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Biomedical subjects

H Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to H Adachi.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Analysis with immunoreactive CCKs and bioactive CCKs in rat duodenum and brain].

We extracted immunoreactive CCKs from rat duodenum and brain. We fractionated these samples by gel-filtration and analyzed with immunoreactivity and bioactivity of each fraction. 1) Elution profile of CCKs in duodenum and brain was well corresponding to that of bioactive CCKs. 2) Contents of CCKs determined by both RIA and Bioassay in each fraction were well correlated with each other. 3) Apparent molecular weights of CCKs of duodenum calibrated in column chromatography were approximately 2200, 1000 and 800. 4) Apparent molecular weight of CCK of brain seemed to be 1000.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on sex determination using human dental pulp. II. Sex determination of teeth left in a room].

The appearance rate of Y chromatin was calculated in the dental pulp with the staining by Quinacrine Mustard. The morphological findings of the tissue were observed with the HE stained section and the change of the appearance rate of Y chromatin was studied along with the morphological change of the tissue. The average of the appearance rate of Y chromatin in the male dental pulp was 42.2% immediately after the tooth extraction, 34.8% after one month, 27.9% after 3 months, 20.8% after 6 months, 20.6% after 1 year, 19.1% after 18 months and 11.4% after 2 years, respectively. On the other hand, the appearance rate of the pseudo-Y chromatin spot in the female pulp was below 4.2% through the two years' observation which enabled to determine the sexuality. By the HE staining observation about the dental pulp, left at a room temperature, it was revealed that the pulp tissue can be well preserved for a long time because of the natural drying. The degree of the staining declined with the lapse of time after the removal of tooth. Degeneration of tissue did not offer any discrete criteria for the estimation of the lapse of time after the removal of tooth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Left ventricular pressure-volume diagram determined by forward and backward formatting of radionuclide ventriculography and analog pressure data].

Pressure-volume (PV) loop is of great value for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) function, but its clinical application has been limited by methodological complexity. A new system was developed to make accurate loop with simplified procedure, and was applied to clinical and interventional study. The system constitutes of a mobile gamma camera, a poly-amplifier and a data processor (GMS-550U, Toshiba Medical) installed in cardiac catheterization labo for simultaneous raw data handling and successive analysis. Since LV time activity curve (TAC) obtained by usual ECG gating is not fully reliable for a entire cardiac cycle, radionuclide data acquired in list mode was formatted forward and backward from ECG trigger together with analog data of LV pressure, ECG and PCG. PV loops were drawn in 10 patients (OMI, AP, MR, HCM) and 5 normals before and after infusion of angiotensin-II (AII), and Emax and LV work (systolic; SW, diastolic; DW, net; NW = SW - DW) were measured. Radionuclide ventriculography was safely performed with cardiac catheterization even in patients with congestive heart failure. Satisfactory PV loops were obtained by the advantage of simultaneous acquisition of RNV and analog data. Changes of ECG, PCG, volume, pressure and derived indices through one cardiac cycle were readily comparable each other. Peak LV pressure (mmHg) increased from 134 to 159 and then 182 by infusion of AII, but no change in heart rate was observed Emax was higher in normals and AP (mean 1.96 mmHg/ml/m2) than in OMI and MR (range of 0.85-1.36). SW increased in response to rise of LV pressure in all subjects. NW increased in normals and AP, but decreased in OMI and MR with relative increase in DW. In conclusion, this new system is feasible for repetitive studies under drug intervention, since it makes accurate PV loop under physiologic state, i.e. without pacing and volume overloading. Variable changes of SW, DW, and NW in response to afterloading were clarified, which may be useful for the evaluation of cardiac reserve in normal and diseased heart.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1988

Dexamethasone inhibits the cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor.

Effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on the cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was examined using murine fibroblast cell line (L929 cells). DEX protected cells from the cytotoxic action of TNF. Protection of cytotoxic action was apparent when cells were pre-treated with DEX for 12h and no protection was observed in the presence of cycloheximide. These results suggested that de novo synthesis of new proteins was required for DEX-mediated protection. Moreover, prolonged simultaneous treatment with TNF and DEX resulted in the enhancement of cell growth, suggesting that TNF acted as a growth factor when cells were protected from the cytotoxic action of TNF. These results suggested that the signal transduction system for fibroblast growth enhancing and cytotoxic action of TNF were different from each other and that the interaction between TNF and glucocorticoids may play a modulating role in some inflammatory processes in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of AA861, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, on amylase secretion from rat pancreatic acini.

We have examined the effects of 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (AA861), a selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, on the action of cholecystokinin (CCK) and other secretagogues in the stimulation of amylase secretion from dispersed rat pancreatic acini. AA861 inhibited amylase secretion caused by CCK, carbamylcholine (carbachol), bombesin or calcium ionophore A23187 but failed to affect amylase secretion by vasoactive intestinal peptide or 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate. Inhibition by AA861 of CCK or carbachol-induced amylase secretion was confined to the relatively lower concentrations of these secretagogues. AA861 did not inhibit receptor binding of CCK or alter the cellular calcium mobilization induced by CCK. In kinetic studies, AA861 was effective only on amylase secretion from pancreatic acini incubated with CCK for more than 5 min. Indomethacin, a known inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, did not affect the amylase secretion caused by all secretagogues used. These results indicate that the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism may be involved in the actions of calcium-dependent secretagogues of amylase secretion in rat dispersed pancreatic acini, especially for sustaining stimulation of amylase secretion by CCK.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

Donor core-cooling provides improved static preservation for heart-lung transplantation.

Twenty-three dairy calves underwent heart-lung allotransplantation after donor organs were procured using either donor core-cooling through cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or pulmonary artery flush (PAF) to assess which method provides optimal graft preservation. In Groups 1 (control) and 2, donors were cooled to 15 degrees C on CPB and organs were either immediately transplanted (Group 1) or stored in saline solution (4 degrees C) for 4 hours (Group 2) prior to transplantation. In Group 3, donors were pretreated with prostaglandin E1 prior to PAF with modified Euro-Collins solution. Organs were stored in saline solution (4 degrees C) for 4 hours and were then transplanted. Acute cardiopulmonary function following transplantation was assessed by the ratio of end-systolic pressure to end-systolic dimension, extravascular lung water (EVLW), lung compliance, arterial oxygenation, and lung biopsy. Cardiac function after the transplantation procedure was similar in all groups, but EVLW values and lung biopsy scores were worse after PAF. Arterial O2 tension appeared lower after PAF, but not significantly so. Core-cooling provides superior static preservation and thus improved graft function in the acute bovine model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of steroid hormones on the cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor.

The effects of steroid hormones on the cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were examined. Dexamethasone and hydrocortisone inhibited the cytotoxic action of TNF toward murine L929 cells. Aldosterone was less active, and androsterone and testosterone had no effect. These results suggested that the protective effect was rather specific for glucocorticoids. Moreover, prolonged treatment with TNF and glucocorticoids resulted in the enhancement of cell growth. These results suggested that the mechanisms of the growth factor activity and the cytotoxic action of TNF were distinguishable from each other.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Identification of the penicillin-binding active site of penicillin-binding protein 2 of Escherichia coli.

We determined the active site of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 of Escherichia coli. A water-soluble form of PBP 2, which was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, was purified by affinity chromatography, labeled with dansyl-penicillin, and then digested with a combination of proteases. The amino acid composition of the labeled chymotryptic peptide purified by HPLC was identical with that of the amino acid sequence, Ala-Thr-Gln-Gly-Val-Tyr-Pro-Pro-Ala-Ser330-Thr-Val-Lys-Pro (residues 321-334) of PBP 2, which was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the pbpA gene encoding PBP 2. This amino acid sequence was verified by sequencing the labeled tryptic peptide containing the labeled chymotryptic peptide region. A mutant PBP 2 (thiol-PBP 2), constructed by site-directed mutagenesis to replace Ser330 with Cys, lacked the penicillin-binding activity. These findings provided evidence that Ser330 near the middle of the primary structure of PBP 2 is the penicillin-binding active-site residue, as predicted previously on the basis of the sequence homology. Around this active site, the sequence Ser-Xaa-Xaa-Lys was observed, which is conserved in the active-site regions of all E. coli PBPs so far studied, class A and class C beta-lactamases, and D-Ala carboxypeptidases. The COOH-terminal amino acid of PBP 2 was identified as His633.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1988

Intraosseous epidermal cyst of the sacrum. A case report.

An unusual case of intraosseous epidermal cyst is reported. The patient, a 45-year-old Japanese female, had suffered from lumbago and dysuria for about 15 years. X-ray examinations and CT scan revealed an expanded osteolytic tumor without marginal sclerotic change within the sacrum, which anteriorly invaded the surrounding soft tissues at the S2/3 level. At this time, chordoma was suspected, but epidermal cyst with foreign body granuloma was finally diagnosed from biopsy and surgical specimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Osteosarcoma. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on alkaline phosphatase-positive tumor cells constituting a variety of histologic types.

The osteosarcomas were subclassified into osteoblastic, fibroblastic, chondroblastic and telangiectatic types and examined by electron microscopy. Their immunohistochemical reactions were also studied. In an overall survey of the above types, fibroblast-like cells revealed poorly developed cytoplasmic organelles with rather short, branching rough endoplasmic reticulum, mixed with osteoblast-like cells that were hardly distinguishable from the former. They appeared to be an early stage of an osteoblastic cell lineage from the distribution and development of their cell organelles and highly positive vimentin activity. The tumor cells in malignant cartilage varied in appearance from chondroblast-like to osteoblast-like cells. All types of tumor cells expressed alkaline phosphatase activity to a significant degree. Immunohistochemical staining showed a mixture of procollagen type I-positive cells among the cells positive for both procollagen type II and S-100 protein in the malignant cartilage. Irrespective of any ultrastructural differences between these various tumor cell types, they all revealed a significant degree of ALPase activity unlike other types of bone tumors, suggesting that the tumor cells which constitute the various types of osteosarcoma are derived from a common precursor cell.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Functional and anatomical recovery of endothelium after denudation of coronary artery.

Endothelium-related coronary dilation after balloon denudation was compared with the extent of luminal lining of the regenerated endothelial cells. Under conditions of asepsis, a pair of 10-MHz piezoelectric crystals, an electromagnetic flow probe, and a cuff occluder were placed on the left circumflex coronary artery. Seven to 10 days after this instrumentation, the dogs were anesthetized and the endothelium was removed with the use of a balloon catheter. Immediately after balloon denudation, coronary dilations following reactive hyperemia (reactive dilation) and acetylcholine 3 micrograms/kg iv were reduced to 19 +/- 5 (P less than 0.01) and 10 +/- 4% (P less than 0.01) of control, respectively. In 2, 5, and 7-10 days after denudation, reactive dilation in the conscious dogs was 24 +/- 7 (n = 16), 71 +/- 10 (n = 11), and 75 +/- 9% (n = 5) of control, respectively. Acetylcholine-induced coronary dilation in conscious state was 52 +/- 12 (n = 9), 116 +/- 17 (n = 7), and 94 +/- 24% (n = 2) of control in 2, 5, and 7-10 days after denudation, respectively. There was a positive linear relation between the extent of reactive dilation and acetylcholine-induced dilation from 2 to 10 days after denudation (r = 0.734). The amount of reactive hyperemia, nitroglycerin-induced coronary dilation, and ergonovine-induced coronary constriction remained constant during the experimental period. The area covered by the endothelial cells at the denuded site was 8 +/- 3 (n = 5), 18 +/- 9 (n = 6), 64 +/- 9 (n = 6), and 81 +/- 11% (n = 3) of the denuded area in 0, 2, 5, and 7-10 days after denudation, respectively, which linearly related to the percent recovery of reactive dilation (r = 0.912). Thus reactive dilation or acetylcholine-induced coronary dilation depended on the presence of endothelium, irrespective of the shape or alignment of the regenerated tissues. These findings may be clinically relevant because anatomical integrity of the endothelium might be assessed in vivo by reactive dilation or acetylcholine-induced coronary dilation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies of rokitamycin in children].

Rokitamycin dry syrup (RKM), a new macrolide antibiotic preparation, was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in 19 children. RKM was effective in mycoplasmal pneumonia, Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonitis and Campylobacter gastroenteritis. Efficacies of RKM in streptococcal pharyngitis and Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia, however, were insufficient. Pharmacokinetic observations seemed to indicate that RKM achieved higher blood concentrations than older macrolides, but a large individual variation was observed. Diarrhea which was the only type of side effect observed in our cases, was encountered in 2 of 17 evaluable cases. From these data, RKM seems to have a place in the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases.

Campylobacter Infections↗