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Biomedical subjects

H Aikawa

Publications and source records attributed to H Aikawa.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Imaging and clinical significance of hepatic portal venous gas seen in adult patients].

In 10 adult patients with hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG), the clinical significance of HPVG and the efficacy of X-ray computed tomography (CT) were evaluated. HPVG was associated with ischemic bowel disease (n = 3), trauma (n = 4), liver abscess (n = 1), sepsis (n = 1), and unknown etiology (n = 1). The diagnostic ability of CT for the detection of HPVG was far superior to that of plain abdominal radiograph. Of 9 patients who underwent CT, HPVG located in the left hepatic lobe in all patients, and also in right hepatic lobe in 7 patients. Gas could be recognized in the left lobe and the anterior segment of the right lobe more clearly than in the posterior segment of the right lobe because of its larger amount of intravenous collection. The mortality rate of our cases was 100%. Gas was demonstrated simultaneously in the portal vein radicles and hepatic veins on CT in 4 patients with no clinical evidence of sepsis, which suggested the possibility of intraparenchymal shift of gas from the portal vein into the hepatic vein. In a single case with sepsis, gas was noted in various vessels, including arteries, in addition to the portal venous system. The authors conclude that HPVG is still a grave sign in Japan and prompt appropriate treatment is required. CT may be of great value in the early detection of HPVG and may indicate its etiology.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of physostigmine on acetylcholine and monoamine metabolites in rat frontal cortex with lesions of the nucleus basalis of Meynert].

Acetylcholine (ACh) and monamine (MA) metabolites were collected from the frontal cortex of free moving rats, using a microdialysis technique. In rats subjected to bilateral ibotenic acid lesioning of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM), ACh release was markedly decreased, while DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA were not affected. Physostigmine (0.3 mg/kg, IP) increased ACh concentration in the brain dialysate, and the rate of ACh increase was lower in nbM-lesioned rats than that in unoperated rats. Physostigmine also increased the concentration of MA metabolites in both nbM-lesioned and unoperated rats equally. The results indicate that there may be some interaction between non nbM-originated cholinergic systems and monoaminergic systems in the frontal cortex.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1993

[CT findings of pulmonary paragonimiasis westermani].

The CT findings of six patients (three symptomatic and three asymptomatic) with pulmonary paragonimiasis westermani were reviewed in correlation with the findings of radiography. Pleural changes were recognized in all cases on CT. In addition to pleural fluid collection and hydropneumothorax, which were demonstrated on plain radiograph, CT showed minimal pleural thickening and adhesion adjacent to the parenchymal lesions. CT showed round nodules of lower attenuation within a subpleural consolidation of triangular shape in two patients. Small air-filled cavities in a parenchymal lesion with central dense spots were demonstrated in two patients, and multiple cavities with irregular wall were seen in one patient. CT also demonstrated the parenchymal lesion with a tunnel-like cavity in one patient. These may represent the worm nodules, the worm within worm cysts, and the worm migration tract, respectively. These pulmonary lesions were located adjacent to the localized pleural thickening or adhesion in all six cases. CT was more useful than radiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis westermani.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effects of TJ-960 on Sternberg's paradigm results in epileptic patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study is aimed at investigating the effects of TJ-960 on cognitive function in epileptic patients. Sternberg's paradigm was used to examine the change in cognitive function, especially short-term memory, resulting from administration of TJ-960, along with the effects of the drug on seizures. SUBJECTS: The subjects of this investigation were 26 epileptic outpatients (14 males and 12 females; average age: 35 +/- 11 years old) of the Saitama Medical School Hospital, the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital and the Tokyo University Hospital. The controls were 17 other epileptic outpatients (12 males and 5 females; average age: 40 +/- 12 years old) of the same hospitals. METHODS: The subjects were administered 7.5 g of TJ-960 per day for 8 weeks in addition to their previous medications. Immediately before the beginning of drug administration, and again after 8 weeks of administration, they were examined, using Sternberg's paradigm. The controls were examined at intervals of 8 weeks in the same manner as the subjects (i.e., no change in regimen). RESULTS: After 8 weeks of treatment with TJ-960, 8 of the subjects exhibited a greater than 25% decrease in the number of seizures. Seventeen cases showed no change, and one case showed exacerbation. The correct reaction times for Sternberg's paradigm in the group administered TJ-960 were 955 +/- 307 ms at the time of the first examination and 881 +/- 277 ms at the time of the second, and those of the control group were 845 +/- 288 ms for the first examination and 829 +/- 269 ms for the second. As these figures show, the correct reaction time was significantly shortened between the first and second examinations in the TJ-960 group. No change was exhibited in the sample reaction time between the first and second examination in either group. The difference in alpha wave power of the occipital region before and after the TJ-960 administration was significantly greater in the patients who showed improvement in Sternberg's paradigm as compared to the patients who remained unchanged in Sternberg's paradigm. In addition, the results for the theta wave power were opposite to those of alpha waves. As mentioned above, TJ-960 was presumed to have the effect of improving the cognitive function in epileptic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical evaluation of postoperative adjuvant arterial infusion chemotherapy in resected hepatoma patients].

Eighty surgically treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were divided into two groups. In group I, twenty patients whose mean diameter of tumors was 56 mm, prophylactically underwent hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy after liver resection. Chemotherapeutic agents (5-FU, ADM, MMC, CDDP, Lipiodol) were administered 4 times a year via Infuse A port. The remaining 60 patients, whose mean diameter of tumors was 57 mm, served as the control without prophylactic infusion (group II). The 2-year cumulative survival rate was higher in the prophylactic group (71%) than the control (48%, p = 0.040). The two-year disease-free survival rate was improved in group I (38%) compared with that in group II (27%, p = 0.021). Intrahepatic multiple recurrence within 1 year after surgery was recognized in four out of 18 patients of group I (22%) and in thirty-three out of 60 patients of group II (55%, p = 0.029). In group I, two cases who died of hepatic failure with no recurrence, had lower functional reverse and a larger amount of Lipiodol than the remaining 18 patients. Adjuvant arterial infusion chemotherapy can thus be be efficacious in alleviating hepatoma recurrence after liver resection. For patients with poor liver function, a smaller volume of chemotherapeutic agents might be feasible.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

[Acute cardiac tamponade in nonpenetrating injury of proximal aorta: report of a case].

A 21-year-old male admitted to the emergency room with multiple traumatic injuries and shock. Although a chest X-ray showed normal in size of cardiac shadow, echocardiography confirmed cardiac tamponade. A median sternotomy was performed and the pericardial space was evacuated of 600 ml of blood and blood clots. Minor bleeding was identified in the proximal aorta, and complete hemostasis was achieved with manual compression and fibrin glue sealing. One month follow-up showed no pseudoaneurysm formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The effectiveness of radiotherapy for Merkel cell carcinoma].

Merkel cell carcinoma is a high-grade malignant tumor of the skin that tends to extend locally and metastasize to regional lymph nodes. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice, and the effectiveness of radiotherapy for this disease has not yet been established. We report two cases of biopsy-proven Merkel cell carcinoma effectively treated with radiotherapy. Histopathological examination of the resected specimens after radiotherapy of 50 Gy and 38 Gy, respectively, using 6 approximately 15 MeV electrons showed no malignant cells in either case. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis has been noted in 11 to 21 months after radiotherapy. To our knowledge, no case of Merkel cell carcinoma in which complete cure was obtained by radiotherapy alone has been reported previously. It is considered that preoperative radiotherapy would contribute to the management of this locally invasive but radiosensitive tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder with subserosal fatty proliferation: CT findings in two cases.

Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is frequently seen in ordinary operative specimens. Subserosal fat may proliferate in the presence of adenomyomatosis, but the amount of subserosal fat may be quite variable. Typical and atypical computed tomographic (CT) findings in two cases of adenomyomatosis with subserosal fatty proliferation of the gallbladder are presented. The thick fatty layer surrounding the thickened gallbladder wall with intramural diverticula and stones, typical of CT findings, was seen in one case, and fat interspersed in the periphery of the thickened gallbladder wall without intramural stones, atypical of CT findings, was seen in a second case.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous orbital hemorrhage in adult females. A report of three cases.

Three cases of spontaneous orbital hemorrhages in 3 adult females are reported. All of the patients had acute radiating pain in the orbit, vomiting and proptosis with a limitation of motility and ecchymosis of the eyelids. One was due to a large orbital varix with a preceding history of intermittent exophthalmos; the causes of the other cases could not be determined from their backgrounds. Within a few weeks, all of them had recovered from hematoma and had good prognoses without surgery. Orbital venous bleeding with 40 mm Hg pressure will cause more than 500 g tension on the four rectus muscles. To treat this clinical emergency, hemostasis with compression in the early phase and waiting for its spontaneous absorption are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Prophylactic chemotherapy by regional arterial infusion in resected hepatoma patients].

We established risk factors for high post-resectional recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). They included: (1)Vp (+), (2)IM (+), (3)more than 5 cm in diameter of the main tumor, and (4)gross type except single nodular tumor. Seventy HCC patients in this category were divided into two groups. In group 1, 11 patients prophylactically underwent hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy after liver resection. Chemotherapeutic agents (MMC, 5-FU, ADM, CDDP) with Lipiodol were administered 4 times a year via Infuse-A-port. The remaining 59 cases served as the control without prophylactic infusion. Two-year survival rate was better in prophylactic group (75%) than in the control (46%, p = 0.063). The two-year disease-free survival was significantly improved in group 1 (40%) compared with that in group 2 (26%, p = 0.019). Based on our data, we suggest that prophylactic arterial infusion chemotherapy can be efficacious in alleviating hepatoma recurrence after liver resection.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

[W-probe for microdialysis method in freely moving rat brain].

Measurements of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and amino acids in freely moving rat brain were performed by microdialysis method. Recently, despite the different methods of measurement for each of those compounds, there have been attempts to measure them simultaneously from the same sample of brain dialysate, without measuring each compound from different samples. However, more sophisticated techniques and highly sensitive devices are required, to manage smaller volume samples obtained with this recent method. In our study, we present W-probe consisting of two probes with cylindrical dialysis membrane with 3 mm length and 0.222 mm outer diameter, intending to improve this method of analysis, without decreasing the recovery rate and sample volume compared with U-probe and permitting a clear analysis of acetylcholine and monoamine metabolites, even with the use of eserine. The results demonstrated that sample volume did not decrease even with slow perfusion rate (2 microliters/min). Thus, the sampling interval could be shorter than the previous microdialysis method, permitting the measurement of neurotransmitter releasing variation.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

[Tumor embolism of pulmonary arteries and subsequent pulmonary infarction observed in two hepatocellular carcinoma cases].

Tumor emboli of the pulmonary arteries are infrequent and premortem detection of this lesion is rare. We encountered two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with tumor emboli of the pulmonary arteries and subsequent pulmonary infarctions. Plain radiographs and CT demonstrated multiple metastatic pulmonary nodules as well as pleural-based pulmonary consolidations representing pulmonary infarctions. Postcontrast CT also showed filling defects in the main pulmonary arteries. These radiographic and CT features are considered to be characteristic of tumor emboli of pulmonary arteries and subsequent pulmonary infarction. In one patient whose initial symptoms were chest pain and bloody sputum, CT was useful in detecting the primary site of tumor emboli of the pulmonary arteries. It should be kept in mind that neoplasm with a tendency to venous invasion can cause tumor emboli of the pulmonary arteries and subsequent pulmonary infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Ultrasonography and CT of thyroglossal duct cysts].

A retrospective analysis of pathologically proved 7 cases of thyroglossal duct cysts was performed in an attempt to determine the characteristics of these lesions using both ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). US showed cystic mass with variable internal echoes or debris in 6 of 7 cases and internal septation in two. CT showed hypodense mass in all 4 cases of which attenuation value were higher than that of water, and rim-enhancement of the wall in one case. CT and US also showed calcification of the wall in one patient. To our knowledge, calcification of the wall of thyroglossal duct cyst was not reported previously. These findings described above may be due to complicated inflammation, and may enable to differentiate the thyroglossal duct cyst from the other neck masses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Epidermal nevus syndrome with hemimegalencephaly: neuropathological study.

A neuropathologic examination of a 5-year-boy with epidermal nevus syndrome and hemimegalencephaly revealed 1) left hemimegalencephaly with an increased volume of the white matter, and 2) cerebral polymicrogyria with pachygyria, heterotopic neurons and prominent astrogliosis. Golgi staining revealed hypertrophic neurons with increased dendrites and spines. The hemihypertrophy of the cerebral hemispheres seems to have contributed to an increased volume of the white matter with migration disorder, and may have been due to a disorder in the germinal cell proliferation stage.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

Dilated posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein: recognition with CT and clinical significance in patients with pancreaticobiliary carcinomas.

The authors retrospectively reviewed computed tomographic (CT) scans, angiograms, and surgical-pathologic records of 226 patients without and 64 patients with pathologically proved pancreaticobiliary carcinoma to evaluate frequency of depiction, normal range of size, and causes of dilatation of the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein (PSPDV) at CT. Among the patients with pancreaticobiliary carcinoma, CT demonstrated enlarged PSPDVs (diameter, greater than or equal to 8 mm) in seven patients. CT and angiography showed that the portal-superior mesenteric vein (P-SMV) was occluded or stenotic at its confluence in three patients and was normal in four patients. Among the latter four patients, localized tumor invasion was found surgically-pathologically along the right lateral wall of the P-SMV in three. A dilated PSPDV with obliteration of the P-SMV at CT may confirm tumor extension to the P-SMV. In patients with a normal P-SMV at CT, a dilated PSPDV indicates that the tumor has extended beyond the pancreatic parenchyman and occluded other pancreaticoduodenal veins or extended to the wall of the P-SMV.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effects of germfree status and food restriction on longevity and growth of mice.

An investigation was undertaken to study the effects of germfree (GF) status and mild food restriction on life span in GF and specific pathogen-free (SPF) male ICR mice either full-fed (ad libitum) or on a restricted diet of 4.5 grams per day (equivalent to approximately 80% of full-fed intake) from five-week-old. The mean life span of the full-fed SPF and GF mice was 75.9 and 88.9 weeks respectively, while the mean life span of the food-restricted SPF and GF mice was 117.5 and 109.6 weeks, respectively. Mice in both GF and SPF food-restricted groups were characterized by lower body weight and increased survival. These findings suggest that the cessation of growth may be importantly and perhaps causally related to longevity. The GF mice survived longer than the SPF mice, but the combination of GF status with food restriction did not seem to extend life span more than food restriction alone.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Myelopathy due to thickened ligamenta flava and abnormal fibrous tissue of the cervicothoracic junction--case report.

A 49-year-old female with subacute myelopathic symptoms due to thickened cervicothoracic yellow ligament and abnormal epidural fibrous tissue is reported. Myelography showed a complete block at the Th3 level. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an extra-axial mass lesion in the spinal canal at the cervicothoracic junction causing the spinal cord compression. Laminectomy with resection of the lesion resulted in good neurological recovery. Histological examination revealed a thickened ligamenta flava and abnormal epidural fibrous tissue without calcification foci.

Cervical Vertebrae↗