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Biomedical subjects

H Abe

Publications and source records attributed to H Abe.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Bone changes in Parkinson's disease].

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder and tends to occur in elderly people, who sometimes develop age-related osteoporosis. Pathological bone changes seem to affect the outcome and prognosis of PD. We studied the relationship between bone changes and PD. Bone examination was conducted by multiple scanning X-ray photodensitometry in 70 patients with PD and 46 age-matched controls. We then compared the results with the clinical characteristics of PD. Of the 70 patients, 44 were women and 26 were men; the mean ages were 65.5 +/- 7.9 (mean +/- SD) and 63.4 +/- 9.9 years, respectively. Of the 46 controls, 25 were women and 21 were men, with mean ages of 61.4 +/- 10.2 and 60.3 +/- 9.3 years, respectively. Osteopenia was detected in 26 (59%) of the 44 female, and 5 (19%) of the 26 male patients, and in 6 (24%) of the 25 female and 2 (9%) of the 21 male controls. The frequency of osteopenia was significantly greater in the female patients than in the male patients or the female controls. The mean Hoehn & Yahr stage of female patients with osteopenia was more severe than that of those without osteopenia, with a significant difference between the two groups. Osteopenia in men was related to the duration of PD, but this was not so in the women. The female patients without osteopenia tended to have earlier onset of PD and longer duration of the disease and treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Vacuolated meningioma with secretory features: a case report.

We report a case of meningioma with secretory features in a 47-year-old woman. The left frontal tumor mass had already eroded the overlying bone at the time of presentation. When respected, the mass showed a gelatinous appearance. Histologically, marked vacuolar change was seen in the stroma. Whorls, psammoma bodies, and pavement arrangement of nuclei were also noted. Periodic acid-Schiff stain revealed cytoplasmic granules, which were digested with diastase. Alcian blue diffusely stained the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Electron microscopy showed numerous small vacuoles and cored vesicles in the cytoplasm. Glycogen granules were poorly observed. These features indicate the mild secretory nature of this vacuolated meningioma.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Effect of chronic smoking on regional cerebral blood flow in asymptomatic individuals.

Correlations between cigarette smoking and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were determined. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the level of cigarette use is a significant predictor of regional CBF (rCBF) when age, gender, mean arterial blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, hematocrit, and presence of ST-T change and left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram (ECG) are controlled. We studied a continuous sample of 40 asymptomatic individuals including 20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers. Subjects (mean age 66.2 yr) had an average smoking index of 456 +/- 485.1 (mean +/- standard deviation) [(Number of cigarette/d) x (years of smoking history)]. Regional CBF was measured using the intravenous 133Xe injection method. Simple linear regression and multivariate regression analyses were performed, which modeled regional cerebral blood flow as a function of smoking index and other cerebrovascular disease risk factors. The male-to-female ratio was higher in the group of smokers (18/2) than in the group of nonsmokers (2/18) (P < 0.01). The mean hematocrit of smokers was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in other variables tested between the two groups. Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation of smoking index with CBF in whole brain (r = -0.33; P < 0.05), the right hemisphere (r = -0.34; P < 0.05), right parietal cortex (r = -0.36; P < 0.05), right occipital cortex (r = -0.34; P < 0.05) and left parietal cortex (r = -0.33; P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

[Fluorescein angiographic findings regarding the optic disc in cases of low-tension glaucoma and the chronic stage of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy].

The optic disc was studied by stereofluorescein angiography in 7 cases of the chronic stage of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) and 20 cases of low-tension glaucoma (LTG), to clarify the difference in vasculature. In the LTG patients, a selective and well-defined decrease of laminar and prelaminar capillaries in the upper and (or) lower temporal area of the optic disc was found in 38 (95%) of 40 eyes in the 20 cases. In the AION patients, a decrease of laminar and prelaminar capillaries was also found in 3 (43%) of 7 eyes in the 7 unilateral cases, but the specific area and form of vascular reduction were not found. These results show that the angiographic picture of the optic disc in LTG is clearly different from that in AION.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Electroretinogram and visual evoked potential in two siblings with adult form galactosialidosis.

We recorded flash electroretinograms (ERGs), flash visual evoked potentials (VEPs), pattern ERGs and pattern VEPs in two siblings with adult form galactosialidosis. The amplitude of b-wave was decreased in flash ERGs. The peak latency of flash VEPs was within normal range. The pattern ERGs and VEPs were nonrecordable. These results suggested the damage of retinal ganglion cell and inner nuclear layer in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Neurophysiological analysis of circadian rhythm entrainment.

We review recent studies in our laboratory that have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying photic entrainment of the mammalian circadian system. The results from studies of extracellular single-unit recordings and of photic induction of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-lir) indicate that excitatory amino acid (EAA) transmission, and particularly activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype, is important for conveying photic information to suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) cells. We have also found that a subregion of the SCN still shows Fos-lir after blockade of EAA receptors, and we have evidence suggesting that these cells are innervated by a distinct subdivision of the retinal projection to the SCN. In addition, we have found that photic responses of cells in the intergeniculate leaflet (which projects to the SCN) and of SCN cells are modulated by serotonin (5-HT) via a receptor that resembles the 5-HT1A subtype.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[A case of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN type 2) with bilateral recurrent nerve palsy].

An atypical case of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) type 2 with cerebellar ataxia, hand tremor and bilateral recurrent nerve palsy was described. The patient was a 57-year-old man who complained of dyspnea, stridor , hoarseness during exercise and snored heavily during sleep since he was 20 years old. These symptoms and signs were slowly progressive. He had difficulty in breathing even at resting state when he was 54 years old and since then, he noticed muscle wasting of his hands and feet. Neurological examinations on admission revealed pes cavus, scoliosis, distal muscular atrophy in his four extremities, especially severe in bilateral lower limbs. Deep tendon reflexes were diffusely depressed. The fiberscopic examination demonstrated the limitation of bilateral vocal cord abduction and his tongue was slightly atrophic. Fine postural tremor was found in bilateral hands. Mild limb and truncal ataxias were also noted. Blood pCO2 level was elevated to 66% although FEV1.0% and vital capacity were within normal limits. Peripheral nerve conduction velocities were almost normal, though distal terminal latencies were slightly prolonged and amplitudes of evoked potentials were markedly decreased. The sural nerve biopsy studies revealed the chronic axonal or neuronal degeneration of both large and small myelinated fibers. From the clinical, electrophysiologic and histopathologic findings, the diagnosis of HMSN type 2 with bilateral recurrent nerve palsy and other atypical neurological findings was made. It is practically important to evaluate the presence or absence of vocal cord paralysis in the patients with HMSN from clinical viewpoints.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Scanning electron microscopy of goat oviductal epithelial cells at the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrus cycle.

The luminal surfaces of epithelial cells in various regions of the oviducts of the goats at the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Marked cyclic changes were observed on the surface of the epithelium in the fimbriae, ampulla and ampullar-isthmic junction, but few changes were found in the isthmus or uterotubal junction. The epithelium of the fimbriae, ampulla, and ampullar-isthmic junction of oviducts in the follicular phase was extensively ciliated and most of the cilia extended above the apical processes of the nonciliated cells. In the luteal phase, many ciliated cells were hidden by the bulbous processes of the nonciliated cells. In the isthmus and at the uterotubal junction, the apical surfaces of the nonciliated cells were flat or gently rounded at both phases of the oestrous cycle. The results demonstrate that regional variations are associated with the cyclic changes in the epithelial cells of the goat oviduct.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Spatial modulation transfer function of vision by pattern visual-evoked potentials in patients with early glaucoma.

We applied subjective and psychophysical methods and pattern visual-evoked potential (VEP) P100peak latency as an objective index to measure spatial modulation transfer function (MTF) in normal subjects and patients with early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in an effort to detect impairment of the spatial MTF of vision. To estimate spatial MTF objectively, the peak latency of the P100 component of pattern VEP was investigated. The mean contrast sensitivity in normal subjects derived from the pattern VEP peak latency was found to be maximum at the check size of 14.4 minutes of arc (i.e., 2.08 cycles per degree of spatial frequency), and the objective spatial MTF curve coincided well with that of the subjective one at all spatial frequencies examined. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the objective (VEP) contrast threshold and the subjective one. Deterioration of the objective contrast sensitivity derived from the VEP peak latency was found to be much prominent that of the subjective one in patients with early glaucoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Aortic regurgitation developed seven years after mediastinal radiation therapy: report of a case].

We report on radiation-induced valvular dysfunction in a 41-year-old woman who developed aortic regurgitation with clinical symptoms, requiring aortic valve replacement seven years after mediastinal radiation therapy for carcinoma of the breast. She was treated with cobalt radiation therapy of 4000 rads to her left mediastinum. The excised three-cuspid aortic valve was edematous and densely fibrotic without commissural fusion. Histological examination strongly suggested that the aortic valve with diffuse fibrosis, destruction of elastic fibers and bizarre nucleus in fibroblasts had been induced by mediastinal radiation therapy. To our knowledge, symptomatic radiation-induced valvular dysfunction in the aortic position has been reported infrequently, with only eleven reported cases. In this case, symptomatic aortic regurgitation was diagnosed seven years after mediastinal radiation therapy. It is emphasized that long-term follow-up is important for patients receiving mediastinal radiation therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A new device: a fenestrated sheath for IABP, which reduces the incidence of ischemia in the lower limbs].

To decrease the incidence of ischemia in the lower limbs, we developed a new introducer sheath for IABP, which had 38 side holes (diameter; 1mm). Forty-five patients who received IABP counterpulsation support with this fenestrated sheath were compared with 108 patients in whom the ordinary nonfenestrated sheath was used. There was no significant statistical difference between these two study groups regarding age, height, weight and IABP insertion time. The frequency of ischemic episode of the lower limbs was 2.2% (one out of 45 patients) in the group with the fenestrated sheath, which was significantly lower than those with the ordinary sheath (18 out of 108: 16.7%) (p < 0.005). From these data, we deduced that this fenestrated sheath allowed more blood flow to the lower limb and was thus effective in preventing limb ischemia, particularly in patients with small caliber femoral arteries.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Surgical treatment of type A aortic dissection combined with aortic root lesions].

From January 1980 to December 1992, 36 patients with type A aortic dissection were operated on at the St. Marianna University Hospital. Hospital mortality and 10-year survival rate in 26 patients (Group I and II) undergoing replacement of the ascending aorta with or without hemi-arch resection (including one case of aortic wrapping for the closing dissection) were 19.2% and 88.0%, respectively. Among the patients having aortic root destructions due to acute aortic dissection or preexisting annuloaortic ectasia (Group III), 8 patients underwent aortic root reconstruction with a valved conduit and 2 patients supra-coronary aortic resection and graft replacement with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting with 20.0% of hospital mortality and 55.6% of 10-year cumulative survival rate. Modified Bentall operation using Carrel patch method seems to be preferable to avoid postoperative complications for the case with intimal tear extending to the aortic sinuses, ruptured outer layer of the aortic root or preexisting AAE. If the disrupted coronary artery is concerned, coronary artery bypass grafting is mandatory. In the case of replacement of the ascending aorta for the dissection extending to the aortic sinuses, complete obliteration of the proximal false lumen must be required to avoid uncontrollable bleeding and compromised coronary blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment and prognosis of spinal AVM].

Spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a relatively rare disease. We assessed the results of treatment of spinal AVM in 17 patients. Our classification was based on the radiographic appearance in selective spinal angiograms. There were 3 cases of single coiled type AVM, 3 of juvenile type, 5 of glomus type, and 6 of so-called dural AVM. All three patients with single coiled type AVM underwent microsurgical resection of the AVM. All three with the juvenile type underwent artificial embolization. Both patients with glomus type and dural AVM were treated by either embolization and/or surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography visualized the spinal AVM well, and were useful for diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Safe intraabdominal pressure of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery.

BACKGROUND: The deliberate induction of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery could be a possible source of cardiovascular collapse. The effects of elevated intraabdominal pressure (IAP) on systemic hemodynamics and splanchnic blood flow created by insufflation of carbon dioxide were examined in anesthetized dogs. METHODS: Stepwise increases in IAP of 8 (n = 7), 12 (n = 7), and 16 (n = 7) mm Hg were applied to determine the threshold pressure that had minimum influence on these hemodynamics. Hemodynamic parameters were measured at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 hours after the start of insufflation. RESULTS: At an IAP of 16 mm Hg, cardiac output was decreased significantly by 1 hour after the start of insufflation and became progressively lower during the procedure. Systemic vascular resistance was elevated significantly in parallel with the change in cardiac output. Although hepatic arterial blood flow was not decreased significantly, portal venous and superior mesenteric arterial blood flows were diminished significantly at 16 mm Hg, resulting in a decrease in total hepatic blood flow. No significant changes were observed in these parameters at 8 or 12 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, an IAP from 8 to 12 mm Hg is recommended for laparoscopic surgery, to avoid complications caused by hemodynamic derangements.

Abdomen↗