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Biomedical subjects

H A Sande

Publications and source records attributed to H A Sande.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract anomalies. The value of two ultrasound examinations.

OBJECTIVE: To determine when fetal urinary tract anomalies were detected by ultrasound screening during pregnancy and to discuss the possible consequences if only one early ultrasound examination is performed. DESIGN: A retrospective study of 47 cases where fetal urinary tract malformations were diagnosed in a two-stage screening program (17th and 32nd week of gestation) covering 22,310 women over ten years, 1982-91. SETTING: Ullevål University Hospital in Oslo which serves as a referral center for obstetric and neonatal diseases. RESULTS: Urinary tract anomalies were diagnosed in 0.18% of the pregnancies. Of these, 61.7% were found at the second routine ultrasound screening. The most difficult differential diagnoses were those of hydronephrosis without megaureter and a multicystic kidney. Hydronephrosis was found in 51% and a multicystic kidney in 21% of the cases. The tentative prenatal diagnoses were confirmed postnatally in 83% of the cases. Six of the fetuses had anomalies regarded as incompatible with postnatal life. These pregnancies were terminated, and the diagnoses verified by autopsy. Two other infants died perinatally, one of them as a result of the urinary tract anomalies. CONCLUSION: If only one ultrasound scanning had been performed in the 17th week, approximately two-thirds of the cases would not have been detected. Early intervention and follow-up after delivery would only have been performed if the infants had developed symptoms or complications related to the urinary tract anomalies.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1991

[Ultrasonic examinations of pregnant women--ethical reflections].

Foetal diagnostics has changed prenatal checkups beyond the point of no return. The practice of offering ultrasound screening involves great responsibility. Routine ultrasound screening requires a high level of competency. Four main ethical issues are discussed; life or death, malformations, the foetus as patient, and the feotus as donor. Other issues discussed are verifying the diagnosis of death, how to inform the parents, procedures in connection with pathological findings, procedures in connection with stillbirth, and the legal rights of the foetus, as well as three recommendations focussing on the above-mentioned issues. A forthcoming bill to the Storting is expected to draw public attention to these issues.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1990

Changes in the use of intoxicants after onset of pregnancy.

A sample of 416 pregnant women were interviewed with emphasis on their use of alcohol, tobacco, and legally prescribed and illegal drugs before and after onset of pregnancy. The results indicate a significant reduction in alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and the use of legally prescribed and illegal drugs in connection with the pregnancy. There was no correlation between socio-economic level and use of intoxicants. There was a correlation, however, between the use of intoxicants by the pregnant women and the use of such substances by other significant persons in their environment.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1990

The excretion of zopiclone into breast milk.

1. The excretion of zopiclone into breast milk was studied in 12 lactating women in the early postpartum period following the oral administration of a single zopiclone tablet (7.5 mg). 2. The milk/plasma AUC ratio of zopiclone was 0.51 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- s.d.). Individual mean milk/plasma concentration ratios of zopiclone showed significant interindividual variation (range 0.41-0.70). 3. A comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters in the postpartum women with those reported previously in non-pregnant women, showed significantly higher Cmax values in the lactating mothers; tmax occurred later in milk than in maternal plasma. 4. Assuming a daily milk intake of 0.15 l kg-1 and 100% absorption the average infant dose of zopiclone in milk would be 1.4% of the weight adjusted dose ingested by the mother.

Azabicyclo Compounds↗
PubMed1988

Ampicillin in breast milk during puerperal infections.

Low concentrations of ampicillin were found in colostrum/breast milk from 6 mothers treated with pivampicillin 1.05 to 2.1 g daily during the first to eighth day postpartum in the maternity ward. It was calculated that the breast-fed infant could theoretically receive 0.05-0.37% of the dose/kg given to the mother. It is concluded that direct exposure of the breast-fed infant suckling from a mother under treatment with ampicillin or pivampicillin seems to be minimal.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1986

Ripening of the cervix with prostaglandin E2-gel. A randomized study with a new ready-to-use compound of triacetin-prostaglandin-E2-gel.

A randomized study with a group of patients treated with a new ready-to-use triacetin-prostaglandin E2-gel compared to a non-treated group was conducted. The gel-treated group showed a distinct difference in cervical score after 12 h and ten patients were delivered during this period without further induction attempt compared to none in the control group. There was a significantly lower need for oxytocin stimulation in the treated group (P less than 0.0005), but there was no difference in the cesarean section rate or instrumental delivery rate. No side-effects were seen. This new gel seems effective and safe.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A prospective randomized study of induction of labor.

In a prospective randomized study spontaneous and oxytocin induced labor have been compared with respect to duration of labor and the condition of the fetus and the newborn infant. The study consists of 166 normal patients at full term. No significant differences between the two groups were found, and the results of the study showed that induction of labor between the 40th and 41st week of pregnancy was safe for the fetus. It is concluded that there seems to be no increased risks to mother or fetus from induction of labor compared to normal labor provided that there is cephalic presentation and a normal pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Plasma lactoferrin measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Measurements on adult and infant plasma.

The lactoferrin content of human plasma has been measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In cord blood the level was 0.02-0.3 mg/l, corresponding to 3-44 X 10-(10) mol/l lactoferrin; in plasma 5 d post partum the level had not changed. In adults the level was 0.02-0.2 in 29 out of 30 plasma samples and above 1 mg/l in 1 sample. Similar results were obtained with EDTA, citrate or heparin as anti-coagulant.

Adult↗