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Biomedical subjects

H Aikawa

Publications and source records attributed to H Aikawa.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Common bile duct cancer with massive necrosis mimicking choledochal dilatation on CT. Case report.

Carcinomas of the common bile duct are usually seen as dilatation of the bile duct proximal to a solid mass on CT. In the case reported here, the common bile duct cancer itself mimicked dilated common bile duct on CT because of massive necrosis. In a case of simulating dilated common bile duct on CT, and discrepancy between CT and ultrasonography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, a common bile duct cancer with massive necrosis should be included in the differential diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[CT and sonographic diagnosis of retained surgical sponge].

Seven cases of pathologically proven retained surgical sponge were reviewed and classified into four types, depending on CT and US findings. Type I: CT shows a mass with tiny gas bubbles, and sonogram shows an echogenic area with strong posterior shadow. Type II: CT shows an irregular high density mass with no gas bubble, and sonogram shows an echogenic area with strong posterior shadow. Type III: CT shows a low density mass with irregular internal high density areas, and sonogram shows a cystic mass with zigzag internal components. Type IV: CT shows an elliptic high density mass with low density area internally. Judging from the experiment and operative findings, these patterns were decided by the number and status of the gauze, volume of the exudate and hematoma, and status of the granulation. The author concludes that these characteristic CT and US findings, together with a history of surgery, permit the correct diagnosis of retained surgical sponge.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

D-penicillamine-induced copper deficiency in suckling mice: neurological abnormalities and brain mitochondrial enzyme activities.

Brain mitochondrial enzyme activities were examined in 15-day-old suckling mice which were daily injected with D-penicillamine (DP), a chelating agent of copper. Newborn mice treated with DP (1 g/kg/day) showed retarded weight gain, hyperelasticity of skin, and a bizarre forelimb posture with subcutaneous edema on experimental day (ED) 7. Paraparesis or dragging of the hindlimbs was observed by ED 15. Brain copper contents of DP-treated mice decreased to 34% of the controls of ED 15. Cytochrome c oxidase activity (complex IV) in the brain showed 51% decrease of the controls, on the contrary, rotenone-sensitive NADH cytochrome c reductase (complex I + III) and succinate cytochrome c reductase (complex II + III) were normal. Histochemistry of cytochrome c oxidase in the cerebellum of DP-treated mice disclosed diffuse reduction of staining, especially in Purkinje cells. These data show that DP-induced copper deficiency in the brain subsequently disturbs mitochondrial electron transport system, selectively cytochrome c oxidase activity. This seems to be a useful animal model not only for Menkes' kinky hair disease but also for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Sex difference in operant behavior following single exposure to carbon monoxide in adult rats].

Sex difference of effects of single exposure of carbon monoxide (CO) on operant behavior was studied in adult rats. The animals were obtained by continued selective breeding and have a high level of avoidance ability and small individual differences (THA rat: Tokai high avoider rat). Experiments were conducted as follows: Exposure were carried out at the concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm of CO gas for 4 h in THA rats, and their operant behavior was studied by Sidman avoidance test conducted 1 h before and after CO exposure. Rats whose carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in blood was determined after the termination of CO exposure were of the same strain and age as those that underwent operant behavior test. Exposure of CO 50 ppm did not produce any marked change in operant behavior. In male rat groups, response counts in the Sidman avoidance test decreased after exposure to CO 100, 200 and 400 ppm when compared to the value before exposure, but increase in shock counts was observed only by exposure to CO 400 ppm. In female rat groups, response counts decreased after the exposure to CO 200 and 400 ppm, but shock counts did not show any marked change at all the CO exposure concentrations. COHb concentrations immediately after the exposure to CO 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm for 4 h were 9.1 +/- 1.2, 13.5 +/- 0.5, 24.3 +/- 0.7 and 43.6 +/- 1.6%, respectively, in males, and 9.2 +/- 1.1, 13.7 +/- +/- 0.8, 24.0 +/- 1.0 and 42.0 +/- 1.4%, respectively, in females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Efficacy of concentrated CDDP-lipiodol emulsion for hepatic arterial infusion therapy in patients with nonresectable hepatoma].

The efficacy of concentrated CDDP-Lipiodol Emulsion was experimentally and clinically studied in the treatment of nonresectable hepatoma. The commercially available CDDP was ten-fold concentrated into water in oil form. The agent was administered via hepatic artery in 26 patients with nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. In vitro and clinical studies strongly suggested a gradual release of the CDDP into the surrounding tissue. In 9 out of 26 patients (34.6%), tumor regression was found. Side effects were minimum; mild nausea and vomiting were observed in only 13 patients. On the basis of our preliminary study, concentrated CDDP-Lipiodol emulsion promises to be a useful agent for the treatment of nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1990

[CT findings in bilateral adrenal enlargement].

CT findings in ten patients with bilateral adrenal enlargement (six cases of adrenal metastasis, two cases of malignant lymphoma, one case of pheochromocytoma and one case of adrenal hemorrhage) reviewed. Four of six cases of adrenal metastasis showed asymmetrical adrenal enlargement on initial CT scans. Ring enhancement on postcontrast CT was recognized in one case of adrenal metastasis and one case of adrenal hemorrhage (subacute stage). Ring enhancement in the case of adrenal hemorrhage was more clear and smooth than that in the case of adrenal metastasis. One case of malignant lymphoma and one case of adrenal hemorrhage had Addison's disease.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Epidermal nevus syndrome with hemimegalencephaly: a clinical report of a case with acanthosis nigricans-like nevi on the face and neck, hemimegalencephaly, and hemihypertrophy of the body.

A 5-year-old boy with the epidermal nevus syndrome and hemimegalencephaly is reported. He had pigmented nevi on the forehead and neck, and hemihypertrophy of the body from the birth. He developed intractable seizures, mental retardation, and right hemiparesis. His seizure pattern changed from early infantile epileptic encephalopathy to infantile spasms at 2 months of age. Electroencephalograms showed a suppression-burst pattern in the neonatal period, subsequently changing to hypsarrhythmia. Computerized tomography of the brain disclosed slight dilatation of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle at the age of 2 months. Later, hemimegalencephaly with calcification on the left side of the brain was noted. Histological examination of the pigmented nevus on the neck showed it to be an acanthosis nigricans-like lesion. Clinical differences between tuberous sclerosis and epidermal nevus syndrome with hemimegalencephaly are discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

Exophytic spread of hepatobiliary disease via perihepatic ligaments: demonstration with CT and US.

Eight cases of hepatobiliary disease located adjacent to or within the perihepatic ligaments (peritoneal reflections surrounding the liver) with exophytic spread along these ligaments (three abscesses from cholecystitis, two bilomas, two hepatic abscesses, and one hematoma from a ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma, with 16 ligamentous lesions: five in the hepatoduodenal ligament, four in the ligamentum teres, three in the falciform ligament, two in the gastrohepatic ligament, one in the transverse mesocolon, and one in the duodenocolic ligament) were studied with sonography and computed tomography. The locations of underlying diseases were the inferior aspect of the left lobe of the liver (three patients), the gallbladder (three patients), and the right hepatic duct (two patients). An understanding of the anatomic detail of the ligamentous attachments of the liver and the continuity of peritoneal ligaments is important in recognizing the ligamentous spread of hepatobiliary disease. This mode of spread of disease should be kept in mind in diagnostic imaging of the abdomen.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

[The effects of prenatal trimethyltin exposure on development and learning in the rat].

Developmental effects of single prenatal trimethyltin exposure were examined in THA rats. Pregnant rats were injected on gestational day 12 with single dose of trimethyltin chloride (TMT) ip at either 0, 5, or 7 mg/kg. Significant differences between treated and control offspring rats could not be observed in terms of body weight, pinna detachment, incisor eruption, eye opening, surface righting, cliff avoidance, pivoting, negative geotaxis and auditory startle. Spontaneous motor activity and open field behavior in the rats were also not affected by TMT. In Sidman avoidance test, however, the avoidance rate of the treated offspring rats was lower when compared to that of the controls. These results suggest that prenatal TMT administration disrupts learning acquisition.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of postnatal low-levels of exposure to styrene on behavior and development in rats.

Three groups of rats were exposed by inhalation to either clean air (control group) or styrene monomer at 25 and 50 ppm (styrene-exposed groups) for 7 h/day, 6 day/week, from 1 to 48 days of age. Compared to control group, Styrene-exposed groups showed significant delay in the following developmental indices: body weight gain, appearance of pinna detachment and incisor eruption. With respect to open-field activity, the styrene groups indicated longer latency to enter the field, less number of squares crossed and fewer rearings than those of controls. In the avoidance behavior aspect, the styrene groups attained less achievement level in avoidance rates than that of the control group. Dose-related trends were found between the two exposed groups in body weight increment, exploratory and avoidance behavior. Sex differences were seen on these factors also. These results suggest that at postnatal exposure of low-levels to styrene affects behavior and development in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

CT of adrenal tumors: frequency and clinical significance of low-attenuation lesions.

The CT values of adrenal tumors were evaluated in 36 patients to determine the frequency and significance of negative CT values. Twenty-seven patients had adrenocortical adenomas (13 had primary aldosteronism, 12 had Cushing syndrome, and two had nonhyperfunctioning adenoma), one had adrenocortical carcinoma, and eight had pheochromocytomas. The CT values in primary aldosteronism (mean, 1.8 +/- 9.9 H) were lower than those in Cushing syndrome (27.6 +/- 12.0 H) and pheochromocytoma (35.9 +/- 9.8 H). Six adrenocortical adenomas had homogeneous, low CT attenuation, with CT values ranging from -20 to -0.4 H. Four of these had primary aldosteronism, one had Cushing syndrome, and one had nonhyperfunctioning adenoma. Our results suggest that adrenal tumors with homogeneous, slightly negative CT attenuation are likely to be adrenocortical adenomas, mainly primary aldosteronism and nonhyperfunctioning adenomas. This finding may be especially useful in diagnosing nonhyperfunctioning adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Acute thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome: CT demonstration.

We reviewed the CT findings in 17 patients with angiographically proved Budd-Chiari syndrome to determine the ability of CT to show acute thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins. In eight patients with membranes (web or band) in the IVC, no thrombus was detected with CT or angiography. In the other nine patients, thrombi in the IVC and/or hepatic veins were seen as intraluminal filling defects that did not change in appearance on precontrast and postcontrast CT scans. Attenuation values of intraluminal filling defects of the IVC ranged from 38 to 42 H in four patients. High-attenuation intraluminal filling defects (60-70 H) of the IVC (five patients) and hepatic veins (one of five patients) were detected. Of these five patients, four had acute symptoms and one had chronic vague symptoms. The underlying disease was a web or band in the IVC and hepatic veins in three patients, invasive hepatocellular carcinoma in one, and injury to the IVC wall during hepatectomy in one. Inferior venacavography showed occlusion of the hepatic segment of the IVC in all five patients. Additional angiograms obtained by injection of contrast medium after a catheter tip was placed in the occluded hepatic IVC showed numerous filling defects suggestive of thrombi of recent onset, which correlated with the high-attenuation thrombi seen on CT scans in two patients. In the remaining three patients, high-attenuation areas in the IVC and hepatic veins also were considered to represent thrombi of recent onset because the attenuation values later decreased to 33-42 H. Spontaneous reduction in diameter of the thrombosed segment of the IVC was observed in four of the five patients. Knowledge of the CT features of acute thrombosis of the IVC and hepatic veins is useful in the early diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[A case of hepatoma treated successfully with a percutaneous intratumoral injection of CDDP-PC-lipiodol suspension].

Reported is a case that was treated successfully with a percutaneous intratumoral injection of a CDDP-PC-Lipiodol Suspension (CPLS) of the viable tumor cells of a hepatoma after arterial injection therapy. Although the size of the viable tumor cells remained almost unchanged, a marked reduction in the level of the plasma AFP (484 ng/ml-35 ng/ml) was obtained after the percutaneous injection. No major complication was encountered except for minimal vomiting and mild transient abnormalities of the liver functions.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Neurobehavioral analysis of high-rate Sidman avoidance rat strain.

The neurobehavioral characteristics of the Tokai High-Avoider (THA) rats, which had an innate high-avoidance ability, were clarified by comparing with the Wistar rats from which the THA rat strain had been derived. THA rats performed superior learning and displayed small individual differences of learning performance, not only in the Sidman avoidance task, which had already been used in selective breeding, but also in two different tasks, namely water maze and two-way shuttle avoidance. No apparent difference was present in development, circadian rhythm, and open-field activity between the two strains. On the other hand, sensitivity of the THA rat to electric shock or to heat stress was less than that of the Wistar rat. From these results, it might be considered that the high and uniform avoidance performance exhibited in the THA rat was caused by an innately acquired ability but not by sensitivity to the shock or developmental differences.

Animals↗