Retrograde cerebral perfusion against massive air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
H Abe
Publications and source records attributed to H Abe.
[Pseudocoarctation associated with dissecting aneurysm of the aorta: a case report].
A case of pseudocoarctation with dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta and arch is reported. A 49-year-old man was admitted with chest pain and loss of consciousness. Angiogram showed kinking of the aortic isthmus and dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta. There was no pressure gradient between arms and legs. Prosthetic graft replacement of the ascending aorta was successfully performed by the use of total cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia. Etiology of the development of pseudocoarctation is unknown, however, hypothesis that embryological abnormality of the aortic arch is one of the contributing factors has been widely accepted. This case was accompanied by bicuspid aortic valve. It is suggested that the developmental etiology of this case seems to be similar to that of classical coarctation of the aorta. Development of the dissecting aneurysm is supposed to be due to hypertension of the upper body during exercise, even though there is no pressure gradient at rest.
Aortic Dissection↗
Zahn infarct of the liver resulting from occlusive phlebitis in portal vein radicles.
A 56-yr-old man had a solitary nodular mass in the right hepatic lobe. The nodule was clinically diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma, and a right hepatic lobectomy was performed. The nodule had a previously undescribed histological appearance, and was finally diagnosed as a Zahn infarct with the additional feature of fibrosis. We think that the mass was produced by occlusive phlebitis in a medium-size portal vein radicle and its smaller radicles. This is the case of a very unique Zahn infarct in two respects: 1) the histological appearance (fibrosis), and 2) the fact that it was due to occlusive phlebitis in portal vein radicles. The data obtained here indicate that a special type of Zahn infarct, as represented by this case, may present with clinical information (nodular mass and neovascularity) suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
[A case of posttraumatic delayed cerebral arterial spasm; case report and review of the literature on the pathogenesis].
A case of posttraumatic delayed cerebral arterial spasm is presented. A 71-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with head injury. Neurological examination on admission only revealed consciousness disturbance (Japan Coma Scale 30). CT scan 19 hours after the injury demonstrated a contusional hematoma in the right frontal lobe, faint subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left sylvian fissure and subdural hematoma in the interhemispheric fissure. His consciousness was disturbed on the 14th day. CT scan demonstrated a left subdural effusion, which was surgically evacuated. However, from the next day the patient developed left hemiparesis. Right carotid angiogram on the 17th day after the injury revealed multiple segmental arterial narrowing in the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA). We diagnosed a posttraumatic delayed cerebral arterial spasm. CT scan revealed low density areas in the right ACA and MCA territory. The pathogenesis of posttraumatic delayed arterial spasm is not yet well known. Now, four theories have been suggested as follows: (1) Subarachnoid hemorrhage, (2) Direct mechanical injury to the arterial wall, (3) Hypothalamus dysfunction, and (4) Disturbed autoregulation. In our case, three important factors are suggested. The first is direct injury to the artery, the second is cerebral contusion, and the third is subdural effusion.
Aged↗
Radioprotective effects of serum thymic factor in mice.
Serum thymic factor (FTS) reduced mortality of mice after total-body irradiation with 7.56 Gy X rays. The radioprotective effect was achieved by daily repeated subcutaneous injections of 3-100 micrograms FTS, while doses higher than 300 micrograms/day/mouse were neither radioprotective nor toxic. Similarly, degeneration of the spleen was moderated by 3-100 micrograms FTS but not by 500 micrograms FTS in sublethally (3.78 Gy) irradiated mice. Histological examination showed that hematopoiesis was enhanced in the spleen by daily injections of 10 micrograms FTS. Spleen cells from the FTS-treated mice incorporated more [3H]thymidine in culture with or without concanavalin A. The treatment with FTS increased the production of colony-stimulating factor in the spleen as well as in peritoneal macrophage-like cells, and caused a significant increase in the number of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells both in the spleen and in the femoral bone marrow. Furthermore, FTS prevented a decrease in circulating neutrophils in the sublethally irradiated mice. Prominent overshoot recovery of myelopoiesis, which occurred occasionally in sublethally irradiated mice, did not occur in the FTS-treated mice. The decrease in blood erythrocytes was also significantly reduced. These observations imply that this thymic hormone has potential as a radioprotector.
Animals↗
[Quantitative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in syringomyelia using cine MRI with pre-saturation].
Some reports show the qualitative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsation in the subarachnoid space and the syrinx using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, few reports studied the quantitative analysis of CSF pulsation. We report here the results of quantitative analysis of CSF pulsation using the cine MRI with pre-saturation pulse. Using flow phantom, we calibrated the correlation between the true velocity and calculated velocity acquired from the movement of pre-saturated low signal. Three cases of syringomyelia with Chiari malformation, two cases of traumatic syringomyelia, and three normal volunteers were examined using this technique, and we could obtain time-velocity curves of CSF in both subarachnoid spaces and syrinx. Although obvious pulsation of CSF was observed in the syrinx of all Chiari malformations, no pulsation of CSF was observed in the syrinx of traumatic syringomyelia. CSF in the syrinx moves upward in the early systolic cardiac cycle, downward in the systolic cycle, and upward again in the diastolic cycle. Patterns of CSF pulsation in syrinx were similar to those in the subarachnoid space, but "phase" of these pulsations differed from case to case. These results suggest the close relationship between CSF pulsation in the syrinx and CSF obstruction at the cranio-vertebral junction. Dissociation of the "phase" of CSF pulsation in the syrinx and subarachnoid space may be significant in the analysis of the pathogenesis of syringomyelia.
Adult↗
[Cerebral blood flow reactivity to hyperventilation in children with spontaneous occlusion of the circle of willis (moyamoya disease)].
To elucidate the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) after hyperventilation (HV) and the rebuild-up phenomenon on the encephaloelectrogram (EEG) in children with moyamoya disease, comparative study of CBF immediately after HV and CBF after administration of acetazolamide (Diamox) was examined. CBF was measured by means of single photon emission CT (SPECT) using the 133Xe inhalation method. The subjects were 11 children (21 hemispheres) with moyamoya disease who were divided into two groups as follows, 1) Bypass group; who underwent STA-MCA anastomosis with other synangiosis. 2) Non-Bypass group; who underwent only some synangiosis such as EDAS, EMAS, EMS. The summary of the results is shown below. Regional CBF (rCBF) after HV of the frontal lobes in the Non-Bypass group had an evident tendency to show low perfusion compared with CBF in other regions. The correlation between low perfusion area after HV, and areas where the increase of rCBF is less after administration of acetazolamide became clear. The strongest relation was observed between low perfusion after HV and re-build-up phenomenon on EEG. On the other hand, rCBF after HV of the frontal lobes in the Bypass group had, compared with other regions, no tendency to show low perfusion. From this study and our previous reports, it is assumed that there is some hemodynamic insufficiency in the frontal lobes of the Non-Bypass group. The reason why the reduction of rCBF was less after HV especially in the frontal lobes of the Bypass group is still unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acetazolamide↗
[Anterior approach for cervical dumb-bell typed neurinomas].
We experienced three cases of the dumb-bell typed cervical neurinoma. All of them compressed the spinal cord in the spinal canal, and had developed through the intervertebral foramen and compressed and displaced the vertebral artery. The decompression of the vertebral artery and reconstruction of the spine as well as the removal of the tumor were thought to be important. We used the anterior approach and were able to operate safely and completely. The anterior approach was thought to be effective for the surgical treatment of dumb-bell typed cervical neurinoma.
Adult↗
[Maximum entropy method and Fourier transform for wave analysis of pattern visual evoked potentials].
To estimate spectral analysis of pattern visual evoked potentials (P-VEPs) the maximum entropy method (MEM) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) were investigated. P-VEPs were recorded in 16 normal eyes using the reversal pattern of 2 c/d vertical sine wave gratings. Six temporal frequencies (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hz) were used. MEM power spectrum with the parameter (dimension of autoregression model) which was decided final prediction error (FPE) method did not necessarily always give satisfactory results. The MEM power spectrum of transient VEP changed in manner different from that of steady state VEP as the dimension of autoregression model varied. In steady state VEP the peak of the MEM spectrum was positioned accurately at dimension 50 but in transient VEP the peak positioned accurately at a larger dimension. Both in MEM and FFT the curves of the square root of the power vs temporal frequency resembled each other and had temporal tuning with a maximum at 6 Hz. At lower temporal frequencies (2, 3 Hz) the correlation coefficient increased gradually as the harmonic component became higher (2 nd less than 4 th less than 6 h). MEM powers in the second harmonic component were highly correlated with FFT power in temporal frequency above 4Hz. These results showed that the MEM power spectrum had higher resolution than FFT and had different properties especially at lower temporal frequencies. MEM with optimum parameters should be very useful for wave analysis of P-VEPs.
Evoked Potentials, Visual↗
[Anatomical analysis of the sources of somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) using 3D-MRI].
We have recorded short latency somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) to left median nerve stimulation in three healthy subjects. The locations of the deduced dipole sources were projected onto the 3-Dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D-MRI) of the individual subjects providing an anatomical localization. We found that the deduced sources were located at the primary sensorimotor hand area on the posterior surface of the central sulcus, at an average depth of 26mm (11mm) from the scalp (brain surface). This technique that combined MEG with 3D-MRI was able to precisely determine source locations and analyze the relationships between dipole sources and brain structures. By using this technique, we can confirm functional anatomy of the brain noninvasively, and obtain much useful information preoperatively and during operation.
Adult↗
[Intraoperative monitoring of facial electromyographic responses during neurovascular decompressive surgery for hemifacial spasm].
UNLABELLED: In this paper, we reported our experience of intraoperative facial electromyographic recordings obtained during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intraoperative electromyographic recordings from the mentalis muscle during stimulation of the temporal branch of the facial nerve has been attempted in 31 patients. No muscle relaxants were used except for those before intubation. Of 31 patients, 22 were female and 9 were male. The age on admission ranged from 31 to 60 years with a mean of 54 years. RESULTS: 1. Abnormal response appeared with a latency of about 10 msec after stimulation. This response disappeared in 30 out of 31 patients at the end of operation. In 4 patients, the abnormal response disappeared prior to decompression of the nerve. 2. 30 patients in whom the abnormal response disappeared were free of spasm immediately after surgery. Hemifacial spasm has been relieved in 28 patients with a follow up period of 6 months to 2 years and 7 months. The remaining two patients had mild spasm. The one patient in whom the abnormal response did not disappear had persistent hemifacial spasm. CONCLUSION: The authors think that intraoperative facial electromyographic recording is useful to identify the blood vessel that is causing the spasm and to ensure that decompression of the nerve has been accomplished.
Adult↗
[Effects of alcohol on circadian blood pressure pattern].
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Alcohol Drinking↗
A gender difference in the association between salt sensitivity and family history of hypertension.
We examined 174 subjects (82 men and 92 women) with essential hypertension to determine whether gender played an important role in the association of blood pressure (BP) familial disposition, and hypertension. To evaluate the salt sensitivity of BP, we measured changes in blood pressure after restricting salt intake from about 15 g/day to less than 3 g/day. The familial disposition to hypertension was categorized into four groups according to the presence or absence of hypertension in the father, mother, and siblings. If none, one, two, or three family members had hypertension, they were assigned the FH(-), FH(+), FH(++), and FH( ) groups, respectively. Only in women did the FH(-) group show a significantly smaller blood pressure reduction than that of the other groups. The mean BP reduction in the four groups was 4.1 +/- 1.9, 8.5 +/- 1.1, 10.1 +/- 1.5, and 11.2 +/- 2.8 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM), respectively. This difference in BP reduction was not observed in men. Multiple regression analysis, using percent changes in mean BP as the dependent variable and other factors as independent variables, also showed a significant partial correlation coefficient for familial disposition to hypertension only in women. Thus, the relationship between salt sensitivity and familial disposition to hypertension differed according to gender. This difference may provide an important insight into the hereditary nature of hypertension.
Adult↗
[A case of hypothalamic astrocytoma with precocious puberty].
A case of hypothalamic astrocytoma with precocious puberty is presented. In July 1989, a 2-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital because of vaginal bleeding and enlargement of breasts. Breast development was Tanner's stage 3 and no pubic hair was present. Endocrinological evaluation revealed a slightly high level of LH, but the responses of LH and FSH to LH-RH test resulted in exceedingly high values similar to those in adults. Plain CT scan showed an isodense mass in the suprasellar cistern which was not enhanced following administration of contrast medium. MR imaging revealed the precise location of the mass attached to the posterior hypothalamus between the pituitary stalk and the mamillary bodies in sagittal view. The signal intensity of the mass was homogenous and isointense relative to the gray matter on T1 weighted image. But on T2 weighted image, it showed high signal intensity compared with the normal brain parenchyma. A right fronto-temporal craniotomy was performed and the tumor was partially removed. Histological examination disclosed moderate hypercellularity of glial cells but no neurons were visible. This appeared to be astrocytoma grade II. In the literature, CT and MRI behaviour of hypothalamic hamartomas are almost similar to our case. Therefore we think it is not possible at the present time to differentiate a low grade astrocytoma from hamartoma when using CT and MRI alone. In this case, the mechanism of development of precocious puberty seemed to be due to hypothalamic compression by the tumor.
Astrocytoma↗
Activation of spinal neurons by afferent fibers in the ventral roots of rats.
The present investigation was aimed to search for spinal neurons which are activated by afferent fibers in the ventral roots, and once found, to study their receptive field and rostral projection. After dorsal roots L1-S4 on the left side were cut, ventral roots were stimulated to record extracellular responses of the neurons using glass microelectrodes filled with Fast green FCF. Thirty-nine neurons were activated by stimulating ventral roots at 2.5-26.7 x threshold (T) of the lowest threshold fibers of the ventral root. Six neurons were classified as wide dynamic range neurons and 16 high threshold neurons according to their response patterns to the periphery. Seventeen neurons were unresponsive to cutaneous stimulation, suggesting they had innervated visceral organs. Most of the neurons (71%) were located in layer V and VI. In 7 neurons (18%), rostral projection was confirmed by collision block method and ability to respond to high frequency stimuli with constant latency.
Animals↗
Photic induction of Fos protein in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is inhibited by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801.
Exposure of rodents to light can induce expression of a number of immediate-early genes, including c-fos, in cells of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a dominant pacemaker in the mammalian circadian system. We examined the effects of pre-treatment with the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801, on the induction of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-lir) in cells in the hamster SCN. At doses of 3 and 5 mg/kg, MK-801 treatment blocked photic induction of Fos-lir in the rostral SCN and ventrolateral portions of the caudal SCN but failed to block induction of Fos-lir in a discrete region of the dorsolateral SCN. These results suggest that photic induction of Fos-lir in most of the SCN depends on activation of an NMDA-type receptor which is sensitive to MK-801, but that Fos-lir in one portion of the SCN is induced by a mechanism which is not antagonized by MK-801.
Animals↗
Detection of heat-stable enterotoxin in a cholera toxin gene-positive strain of Vibrio cholerae O1.
DNA colony hybridization with a polynucleotide clonal DNA probe for heat-stable enterotoxin of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (NAG-ST) was used to screen 197 isolates of V. cholerae O1. Under stringent hybridizing and washing conditions, one strain (GP156) reacted with the probe. The concentrated supernatant from V. cholerae O1 GP156, heated at 100 degrees C for 5 min, elicited fluid accumulation in the suckling mice and that could be completely neutralized by an anti-NAG-ST monoclonal antibody (mAb2F). The preparation from V. cholerae O1 GP156 also inhibited the binding of mAb2F to NAG-ST in a competitive ELISA. V. cholerae O1 GP156 was confirmed to possess a gene encoding cholera toxin (CT). These results indicate that a heat-stable enterotoxin is produced by certain strains of CT-producing V. cholerae O1.
Animals↗
Establishment and characterization of unique cell lines (KCC-1a and KCC-1b) from endometrial adenocarcinoma with clear cell carcinoma presenting unusual karyotypes and estrogen secretion.
Human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines (KCC-1a and KCC-1b) were established from a resected endometrial carcinoma of a 67-year-old woman. The original tumor showed the bimorphic patterns of tubular adenocarcinoma and clear cell carcinoma. The cell lines have been maintained for 50 months through 100 passages. The doubling time of KCC-1a was 87 hours, whereas that of KCC-1b was 144 hours. The number of chromosomes of KCC-1a distributed in a range from 33 to 79, whereas that of KCC-1b distributed in a range from 64 to 82 (mode, 76). Functionally, both KCC-1a and KCC-1b cells showed the productions of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) but not estriol (E3) or progesterone (P). These cells grown in a serum-free medium secreted E1 (KCC-1a, 13.6 pg/ml; KCC-1b, 9.5 pg/ml) and E2 (10.5 pg/ml, 9.5 pg/ml) at passage 40. Neither KCC-1a nor KCC-1b cells contained estrogen or progesterone receptors. Tumor markers--alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 125, and CA 19-9--were not detected. Both KCC-1a and KCC-1b cells produced tumors in nude mice xenografts. Histologically, the tumors of KCC-1a cells were clear cell carcinoma, whereas those of KCC-1b cells were tubular adenocarcinoma. These findings suggest that KCC-1a and KCC-1b cells will provide useful information to clarify the histogenesis of endometrial carcinoma combined with clear cell carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma↗