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Biomedical subjects

H Arnold

Publications and source records attributed to H Arnold.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Compression of the outlets of the leptomeningeal veins--the cause of intracranial plateau waves.

The hypothesis is developed that plateau waves (PW) are caused by an abrupt elevation of postcapillary flow resistance induced by compression of the outlets of the leptomeningeal veins. It is shown by means of a physical model that the main prerequisite for venous outlet compression consists in an elevation of the outflow resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid. Resolution of PW is demonstrated to be brought about by expulsion of fluid from the cranial vault during the plateau phase, thus allowing the outlets of the leptomeningeal veins to re-open. Brain shifting seems also to participate in this redistribution of the intracranial space in favour of the vasculature. It is further proven that PW may occur in rats with chronically or acutely increased CSF outflow resistance. PW triggering was investigated in these animals. All phenomena known to be related to PW are explained by the concept developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Modern chemotherapy of a malignant testicular tumors (author's transl)].

Advanced malignant testicular tumors can be treated very successfully by chemotherapy. The most effective 3 or 4-drug combinations contain CisPlatin, Vinblastine, Bleomycin, Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide and Vepesid. Complete remissions of 60% can be obtained; depending on histology, frequency of metastases, and former radiation therapy. Resection of residual pulmonary or retroperitoneal metastases render an additional 10-20% of the patients free of tumor. Side effects following chemotherapy should not be neglected: Depression of bone marrow, severe vomiting, alopecia, and azoospermia.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

[HLA-antigens in the diagnosis and genetics of schizophrenia].

We found no convincing association of HLA-antigens and Schizophrenia with exception of a significant reduction of Aw19 in our study of 140 schizophrenic patients. The incidence of the haploids HLA-AI,B7, -A2,B18, -A2, Bw35, -A3,Bw35, -A1,Cw3, -A2,Cw3 has been significantly increased and the haploids HLA-A1,B8, -A2,B5, -A2,B7, -A2,Cw2, -B12,Cw4, -B27, Cw2 significantly decreased compared with normals. HLA-A1,B8, -A2,B5, -A2,B7, -A2,Cw2, -B12,Cw2 have shown an important imbalance of the alleles possibly induced by the lowered fertility and migration of schizophrenic patient.

Female↗
PubMed1981

A pilot study to evaluate the effect of acute and long-term administration of cyclandelate on the vigilance of subjects submitted to hypoxic conditions. Preliminary report.

A pilot study of a double-blind crossover design was carried out in four healthy male volunteers. 3,5,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl mandelate (cyclandelate, Cyclospasmol) 800 mg b.d. was compared with placebo using two-week treatment periods separated by a wash-out-period. Under hypoxic conditions (11.5% O2) the volunteers were asked to perform a series of tests including a computer-assisted oculodynamic test (ODT) after one dosage and after fourteen days' treatment with both cyclandelate or placebo. ODT is a very sensitive test which is independent of learning or motivation. Certain cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were simultaneously recorded during the test periods. The results showed that cyclandelate protected the volunteers against the effects of hypoxia. The results after two weeks' treatment were more definite than those after the first dose, suggesting that cyclandelate acted centrally on cerebral metabolism rather than through a direct cerebrovascular effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Epidemiology of influenza A with special reference to the "Texas" pandemic in 1978].

A synopsis of morbidity, mortality, causes of death and serological surveys offers a different view of the epidemiology of influenza A from what is generally assumed. Special emphasis was laid upon the question, if small epidemics are the main cause of the mortality late in winter and absence of work. It seems unlikely that epidemics originating during a period of drift can be controlled through mass-vaccinations with variant-specific vaccines. These epidemics occur too fast. Better knowledge of the epidemiology is an important preliminary for an effective and rational prophylaxis.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1980

Augsburg-type glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency. A new variant causing congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in a German family.

In a 1-year-old German boy a GPI deficiency was found to be the cause of a chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia with recurrent hemolytic crises. Because of consanguinity of the parents, the patient is true homozygote. The investigation of the biochemical properties of the deficient enzyme revealed an altered electrophoretic behavior, pronounced thermolability, an increased affinity for G6P, an increased affinity for the competitive inhibitor 6-PG, and slightly changed pH optima for both substrates. Electrophoresis after freezing and thawing the hemolysate indicates that the genetic modification of the subunit involves the mechanism of transforming the main band into the secondary bands. The properties of the new deficient GPI indicate a new variant designated GPI Augsburg.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic↗
PubMed1980

Tumour of the ethmoid with intracranial and intranasal growth.

The case of an 18-year-old female patient suffering from a hemangiopericytoma with intracranial, and paranasal and intranasal extension is described. Before the diagnosis was fully established a partial tumour removal was performed by a nasal surgeon, because the nasal airways were obstructed. Later on, because of the risk of infection, a decision against radical operation was made. The patient was treated by radiation, but the tumour did not respond and she was transferred to the neurosurgical department where the haemangiopericytoma was completely removed. A pericranium-skull flap was used to close the basal defects of dura and skull. The advantage of this technique over other procedures is the safe closure of the intracranial cavity, thus permitting a radical removal of an intracranial-intranasal tumour in one operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[An algorithm for calculating HLA haplotype frequency].

The algorithm computes gene- and haplotype frequencies from phenotype data of the HLA system. It is an iterative procedure which finds these frequencies by employing statistical and combinatorial considerations. The probabilities for homozygosity of single genes are used as essential parameters. They are simultaneously computed by the algorithm. These parameters are mainly needed for the evaluation of alleles, whose gene product cannot be determined serologically.

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

[A prospective multi-centre study of the response of metastatic gastrointestinal tumours (author's transl)].

In a prospective, multi-centre, randomized study of 109 patients with metastatic gastro-intestinal adenocarcinomas the response rate, survival time and side-effects of two drug combinations, carmustin +5-fluorouracil and carmustin + ftorafur, were compared (same carmustin dosage in both groups). Response to the treatment was 32.7% in those receiving carmustin +5-fluorouracil, 26.3% in those on carmustin + ftorafur. This difference occurred among the 42 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (33.3% compared with 25%), as well as in 11 with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and in 56 with colorectal adenocarcinoma (32.1% and 28.6%). Median survival time for 5-fluorouracil + carmustin was 330 days, double that for ftorafur + carmustin (163 days). Bone-marrow toxicity (leukopenia, thrombopenia) was below 10% for both drug combinations. Alopecia occurred in only a few patients. Gastro-intestinal toxicity was common (20% and 18.5%, respectively), but there was no difference between the two groups. The somewhat lower effectiveness of ftorafur compared with 5-fluorouracil was probably due to the deliberately smaller dosage of the former.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Inherited glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency. A review of known variants and some aspects of the pathomechanism of the deficiency.

Since the first report of GPI deficiency in 1967 many patients from all over the world have been described. The patients suffer from a typical nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia with hemolytic crises during acute infections. The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive, half of the patients are homozygotic, the others are double heterozygotes. The biochemical properties of the deficient enzymes vary widely. Thus, many well characterized enzymes have been designated as different variants. The modification of physicochemical properties surpasses kinetic aberrations. All defective variants are more or less unstable. The activity diminishes progressively, leading to a rise in G6P concentration and in red cells after aging in vitro to a dramatic impairment of glycolysis and concomittant hemolysis. The cause of the metabolic block is the diminished GPI activity itself and not an inhibition of hexokinase by the high G6P.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic↗
PubMed1978

Creatine kinase in human erythrocytes: a newly detected genetic anomaly.

In a family of Italian origin, we found four members with a considerable activity of creatine kinase inside their erythrocytes. All other clinical and hematological findings were normal. The enzyme anomaly seems to be inherited in the autosomal mode. The creatine kinase CK) activity in freshly drawn blood was about 12 U/g Hb. The activity was higher in young red cells than in older ones. Studies with specific antibodies against human CK isoenzymes revealed the CK activity in the probands' red cells to be due to about 90% to the BB-isoenzyme normally found in brain and nerve tissue. The presence of CK in the erythrocytes does not seem to have any consequences for the energy metabolism of the cells. Creatine concentration was slightly elevated, but creatine phosphate could not be detected.

Adult↗