of the diagnostic contribution of C-terminal and medio-regional determination of parathyroid hormone in man].

In this study, we compared serum parathyrin radioimmunoassay values obtained with three commercially available kits in a series of normal subjects, patients on dialysis, patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and with hypercalcemia due to malignancy. The calcium of these subjects was simultaneously evaluated. Two of these three kits measure two different C-terminal portions of the molecule and the third the mid region of PTH. The Behring and Byk kits were most efficient in that the results were obtained rapidly. The mid region assay is not more contributive than the C-terminal assays. Among these, the Behringer kit seems to produce the best diagnostic discrimination when the PTH and calcium are coupled. As far as the diagnostic specificity is considered, the latter kit seems however less efficient than the two others.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

Relative contribution of various expressions of cAMP excretion to other indices of parathyroid function, as tested by discriminant multivariate linear regression analysis.

We evaluated the relative contribution to the diagnosis of hyperparathyroid disease from current laboratory indices of parathyroid function--plasma calcium (I), phosphate (II), carboxy-terminal (III) and predominantly amino-terminal (IV) radioimmunoassays of parathyrin, the urinary excretion ratios of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to creatinine (V) or to glomerular filtrate (VI), and the ratio of the nephrogenous fraction of cAMP to glomerular filtrate (VII)--in 224 subjects: 40 with surgically proven hyperparathyroid disease, the others normoparathyroid. The decreasing order of sensitivity was I greater than VI greater than VII greater than V greater than III greater than IV greater than II; all these indices differed significantly between normoparathyroid and hyperparathyroid patients. The decreasing order of specificity was VII, III greater than I greater than IV greater than V, II greater than VI. Discriminant multivariate linear regression analysis was performed in a subset of 58 subjects (17 hyper- and 41 normoparathyroid) from the population studied here, chosen because all of the laboratory indices were determined for each subject. The classification accuracy was 98.3% for combining I, VII, and III (r = 0.908), or I and V (r = 0.893), or I and VII (r = 0.889). The other variables did not add to the precision of classification.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Magnesium administration reverses the hypocalcaemia secondary to hypomagnesaemia despite low circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D.

The effect of parenteral administration of magnesium was studied in five patients with hypomagnesaemic hypocalcaemia. The initial metabolic state was characterized by a normal level of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and by low or undetectable serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25 (OH)2D). A parathyroid response was elicited by the acute intravenous injection of magnesium chloride. In contrast, 1,25(OH)2D did not change up to 24 h after the injection. Intramuscular magnesium sulphate restored serum magnesium and calcium to normal, whereas iPTH was transiently increased. 25OHD remained low and unchanged. 1,25(OH)2D rose very slowly, but the correction of hypocalcemia began before any change in 1,25(OH)2D levels could be demonstrated. Thus, the early correction of hypocalcemia mainly depended on the restoration of an adequate parathyroid function independently of the secretion of 1,25(OH)2D.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1984

Violent suicidal behavior and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone-thyroid-stimulating hormone test: a clinical outcome study.

A relation between abnormal response of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and a personal history of violent suicidal behavior was observed in a sample of 60 depressive women. Patients with a blunted TSH response to TRH were also at greater risk for subsequent suicide. There was no relationship between TSH response to TRH and age, severity of depression and polarity of the illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prolactin and growth hormone response to levodopa in affective illness.

Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) response to L-Dopa have been studied in 51 affectively ill women (26 unipolar and 25 bipolar) before and after amitriptyline treatment and in 14 normal female controls. There was no difference in GH response to L-dopa in all groups studied except for bipolar postmenopausal women, who showed a blunted GH response to L-Dopa compared to bipolar premenopausal women. After amitriptyline treatment, no difference in GH response was found in all groups studied. Basal PRL levels were significantly lower in unipolar premenopausal and bipolar premenopausal patients in comparison to their controls. PRL response to L-Dopa was significantly less inhibited in postmenopausal controls than in premenopausal controls and in bipolar premenopausal patients compared to premenopausal controls. These data provide further evidence of hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction in subgroups of affective disorders and emphasize the importance of considering the menopausal status in neuroendocrine studies of psychiatric disorders.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1983

Thyrotrophin response to thyreostimulin in affectively ill women relationship to suicidal behaviour.

Past history of suicidal behaviour was investigated in 51 depressed women (27 unipolar and 24 bipolar) in whom the TSH response to TRH was studied. Patients with a history of violent suicidal attempts were shown to have a reduced TSH response to TRH, compared to depressed patients with a history of non-violent suicidal attempts and depressed patients with no history of suicidal behaviour. A five-year follow-up study on these patients revealed that four patients who died from suicide had an absence of TSH response to TRH.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Measure of blood ionized calcium versus total calcium in normal man, in renal insufficiency and in hypercalcemia of various origins.

Ca++ and Ca tot were measured and compared at 2 years interval (S1 and S2) in 45 normal volunteers: 26 females and 19 males age 20/65 years. For Ca++ the mean difference between S1 and S2 was small (0.009 mmol/l) but significant (p less than 0.01). For Ca tot the mean difference between S1 and S2 (0.06 mmol/l) was very significant (p less than 0.001) due to the combination of various factors: technical, sex difference and proteins. In both series (S1 + S2) Ca++ did not differ significantly between females and males, whereas Ca tot was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in males (mean difference 0.06 mmol/l) for S1 and non significant for S2. In 63 normal volunteers we cross correlated the factors of calcium homeostasis and showed significant relationship between Ca++/Ca tot r = 0.428 (p less than 0.001), Ca++/PTH r = -0.297 (p less than 0.05), Ca tot/Proteins r = 0.518 (p less than 0.001). The relationship between Ca tot and PTH does not reach the level of significance. We compared Ca++ and Ca tot in renal insufficiency (RI) (n = 16), hyperparathyroidism surgically confirmed (Hyper P) (n = 10), cancer with hypercalcemia (C) (n = 9) and in normal volunteers (N) (n = 63). The relationship between Ca++ and Ca tot in the pathologic groups has significantly steeper slopes than the control group (N), p less than 0.05 for RI and C and p less than 0.01 for Hyper P. The increase of the Ca++/Ca tot ration in RI and Hyper P is positively correlated to PTH levels, nor albumin variations neither pH and P04 variations could completely account for the increase of the ratio. The increase of Ca++/Ca tot in cancer is independent of PTH and cannot entirely be explained by the albumin drop.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in unipolar and bipolar affective illness.

The plasma levels of thyrotrophin (TSH) and the response of this hormone to 200 microgram of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in 27 unipolar and 24 bipolar depressive patients before and after amitriptyline treatment as well as in 42 normal controls. There was no significant difference in basal TSH levels between any of the groups studied according to diagnosis, menopausal status and antidepressant treatment. Before treatment, the TSH response to TRH was significantly lower in the unipolar and bipolar depressive patients than in normal controls. The TSH response to TRH did not differ significantly between the unipolar and bipolar depressives. When menopausal status was taken into account, the TSH response to TRH was significantly blunted in the unipolar postmenopausal patients when compared to postmenopausal controls. In the bipolar group, the premenopausal depressive patients had a significantly lower TSH response to TRH than premenopausal controls. After amitriptyline treatment, the TSH response to TRH, which was impaired before treatment in the bipolar premenopausal patients, improved significantly. However, no significant difference in the TSH response to TRH could be demonstrated after treatment in the unipolar postmenopausal patients in whom the TSH response was blunted before treatment. Our findings suggest that the differential TSH response to TRH in unipolar and bipolar patients may constitute biological markers of endocrine dysfunction in clinical subgroups of affective disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Prolactin secretion in women with unipolar and bipolar depression.

Plasma prolactin levels and prolactin response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in 27 unipolar and 24 bipolar depressive female patients before and after tricyclic antidepressant treatment, as well as in 38 normal controls matched for age, sex, and menopausal status. Before antidepressant treatment, basal prolactin levels were significantly lower in both premenopausal and postmenopausal bipolar patients but only in postmenopausal unipolar patients when compared to controls. The prolactin response to TRH was significantly blunted in both unipolar and bipolar postmenopausal subjects but remained normal in all premenopausal (unipolar and bipolar) patients. These data suggest that prolactin pituitary function could be useful in the neuroendocrine study of depressive illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Assessment of a plasma ADH radioimmunoassay in experimental and physiologic or pathologic conditions.

A radioimmunoassay of ADH has been applied to the study of plasma ADH levels in various conditions. The validity of the assay has been evaluated by the usual quality control parameters of RIA and by the measure of plasma levels in 12 upright water deprived normal volunteers (mean 9.5 pg/ml, SEM +/- 1.5) in 8 resting and hydrated normal volunteers (1.3 +/- 0.4 pg/ml), in a case of diabetes insipidus (1.6 pg/ml), in 8 cases of SIADH Syndrome (range 13-77 pg/ml) and in 4 anesthetized dogs before (33.7 +/- 9.2 pg/ml) and after acute haemorrhage (66 +/- 9.5 pg/ml, p less than 0.02). The osmotoic challenge to ADH secretion has been studied in 8 patients with no overt endocrine pathology by salt perfusion and showed a significant rise (p less than 0.05) of plasma ADH from 6.3 +/- 3.1 pg/ml before, to 20.6 +/- 7.9 pg/ml during salt infusion corresponding to the significant (p less than 0.0001) rise of plasma osmolality from 273 +/- 2.8 to 288.2 +/- 1.1 m Osm/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Plasma beta 2 microglobulin as a means of predicting gentamicin serum concentrations.

A novel and accurate method for predicting gentamicin peak serum concentration is described. The method considers body weight and renal function as determined by the concentration of beta 2 microglobulin in plasma. In 32 subjects whose renal function ranged from normal to severely impaired, the peak serum concentration of gentamicin was more closely correlated with beta 2 microglobulin (r = 0.69) and with creatinine clearance (r = 0.69) than with serum creatinine (r = 0.53). A nomogram was constructed which related plasma beta 2 microglobulin concentrations and body weight to predicted gentamicin peak serum concentrations. When the nomogram was clinically applied, the predicted peak gentamicin concentrations corresponded closely to the actual measurements obtained (t = 0.64; P is not significant). We suggest that plasma beta 2 microglobulin concentrations compare favorably with serum creatinine values in the prediction of gentamicin peak concentrations in patients with renal impairment.

Adult↗