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Biomedical subjects

H Arnold

Publications and source records attributed to H Arnold.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Late sequelae after subarachnoid hemorrhage. A retrospective study of 104 patients 5 years after the acute occurrence].

104 patients who had survived an subarachnoidal bleeding were followed up, an additional CT scan being employed in 80 of them. Of permanent disabilities, the most important is cerebral insufficiency. Three-quarters of the patients did not achieve complete rehabilitation, the prognosis being significantly dependent upon the severity of the initial phase. 75% of the patients revealed ventricular dilations that correlated neither with the severity of the acute phase of the subarachnoidal haemorrhage, nor with the permanent functional losses. Progression of hydrocephalus communicans over the long term following subarachnoidal bleeding is unlikely; the cerebral insufficiency does not progress.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Prospective randomized study in advanced stomach cancer. Comparison between combinations of 5-fluorouracil and carmustine without and with adriamycin].

In a multi-center study of 77 patients with gastric carcinoma and metastases, the effects of combined 5-fluorouracil and carmustine with or without adriamycin (FB vs FAB) were compared. There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups as to rate of response or survival time, response to treatment was 20% (FB) and 24% (FAB), including "no change" 52% and 56%, respectively. But median survival time among the responders (partial remission and clinical improvement) and of the patients with unchanged findings was significantly longer (8.4 or 7.4 months, respectively) than that among patients with progression (4.5 months). Analysis of prognostic factors in terms of survival curves revealed no difference between patients with or without measurable tumor parameters, with or without local recurrences or liver metastases. However, there was a statistically significant worsening of prognosis for patients whose initial general state was reduced, who had lung metastases or increased WBC counts. Side effects were relatively mild with both therapy regimens, except for alopecia with FAB. After the second treatment cycle myelosuppression was more marked with FAB than FB.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Phase II study of the water-soluble nitrosourea compound ACNU in advanced colorectal carcinomas].

In a phase-II study 46 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with the new nitrosourea ACNU [1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3 (4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-nitrosourea]. From 43 evaluable patients, 86% presented distant metastases and 14% an unresectable primary tumour or a recurrent tumour. 24 patients presented a colon and 19 a rectal cancer. Prior anticancer drug treatment was given to 34 patients (79%), 11 (26%) were pretreated with a nitrosourea. ACNU was administered every 4-6 weeks as a single intravenous push injection of 100 mg/m2. Most patients received 2-3 courses. From 43 evaluable patients, one patient achieved a complete and 3 a partial remission (CR + PR 9%). 5 patients reached a minimal regression (tumour regression of less than 50%) and 5 a no change for at least 2 months. The median duration (time from beginning of ACNU therapy until tumour progression) of the 14 responders was 132 days. The median survival time was significantly longer for responders in comparison to patients with progressive disease (9.8 versus 4.1 months). The dose limiting toxicity was delayed bone marrow suppression predominantly in the form of thrombocytopenia. 22/42 patients (52%) presented a thrombocytopenia of under 50.000/mm3 with a nadir after 27 days. Leucocytopenia under 2.000/mm3 were observed in 22/40 patients (30%). A fall of haemoglobin of more than 2 g/dl was seen in 71%. Nausea or vomiting over 1-2 days were found in 59% of the treatment courses. Other drug related side effects were not encountered. ACNU has a similar activity in colorectal cancer as BCNU and CCNU.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Reversible orthostatic hypotension during vincristine therapy].

A 69-year old patient with high-grade malignant lymphoma experienced severe orthostatic hypotension during vincristine therapy. The symptoms disappeared when vincristine treatment was discontinued. The mechanism of the orthostatic hypotension is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Unilateral skin lesions associated with multiple neoplasms.

A girl with unilateral partly depigmented, partly hyperpigmented atrophic skin lesions, hypertrichosis, postauricular nodules, cataracts, and mild mental retardation is presented. Additionally, she developed multiple neoplasms as optic glaucoma, a psammomatous meningioma and an ameloblastoma. It remains unclear whether our patient suffers from a variant of the epidermal nevus syndrome or a new neuro-ectodermal dysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Glucosephosphate-isomerase type Kaiserslautern. A new variant causing congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia.

In a 13-year-old German girl a GPI deficiency was found to be the cause of a chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia with recurrent hemolytic crises. The hemolytic crises usually occurred after a feverish infection. Only once did the patient require blood transfusion during a crisis. Examination of the family indicated that the patient is doubly heterozygous for the deficiency. The investigation of the biochemical properties of the deficient enzyme revealed an altered electrophoretic migration, a pronounced thermolability, an increased affinity for G-6-P and slightly changed pH optima for both substrates. The described properties of the deficient GPI indicate that we are dealing with a new variant designated GPI-Kaiserlautern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Etretinate (Ro 10-9359, Tigason) and CCNU (1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-l-nitrosourea) and bleomycin versus CCNU and bleomycin in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus (Working group on Internal Medicine Oncology Study BS1/78)].

Forty-six evaluable patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung were treated in a randomized fashion with either etretinate, CCNU and bleomycin in combination (ECB) or with CCNU and bleomycin (CB). There were no complete and no partial responses. Minor responses occurred in 5 patients (24%) with ECB and in 3 patients (12%) with CB independently of histological grade. No change was observed in 9 patients (43%) with ECB and in 13 patients (52%) with CB. There was no survival difference between the two groups. Reversible side-effects of skin and mucous membranes were more frequent under ECB. The antitumor efficacy of CB is marginal and could not be improved by the addition of the vitamin-A-derivative etretinate.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cytotoxic activity in the serum of a patient with metastasizing nephroblastoma given intravenous infusions of alkyl-lysophospholipids in a phase I study.

In a phase I study a cytotoxic activity in the serum of a tumor patient given infusions of synthetic alkyl-lysophospholipid has been demonstrated. Serum samples collected after ALP infusions inhibited 3H-thymidine incorporation by human leukemic cells to an extent that correlated to the dose of ALP administered. Serum taken after the highest dose of ALP given (50 mg/kg body weight) led to complete cell destruction after 72 h in vitro. Whereas cells from the HL60 line were very sensitive to the serum cytotoxicity, K562 cells were much less affected. Cytotoxic activity was found to be clear from the circulation in a biphasic manner; more than 50% disappeared within 6-8 h but 20-30% was still present after 4 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Vigilance behavior in interaction of the serotonin-selective antidepressant zimelidine and parenterally administered ethanol].

A randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study was carried out in 8 healthy male subjects to evaluate the interaction of (Z)-3-(4-bromphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-allylamine-dihydrochloride-monohydrate (zimelidine, Normud) -- a new antidepressive drug -- and alcohol. New methodological approaches to the problem consisted in a parenteral application of ethanol and the introduction of the computer-assisted Oculodynamic Test -- a new multi-dimensional psychophysiological research instrument -- monitoring saccadic eye movements, choice-reaction parameters and cardiorespiratory parameters. Classical disimprovement of these parameters after ethanol infusion (equivalent to 1 mg % BEC) could be seen up to 5 h after administration. Alcohol effects were not potentiated by the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor zimelidine -- in contrary even a significant vigilance-stabilizing effect and improvement against placebo/ethanol values could be demonstrated for most of the vigilance-related parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[HLA-A-, B- and C-geno- and haplotype frequency in Vienna. Analysis of phenotype data].

The HLA-A-A, B, C gene and haplotype frequencies have been calculated by using a computer-algorithm from the HLA phenotypes of 3000 unrelated, healthy inhabitants of Vienna. The frequencies are in good agreement with the figures obtained in a family study. The analysis of the linkage disequilibria involving alleles at 2 out of the 3 loci or at all the 3 loci shows that the disequilibrium between alleles of 2 loci (HLA-A, B, HLA-B, C and HLA-A, C) is stronger than the one observed with alleles at the 3 loci (HLA-A, B, C).

Alleles↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of ftorafur with 5-fluorouracil in combination chemotherapy of advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma.

The aim of the study was to compare the combination 5-FU-carmustine with ftorafur-carmustine in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer. To this end, a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial was initiated. Part I of this trial showed that similar response rates can be obtained with 5-FU-carmustine and ftorafur-carmustine in 109 patients (32.7% versus 26.3%). However, median survival was better in patients treated with 5-FU-carmustine (307 days versus 163 days). Part II of the trial revealed that neither a higher dosage of ftorafur (2 g/m2/day X 5 days) nor the addition of vincristine to both regimens changed the previously obtained results significantly. Again, median survival was found to be better in patients treated with 5-FU combination chemotherapy (304 days versus 144 days). Both the 5-FU and the ftorafur combination were tolerated reasonably well. The results suggest that combination chemotherapy including 5-FU is superior to ftorafur at the applied dosages in terms of survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Combined erythrocyte glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in an Italian family.

A severe hemolytic crisis was observed in a 5-year-old boy of Italian origin. Analysis of his hemolysate revealed a hemizygous deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and a heterozygous deficiency of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI). According to the literature this is the fourth family with a combined deficiency of these two enzymes located on different chromosomes. Only the G6PD deficiency seems to be responsible for the hemolytic crisis.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1981

Contrast bolus technique with rapid CT scanning. A reliable diagnostic tool for the determination of brain death.

Twenty-three patients complying with the clinical criteria for brain death were studied by contrast-enhanced CT. In all but one, the great intracranial vessels escaped visualization; accordingly, angiography demonstrated cerebral circulatory arrest. In the remaining case, faint enhancement of the circle of Willis corresponded to angiographic demonstration of the proximal segments of cerebral arteries. Neither in normal brain nor in dead brain did slow CT scanning disclose any postcontrast increase in parenchymal attenuation. An improved technique is proposed to demonstrate the transit of the contrast bolus by rapid CT with image splitting. If cerebral blood flow is preserved, the grey and white matter will enhance significantly following administration of contrast medium. Vice versa, the absence of enhancement confirms brain death, even in instances in which the great cerebral vessels are obscured by hemorrhage or other extensive lesions. Two additional cases of brain death were evaluated by rapid CT scanning. As to brain death, the technique obviates the need for angiography or radionuclide angiography, usually applied in prospective organ donors, because its informative content is superior to that of either method. The CT technique described affords a reliable and safe diagnosis of brain death, and can be interpreted easily.

Brain↗