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Biomedical subjects

H Berndt

Publications and source records attributed to H Berndt.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Influence of thyroid state on noise-induced cochlea damage (author's transl)].

Guinea pigs were exposed to pure tone noise (2.7 kHz, 130 dB, 1 h) and cochlear microphonic potentials were measured after 5 days. It is possible, to modify the resulting damage by experimentally altering the rate of metabolism by regulating the function of the thyroid gland. (table: see text) A hypofunction of the thyroid gland during sound exposure lessens, an over-function aggravates the damage. This effect possibly results from the influence on the metabolism exerted by the adenylic system. This conclusion leads to new viewpoints concerning prophylaxis, therapy and metaphylaxis in cases of noise deafness.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1978

[Internistic cancer therapy--introduction to the theme].

The importance of internal medicine for the care of patients with carcinoma increases. This is particularly connected with the rapid development of the antineoplastic drug therapy. However, these are not the only tasks of the internal specialists. He is responsible for the ascertainment of the diagnosis, the judgment of the anatomical extension of the tumour with clinical means (classification of stages) and the diagnostics and treatment of concomitant diseases as prerequisites of a rational therapeutic planning. In the oncological team the internal specialist not only represents the specifically internal possibilities of treatment, but is in charge of the continuous general medical and psychic care of the patient. The internal specialist plays an important role in the entire coordination of the specialised care. This refers to the documentation of findings in the carcinoma register of the hospital, to planning and evaluation of controlled clinical experiments, special oncologic consulting hours and consulting functions as a competent specialist also outside oncologic centres, which should be established in district hospitals and teaching hospitals as a common task of all participating disciplines. For this a profound specialisation within the field of internal medicine is necessary. A subspecialisation acknowledged by the state would be a stimulus, but it is not compulsorily necessary. This introduction into the topic shall the internal specialist make clear his role and responsibility in the oncologic care and facilitate the communication with other specialities.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Laparoscopy following abdominal operations.

A retrospective study has been conducted to find out the effects of preceding abdominal operations on the validity of laparoscopic examinations. The study included 1658 laparoscopies performed at the Robert Rössle Institute from January 1, 1975, to June 30,1977. 467 patients had previously undergone one or several operations; in 124 patients adhesions had been started while the patient had not undergone any laparotomy at all. In the judgement of essential abdominal organs there are no differences between patients with and without adhesions, who had not undergone any operations previously. Even after laparotomies of the epigastrium, satisfactory judgement of the organs is possible. Since the result of laparoscopy is decisive for further therapeutical measures, it should be carried out also after surgical interventions, clear indication and sufficient skill of the examiner provided.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

[Epidemiology of cervical cancer (author's transl)].

There are remarkable differences of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer between countries and even within small countries. In developed industrial countries, incidence is slowly declining. Age distribution (middle--aged women are mostly afflicted) distinguishes cervical cancer from all other common malignant neoplasms. Known risk factors are: low social class, sexual activity early in youth, instable sexual relationships. Cervical cancer behaves like a veneral disease of low infectious power. Cervical cancer develops stepwise out of epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The foundations of a cervical cancer control programme are laid: cytodiagnosis as screening method; well defined high risk groups; effective and not dangerous treatment of prephases and early stages of cancer. In the G.D.R. conditions for effective cancer control are good: cancer registration works stable for more than 20 years; it enables evaluation of effectivity. Cytologic screening can be fully integrated into basic gynecologic care. Medical care including prevention is free of fees and available for all women. The ultimate of goal of a cervical cancer control programme is primary prevention by detection and treatment of preneoplastic lesions (dysplasia and carcinoma in situ).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Epidemiology of lymphogranulomatosis (M. Hodgkin) (author's transl)].

Lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's disease) is a rare neoplasm in the G.D.R.: incidence (standardized for "Europe-population") male 3.2--3.5, female 1.8--2.1 per 10 000 per year. Geographical differences in incidence and mortality are remarkable, but firm conclusions cannot be drawn. Epidemiological research has demonstrated: familial aggregation; association with HLA-antigen; space-temporal clusters which are considered as suspicious for infectious aetiology; association with occupational factors; higher incidence after tonsillectomy and appendectomy as an index of social factors; no influence of ionizing radiation. Multiple primary malignant neoplasms are strikingly often found in patients with Hodgkin's disease. It may be that Hodgkin's disease is no nosological entity but clinical and morphological manifestation of two diseases, namely infectious granuloma in youth and true neoplasm in the elderly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Hair cell noise damage after improved hypoxia tolerance (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: Guinea pigs were gradually adapted to a simulated altitude of 10,000 m. The round window microphone potential (RMP) frequency response was measured 24 hours after pure tone exposition (2.7 kHz, 130 dB, 1 hr). The electrophysiologically demonstrable sound induced damage of the organ of Corti of the adapted guinea pigs was significantly smaller than those of the nonadapted (normal) group. Altitude adapted animals: m = 18, Hb: 18.5 +/- 1.8 g%, Hc: 57.3 +/- 4.4+ RMP mean loss: 1.7 +/- 0.8 dB. CONTROLS: n = 18, Hb: 12.7 +/- 1.8 g%, Hc: 40.5 +/- 1.6%. RMP mean loss: 5.8 +/- 2.4 dB. All differences significant p less than 0.001. The evident possibility to reduce noise induced hair cell damage by means of previous adaptation to high altitude might be explained by the greater hypoxia tolerance and perhaps additional better oxygen supply to the receptor cells.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

[Matched-pair analysis--technic and results demonstrated on the example of breast cancer].

The matched pair analysis is a well-known, but rarely used method. This method is recommended for the following problems: preparation of a controlled clinical experiment based upon the results of a retrospective analysis of results of therapy; analysis of results from a controlled clinical experiment in sub-groups; influence of non-therapeutic factors on the prognosis; epidemiological problems and study of the course of diseases. A matched pair analysis of about 300 female patients with breast carcinoma failed to show significant differences between (a) radical mastectomy alone, (b) radical mastectomy followed by chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, and (c) preoperative irradiation followed by radical mastectomy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

[Air pollution and cancer (author's transl)].

Several data justify the suspension that air pollution may contribute to cancer risk. These observations are: high risk of lung cancer in coal gas workers; higher incidence of lung cancer in urbanized regions as compared with rural ones and higher incidence in highly industrialized countries as compared with less industrialized; observations in migrant populations; data of comparative pathology. Specific studies of the association between lung cancer and air pollution taking into consideration confounding variables failed to give conclusive evidence of a causal relationship. Obviously the role of air pollution for cancerogenesis in the lung is far less important than inhalation of tobacco smoke. Furthermore there are some findings suggesting a causal association of particulate air pollution and malignant neoplasms of the stomach and prostate.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Scientific foundation of gastric cancer control (author's transl)].

Although many facts on epidemiology of gastric cancer and on the preceding atrophic gastritis are known, sufficient scientific foundations for planning primary prevention are lacking. It is suggested that with rising standards of living and hygiene and with dissemination of optimal nutrition according to physiologic aspects, incidence of gastric cancer will further decrease. 2. It is possible to identify some high risk groups: elderly persons with familial aggregation of stomach cancer, blood group A, pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, anacidity, and patients operated upon for benign epithelial neoplasms or gastric ulcer. Prophylactic supervision of this segment of the population seems mandatory but by this means, only a small percentage of all gastric cancer can be detected early. 3. Our knowledge is sufficient for the planning of intervention studies, e.g. long tome prophylactic application of ascorbic acid or vitamin A or intensive drug treatment of atrophic gastritis. Therefore we have started such a trial using carbenoxolon. 4. Screening methods for detection of early gastric cancer in asymptomatic persons have been evaluated in Japan. Their application in Europe cannot be generally recommended. The cost-benefit ratio is prohibiting. 5. Today, the main route to detect stomach cancer when curable is the thorough examination of persons with dyspeptic complaints. Radiological examination holds the first place and is supplemented by fibergastroscopy which enables aimed biopsy and cytologic examination of gastric juice. All other methods have only limited value in selected situations. 6. Without resignation we must realize that a solution of the problem cannot be expected in the near future. Further efforts are necessary in order to gain solid scientific foundations and to introduce research results into medical practice.

Adolescent↗