Physiologic consequences of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Williams.
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Renal biopsies of seven patients with membranous glomerulonephritis were examined by light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy. All had characteristic changes of glomerular basement membranes, typically with bright granular membranous fluorescence of IgG and variable deposits of complement. Cellularity was normal or slightly increased due largely to mesangial cell proliferation. These cells assumed a variety of appearances referred to as resting, hyperactive, and dark. Resting forms occurred in cases with normal cellularity and limited complement deposition. Hyperactive cells showed ultrastructural evidence of increased secretory and digestive activity and were associated with proliferation and more pronounced complement deposition. Dark cells, interpreted as undergoing shrinkage and degeneration, were found in small numbers in all biopsies.
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Human and animal solid tumors elaborate a factor which is mitogenic to capillary endothelial cells. This factor has been called tumor-angiogenesis factor. The important components of TAF are RNA and protein. It is suggested that blockade of this factor (inhibition of angiogenesis) might arrest solid tumors at a tiny diameter of a few millimeters.
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Although it has been assumed that the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid is not rehydroxylated by the human liver, little direct evidence is available to support this assumption. To investigate the metabolism of deoxycholic acid in man, deoxycholic acid-(14)C was given intravenously to two patients with complete external bile fistulas. After hydrolysis of the bile salts and chromatographic separation of bile acids, more than 94% of the radioactivity was found in deoxycholic acid and the remainder was scattered in several small unidentified peaks, none of which was cholic acid. Approximately 85% of deoxycholate was excreted as glycine conjugates and 13% as taurine conjugates in this experiment. No detectable sulfate esters were found. These results indicate that the metabolism of deoxycholic acid in man involves only the reconjugation with glycine and taurine without rehydroxylation to cholic acid or sulfation.
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