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Biomedical subjects

G Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to G Thompson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Hearing assessment of at-risk infants. Current status of audiometry in young infants.

This study reports hearing status of a consecutive series of infants who had required neonatal intensive care. A relatively high percentage of infants demonstrated hearing impairment. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the pediatrician who often serves a "case manager" role for families. An underlying assumption is that pediatricians are better equipped to advise parents and make referral decisions if they have an awareness of the current audiologic assessment strategies for infants and young children. The strengths and limitations of the currently employed methodologies are defined and discussed.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1980

Influence of ethanol on pancreatic lipid metabolism.

The influence of acute exposure to ethanol on rat pancreatic lipogenesis has been investigated. Marked alterations of in vitro pancreatic lipid metabolism were found with changes compatible with increased de novo triglyceride synthesis. Ethanol in vitro stimulated (U--14C) glucose incorporation into triglyceride, but inhibited incorporation into phosphatidyl choline. Prior exposure to ethanol did not further enhance these effects on labeled glucose incorporation. One hour after feeding ethanol at a dose of 378 mg/100 g body weight, (1--14C) acetate incorporation in vitro into pancreatic lipid was significantly increased. This increase was not uniform, but was confined to the free fatty acid, triglyceride, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidyl choline fractions. Similar observations were made when pancreatic tissue from saline-fed control animals was incubated in the presence of ethanol at a concentration of 3.4 mM. Prior exposure to ethanol enhanced this stimulatory effect, and tissue from the alcohol-fed animals incubated in the presence of ethanol incorporated more acetate label into all lipid fractions than tissue from alcohol-fed animals incubated without ethanol and from saline-fed animals incubated in the presence of ethanol.

Acetates↗
PubMed1979

Application of visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) to low-functioning children.

Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) was studied on a group of low-functioning children in an ongoing clinical program. After establishing the specific reinforcing value of the visual stimulus, threshold assessments were made. VRA was an effective test procedure for most of the children tested, providing their developmental ages reached approximately the 10-month level or higher. On the basis of VRA thresholds and tympanometry, 52% of the children seen were referred for medical evaluation. A variation of VRA was used to assess syllable-discrimination performance on a pilot basis. Results are discussed in terms of the potential use of VRA to assess infant spedch-sound discrimination in addition to its current use as an indicator of hearing sensitivity.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1979

Serum cortisol abnormalities after craniocerebral trauma.

Serial estimations of serum cortisol were performed in 49 patients with craniocerebral trauma. Abnormalities of serum cortisol, including alterations in diurnal rhythm and elevations of serum cortisol level, occurred in 21 patients. The frequency and severity of the abnormalities correlated with the severity of the head injury, and there was a trend suggesting that middle fossa basal skull fractures predisposed to cortisol abnormalities. A further 6 patients were studied to assess the effects of exogenous dexamethasone, and in all patients there was suppression of elevated serum cortisol levels by the dexamethasone. The findings suggest that hypercortisolemia after head injury is related to an alteration rather than an abolition of the normal feedback mechanism. (Neurosurgery, 5: 559--565, 1979).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Detoxification of 1,024 alcoholic patients without psychoactive drugs.

Most community-referred, ambulatory chronic alcoholics can be detoxified quickly and safety without the use of psychoactive drugs, according to our data. We believe such detoxification can be done most efficiently in a social setting, with the aid of a staff who will provide reassurance and reality orientation and who will monitor the patients' vital signs, general condition, and any specific problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) with young Down's syndrome children.

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) was investigated with 41 Down's syndrome subjects between the ages of six months and six years. The VRA procedure involved monitoring a head-turn response to a complex noise signal presented in a sound field with an ascending presentation paradigm and reinforced by a complex visual reinforcer. Twenty-four of the infants and young children also were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) to allow for analysis of the efficacy of VRA as a function of developmental age. Results were as follows: (1) 28 (68%) of the infants and young children initially oriented towards the source of the auditory stimulus, (2) only a few of the subjects who did not initially orient could be taught to respond, (3) of the children who initially oriented or were taught to respond, thresholds were obtained on a large number (81%) in one visit, and (4) a systematic relationship was demonstrated between consistency of subject response using the VRA technique and BSID Mental Age Equivalent with 10 months being the critical age for determining the potential success of the procedure. In addition, the results implied a higher incidence of hearing loss in the Down's syndrome subjects than found in normal pediatric population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Stable nonaqueous pentobarbital sodium solutions for use in laboratory animals.

The degradation kinetics of pentobarbital sodium in propylene glycol-based solutions were studied along with the in vivo effects in laboratory animals. The degradation rate constant was directly proportional to the water concentration in propylene glycol-water solvent systems. An activation energy of 23.4 kcal/mole was obtained in propylene glycol-water (1:1). Pentobarbital sodium solutions in anhydrous propylene glycol and 9:1 mixtures of propylene glycol with ethanol, glycerin, or dimethylacetamide gave relatively slow degradation rates at 100 degrees with all projected 25 degrees t 99% values greater than 4.5 years. Intravenous administration of pentobarbital sodium in various anhydrous propylene glycol-based vehicles to rats produced no hemolysis of gross organ damage that would interfere with pathological evaluations. Results of an intraperitoneal sleeptime study indicated that pentobarbital sodium produced consistent hypnotic effect when administered as an aqueous solution or in anhydrous propylene glycol-based vehicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Visual reinforcement of head-turn responses in infants under 12 months of age.

The effect of complex visual reinforcement (animated toy animal) on auditory localization responses of infants below 12 months of age was studied. Sixty infants served as subjects and each subject received 30 presentations of complex noise at suprathreshold level. After each response to an auditory signal, one-half of the infants (experimental group) received complex visual reinforcement and the other half (control group) received no reinforcement. The experimental and control groups were further subdivided into three age groups: four months, five and six months, and seven to 11 months. Visual reinforcement produced significantly more responses (head turn) than no reinforcement for the two older age groups. There was no significant difference between the experimental and control conditions at four months of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Androgenic control of the harderian gland in the male golden hamster.

In the golden hamster, there are marked sex differences in the Harderian gland. Male glands (which are heavier than female glands) possess two cell forms (Type I and Type II cells); female glands only exhibit the former. Female (but not male) glands contain large amounts of porphyrin, which are readily visible as solid depositions within the lumina. The weight, histology and porphyrin content of the Harderian gland was examined in intact adult male hamsters and in male hamsters castrated for 1,2 or 8 months. Castration resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of the gland, the disappearance of Type II cells, and the presence in the gland of solid porphyrin accretions. The levels of copro- and (especially) protoporphyrin were greatly increased. These changes were more marked with time after castration. When the ability of diverse androgens (testosterone, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione), dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone) to prevent these changes was tested, testosterone and androstenedione maintained glandular weight. All the androgens maintained normal frequencies of Type II cells and all except dehydroepiandrosterone prevented deposition of porphyrin. The potencies of the various androgens in maintaining normal Harderian gland morphology and activity are compared with their effects on other somatic variables and sexual behaviour.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1977

Allergic contact dermatitis from sunscreen preparations complicating photodermatitis.

Two men with known histories of photosensitivity had apparent exacerbations of their dermatoses. Patch-testing showed the presence of allergic contact sensitivity to the sunscreens that they were using. The clinical distribution patterns of adverse reactions to sunscreens naturally simulate sun-induced reactions, thus providing clinical problems that require evaluation by both patch and photo-patch tests. These findings emphasize that allergic contact or photo-contact dermatitis from sunscreens that are used for prophylaxis of photodermatitis can actually complicate or aggravate the preexisting state of photodermatitis for which the sunscreens are prescribed.

Aminobenzoates↗
PubMed1976

Diagnostic value of serum lipoprotein X in jaundice.

The presence of lipoprotein X (LPX) was assessed in the serum of 61 jaundiced patients and of 41 patients without liver disease. The results are compatible with the reports of other authors that the presence of LPX is a more sensitive indicator of cholestasis than the serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) level. However, the latter was more useful in excluding the presence of extrahepatic obstruction.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗