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Biomedical subjects

H Abe

Publications and source records attributed to H Abe.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Acute effects of alcohol ingestion on blood pressure and erythrocyte sodium concentration.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the acute effects of alcohol on blood pressure and erythrocyte cation concentrations in patients with essential hypertension. DESIGN: An alcoholic drink or an isocaloric control drink was given during supper in random order on different days, and blood pressure and erythrocyte cation concentrations were measured before and 2 h after the meal. METHODS: The subjects were 21 men with essential hypertension who habitually drank alcohol. Blood pressure was measured with a semi-automated sphygmomanometer, and erythrocyte cation concentrations were measured by flame photometry after haemolysis with distilled water. RESULTS: Blood pressure decreased after both drinks, but the decrease was significantly larger after the alcoholic drink than after the control drink. There was a significant difference between the changes in erythrocyte sodium caused by the alcoholic and the control drink. Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between the fall in blood pressures and the decrease in erythrocyte sodium concentration. CONCLUSION: The predominant acute effect of alcohol ingestion in patients with hypertension is blood pressure reduction, and it may be associated with a decrease in intracellular sodium.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Origin of CA125 and SCC antigen in human amniotic fluid.

Levels of CA125 and SCC antigen in amniotic fluids were examined in 26 cases. All samples showed high levels of CA125 and SCC antigen. Statistically significant decreases in CA125 (p < 0.05) and increases in SCC antigen (p < 0.01) from the second to the third trimesters were recognized. We focused on amnion cells as likely sources of the 2 tumor markers in amniotic fluid. Analysis of in vitro culture of amnion cells and amniotic membranes revealed an accumulation of CA125 and no accumulation of SCC antigen in the culture supernatant. A Northern blot analysis using a cDNA probe of SCC antigen ensured that there was no mRNA expression of SCC antigen in the amnion, the cord or the placenta. It is likely that the amnion is a major source of CA125 in amniotic fluid, and that the fetus is the origin of SCC antigen.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1993

Accommodative and pupillary responses to sinusoidal target depth movement.

We evaluated the accommodative and pupillary responses to sinusoidal target depth movement in 10 normal subjects and one patient by analysing frequency responses and associated Bode plots. The phase of the pupillary response significantly lagged behind that of accommodative response, which suggests that they are controlled by separate central nervous systems. We measured the baseline shift of each response trace using a regression line and found that they were larger at higher stimulation frequencies. A patient with severe asthenopia showed a considerable baseline shift in accommodative response. These analyses may be useful for the quantitative assessment of dynamic accommodation and pupillary response.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1993

Conjunctival biopsy in adult form galactosialidosis.

Conjunctival biopsy was performed in two siblings with adult-form galactosialidosis. Electron microscopically, several types of intracytoplasmic inclusion were observed in the fibroblasts in conjunctival stroma, lymphatic capillary endothelial cells, Schwann cells, and epithelial cells. Membrane-bound vesicles with fibrillogranular content were frequently observed, and occasional lamellar structures were noted in these inclusions. Dense granular inclusions and oil droplets were also seen. Dense granular inclusions have not been reported in this disease previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Velocity profile of human horizontal saccades.

To assess saccadic trajectories, we evaluated the velocity profile using the 'skewness ratio' (the proportion of acceleration time to total saccadic duration) as a parameter. Horizontal cross-center saccades against target movements of 10 degrees, 20 degrees and 30 degrees were measured in 6 normal subjects using the magnetic search coil method. As the amplitude increased the period of the deceleration phase became prolonged: 10 degrees saccades were almost symmetrical and 30 degrees saccades were skewed to a ratio of about 0.3. A close relationship between duration and skewness ratio was found, and the skewness ratios of temporal saccades were smaller than nasal ones. This skewness ratio would be a useful parameter for assessing the velocity profile of human saccades.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Intraocular pressure-dependent progression of visual field loss in advanced primary open-angle glaucoma: a 15-year follow-up.

We studied the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and progression of visual filed loss in 83 eyes of 83 patients with advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (loss of at least one quarter of the visual field on Goldmann perimetry). During the 15-year follow-up study, 71 eyes (86%) showed progression of visual field loss. The mean IOP was significantly lower in eyes that remained stable (13.4 +/- 1.3 mm Hg) than in those that showed progression of visual field loss (19.4 +/- 2.6 mm Hg). These results suggest that it is necessary to reduce IOP to below 15 mm Hg to prevent further progression of visual filed loss in advanced glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Temporal modulation transfer function of vision by pattern visual evoked potentials in patients with optic neuritis.

To reveal the impairment of the temporal modulation transfer function of vision in patients with optic neuritis, the pattern visual evoked potentials (P-VEPs) were recorded at reversal frequencies ranging from 4 to 24 per second, and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of VEPs were investigated. In normal subjects, curves of the square root of the power of the FFTs of P-VEPs versus temporal frequency showed the maximum peak at 6 Hz (12 reversals/s). The specific distribution of the power spectrum could be found at each temporal frequency, and the amplitudes of higher harmonic components decreased while a single power spectrum peak became prominent as the temporal frequency increased. In patients with optic neuritis, an abnormality of the power spectrum of steady-state P-VEPs could by detected by estimating the 1st and 2nd harmonic components. The abnormality of the power spectrum of transient P-VEPs could be detected by estimating the higher harmonic components of the power spectrum.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Contrast sensitivity for the stationary and drifting vertical stripe patterns in patients with optic nerve disorders.

Subjective contrast sensitivity for the stationary and horizontally drifting vertical stripe patterns was measured in normal subjects and in patients with glaucoma, optic neuritis and optic atrophy. Contrast sensitivity was also determined objectively using an eye movement reflex (optokinetic nystagmus) recorded by means of electro-oculography. The contrast sensitivity for the drifting stripe patterns in normal subjects was characterized by a depression of sensitivity at the high spatial frequency and an increased contrast sensitivity at the low spatial frequency in comparison with the results of stationary stripe patterns. The measurement of contrast sensitivity for the horizontally drifting vertical stripe patterns was found to be more sensitive for detection of minor damage to the optic nerve than that for the stationary patterns. The results of the subjective contrast sensitivity and the objective one determined using an eye movement reflex showed a good correlation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for human mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase.

Short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (SCEH) catalyzes the second step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation spiral. We isolated cDNA clones for human SCEH to facilitate investigation of the enzyme structure of the gene and to examine the genetic background of Reye's syndrome and sudden infant death. Oligo(dT)-primed and random primed human liver cDNA libraries in lambda gt11 were screened using the entire sequence of the rat SCEH cDNA as a probe. Three positive clones covered the full-length cDNA sequence with an open reading frame encoding a precursor polypeptide of 290 amino acid residues, and deduced relative molecular mass (31,280) with a putative N-terminal presequence of 29 residues, a 5'-untranslated sequence of 21 bp and a 3'-untranslated sequence of 391 bp. Comparison with the rat SCEH cDNA showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of the human SCEH precursor is 84% identical to that of the rat enzyme precursor. Northern blot analysis gave a single mRNA species of 1.6 kb in the human liver, fibroblast and muscle.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Regional cerebral blood flow measured with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine and its redistribution in ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The relation between the redistribution phenomenon and regional cerebral blood flow and its clinical significance were investigated in stroke patients. METHODS: Single-photon emission computed tomography studies using N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine were performed on 16 patients (26 to 77 years old) with chronic infarction and 10 age-matched normal control subjects. Regional cerebral blood flow was quantitatively measured by a microsphere model, and the redistribution on delayed images was analyzed in ischemic lesions. RESULTS: Supratentorial mean cerebral blood flow and the ratio of gray matter to white matter in normal subjects were 52.7 +/- 5.0 mL/100 g per minute and 2.34, respectively. Low-activity areas of ischemic lesions on early images were classified into two abnormal zones, an infarct area and a peri-infarct area. These regions were characterized by regional blood flow averaging 9 to 20 mL/100 g per minute and 22 to 41 mL/100 g per minute, respectively. Redistribution, which was minimally present in the infarct area, was markedly enhanced in the peri-infarct area. After bypass surgery, we observed a significant increase of blood flow (+22%) in the peri-infarct area. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that the redistribution phenomenon depends on the maintenance of a minimal blood flow that would sustain cellular function and that this phenomenon is useful to evaluate bypass surgery in patients with chronic infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Longitudinal changes in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cerebral infarction.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has revealed changes in lactate and N-acetyl-aspartate in acute cerebral infarction. However, the details of these drastic changes and subsequent chronic changes have not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to disclose longitudinal changes in spectra seen in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS: Six patients with completed cerebral infarction were examined longitudinally with localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: (1) In the acute stage (within 2 days after onset), two drastic changes were observed: N-acetyl-aspartate decreased rapidly and severely within 2 days after onset, and lactate increased immediately and reached a high level in the acute stage after onset. (2) In the chronic stage (more than 1 month after onset), two features were observed: lactate, which had increased in the acute stage, remained high for more than 1 month, and other signals such as those of N-acetyl-aspartate, choline, and phosphocreatine/creatine decreased dramatically. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that N-acetyl-aspartate and lactate as revealed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be useful indicators of the ischemic damage to the brain in clinical cases of cerebral infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis and silent cerebral infarction in patients with coronary heart disease.

In this study, the authors examined relations between coronary and carotid atherosclerosis and between coronary atherosclerosis and silent cerebral infarction. They ascertained the risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis and silent cerebral infarction complicating coronary heart disease (CHD) in 77 Japanese subjects. As coronary atherosclerosis progressed, the carotid ultrasonographic score and the brain computed tomographic score increased. Multivariate analyses showed that the significant and independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with CHD were age (p < 0.01) and apolipoprotein (apo) B (p < 0.05) and the factors for silent cerebral infarction were age (p < 0.05) and hypertension (p < 0.05). Their study confirms a positive relation between coronary atherosclerosis and carotid atherosclerosis and between coronary atherosclerosis and silent cerebral infarction in patients with CHD. Their data suggest that carotid atherosclerosis should be looked for in patients with CHD who are old and have a high value of apo B, and silent cerebral infarction should be looked for in those who are old and have hypertension, to prevent complicating symptomatic cerebral vascular disease (CVD). If severe carotid atherosclerosis or silent cerebral infarction are detected, antithrombotic medication should be given.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Intracerebral hemorrhage caused by a neoplastic aneurysm from small-cell lung carcinoma: case report.

A neoplastic cerebral aneurysm from lung cancer is an extremely rare occurrence despite its high metastatic potential to the brain. We report a neoplastic cerebral aneurysm from small-cell lung carcinoma that caused an intracerebral hematoma. A 63-year-old man underwent an urgent craniotomy for a massive intracerebral hematoma. After evacuation of the hematoma, an anomalous artery was found on the wall and a biopsy was done. The histological examination revealed that the artery was filled with neoplastic cells, and a part of the vessel wall was distended, forming an aneurysm. The histological feature of the tumor cells was consistent with small-cell lung carcinoma, which was disclosed in the left hilus.

Aneurysm, Ruptured↗
PubMed1993

Asymptomatic large hypothalamic hamartoma associated with polydactyly in an adult.

A hypothalamic hamartoma is a congenital tumor-like neural malformation. It is usually seen in children and is associated with neuroendocrinological symptoms, seizures, or psychological impairments. An asymptomatic hypothalamic hamartoma in an adult is extremely rare. This report describes an asymptomatic adult with a large hypothalamic hamartoma associated with polydactyly in his feet. Both polydactyly and hamartoma are rare lesions; therefore, this may not be a coincidental presentation. It is thought to have occurred in the embryonic period presumably between 37 and 40 gestational days.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Acetazolamide test in detecting reduced cerebral perfusion reserve and predicting long-term prognosis in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion.

In a series of 32 patients with internal carotid artery occlusion, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral vasoreactivity (rCVR) were measured by xenon-133 single photon emission computed tomography and the acetazolamide test. We evaluated its usefulness in detecting the reduced cerebral perfusion reserve and predicting long-term prognosis. All Type 1 patients (normal rCBF and rCVR) were medically treated and experienced no recurrent ischemic attack. Cerebral hemodynamics remained unchanged. Type 2, 3, and 4 patients underwent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery double anastomosis, if they consented to surgery. All Type 2 (normal rCBF and reduced rCVR) and Type 3 (reduced rCBF and rCVR) patients, who underwent surgery, showed no further ischemic attacks, as well as long-term normalization of rCVR, although long-term rCBF normalization was obtained in only three of seven Type 3 patients. Cerebral hemodynamics remained unchanged in Type 4 patients after surgery. In follow-up periods, major completed stroke occurred in all 3 Type 2 and Type 3 patients who were medically treated. These results suggest that the acetazolamide test is valuable in assessing the cerebral perfusion reserve and predicting long-term prognosis in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion, although further long-term or randomized studies are needed.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1993

Functional neurosurgical simulation with brain surface magnetic resonance images and magnetoencephalography.

We present a novel noninvasive technique for functional neurosurgical simulation combining three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain surface with somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) in a case of subcortical brain tumor. The preoperative analysis using this technique revealed that the central sulcus was located between the SEF source projected onto the brain surface and the tumor. At the time of surgery, the central sulcus was clearly identified by phase reversal of the cortical recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials. The actual cortical anatomy and the maximum somatosensory evoked potential location showed excellent agreement with the preoperative analysis of the brain surface magnetic resonance images and the SEF source. The subcortical tumor, which was barely identifiable without reliable functional cortical anatomy, was easily found in the motor area, just before the somatosensory evoked potential (and SEF) source. The potential clinical application of this technique is discussed.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1993

Spinal cord evoked potential monitoring after spinal cord stimulation during surgery of spinal cord tumors.

Spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEPs) after spinal cord stimulation were used as a method of spinal cord monitoring during surgery of 6 extramedullary and 14 intramedullary spinal cord tumors. SCEPs were recorded from an epidural electrode placed rostral to the level of the tumor. Electrical stimulation was applied on the dorsal spinal cord from a caudally placed epidural electrode. The wave forms of SCEPs consisted of a sharp negative peak (N1) in 15 cases and two negative peaks (N1 and N2) in 5 cases. The N2 wave was markedly attenuated by posterior midline myelotomy, whereas the N1 activity showed less-remarkable changes by myelotomy. An increase in N1 amplitude was observed after the removal of the tumor in four extramedullary and three intramedullary cases. Of six patients that showed decreased N1 amplitude after the removal of the tumor, five patients developed postoperative motor deficits. However, there were four false-negative cases and one false-positive case in regard to changes of N1 amplitude and postoperative motor deficits. Four false results occurred in intramedullary cases. In two of them, postoperative symptoms indicated intraoperative unilateral damage to the spinal cord. The position of the stimulating electrode, the difference in thresholds of the axons for electrical stimulation between the right and left side of the spinal cord, or the change of the distance between the electrode and the spinal cord surface may account for these false results. Thus, our analysis of the changes of SCEP wave forms and early postoperative symptoms indicates that the sensitivity of this monitoring method to detect intraoperative insults to the spinal cord is unsatisfactory in spite of the reproducible wave forms. We conclude that SCEP monitoring can be used as an alternative method or in combination with other types of evoked potentials in patients with severe spinal cord lesions who show abnormal somatosensory evoked potentials preoperatively.

Adult↗