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Biomedical subjects

G Stanley

Publications and source records attributed to G Stanley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Age effects on interrelationships between lung volume and heart rate during standing.

To determine the effects of aging and posture on the relationship between respiration and heart rate (HR), we collected 5 min of lung volume and R-R interval data from 7 young (27 +/- 3 yr, mean +/- SD) and 10 old (69 +/- 6 yr) healthy humans during spontaneous breathing while they were supine (SU) and standing (ST). Lung volume and HR power spectra and transfer functions between lung volume and HR were estimated. Age and position effects and age-position interactions were determined by analysis of variance for repeated measures. Older subjects had a lower and more variable respiration rate (P < 0.03, P < 0.04), but both age groups exhibited decreased rate of respiration and increased tidal volume with ST (P < 0.05, P < 0.005). ST decreased lung volume-to-HR transfer function magnitude in both groups (P < 0.07). The more marked age-related differences were in phase angle. Both SU and ST phase angles were greater in older subjects (P < 0.003). ST decreased phase angle in young but increased phase angle in older subjects (P < 0.001). In conclusion, respiration, and respiration-HR interrelationships are altered by aging, with increased time delays between lung volume and HR and altered relationships with ST.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Dose requirements, efficacy and side effects of morphine and pethidine delivered by patient-controlled analgesia after gynaecological surgery.

We have compared the dose requirements and side effects of morphine with those of pethidine when administered by patient-controlled analgesia in 40 patients (ASA I-II, 20-65 yr) after elective total abdominal hysterectomy. Patients were allocated randomly, in a double-blind manner, to receive either morphine (bolus dose 2 mg, lockout time 10 min) or pethidine (bolus dose 20 mg, lockout time 10 min) for postoperative pain relief. Mean 24-h morphine and pethidine consumption was 70 (SEM 6.2) mg and 660 (67.8) mg, respectively (ratio 1:9.4). There were no significant differences in postoperative sedation, nausea, pain relief and patient satisfaction (VAS 0-100 mm), and requirements for antiemetics. Four patients receiving pethidine were withdrawn because of postoperative confusion and one receiving morphine because of intractable nausea and vomiting. The 95% confidence interval for this difference between the groups for VAS scores of sedation, nausea and pain were approximately 30 mm.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Age and autonomic effects on interrelationships between lung volume and heart rate.

To determine effects of aging and autonomic input on interrelationships between respiratory and heart rate variability, we collected 5 min of lung volume of R-R interval data from 7 young [27 +/- 3(SD) yr] and 10 older (69 +/- 6 yr) healthy supine humans before and after double pharmacological autonomic blockade with propranolol (0.2 mg/kg iv) and atropine (0.04 mg/kg iv). Estimates of respiratory and heart rate power spectra and linear transfer functions between the two groups were generated by Fourier analysis. Age, double blockade effects, the age-drug interactions were determined by analysis of variance for repeated measures. Basal R-R intervals were unaffected by age. Double blockade decreased R-R intervals and variability in both age groups (P < 0.0001), but R-R intervals decreased less in older than in young subjects (P < 0.0001). In contrast, basal respiratory intervals and standard deviation were greater in older subjects (P = 0.05) and were unaffected by double blockade in young and older subjects. Lung volume-to-heart rate spectral coherence was highest at frequencies associated with respiration and greater in young than in older subjects (P < 0.07). Double blockade decreased lung volume-to-heart rate variability transfer function magnitude (P < 0.007) and increased phase angle (P < 0.02) without age effects or age-drug interactions. In conclusion, heart rate, respiration, and respiration-heart rate interrelations are altered by aging, and double autonomic pharmacological blockade does not eliminate all age-related differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cervical cancer in Kerala: a hospital registry-based study on survival and prognostic factors.

The survival experience of 452 cervical cancer patients registered during 1984 by the hospital registry of the Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, is described in this paper. Eighty per cent of the patients completed the prescribed treatment, which was predominantly radiotherapy. The vital status of each patient was established by scrutiny of case records and by reply-paid postal enquiries. The observed survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic factors were assessed using Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis. The overall 5 year observed survival rate was 47.4% (95% CI, 41.6-52.9%). Socioeconomic status, performance status and the clinical stage of disease emerged as independent predictors of survival. Low survival was associated with advanced stages of disease, low socioeconomic status and poor performance status. The problems in studying survival from cancer in developing countries and the strategies used to improve follow-up rates in India are discussed. It is stressed that trends in survival rates may be used to evaluate cancer control programmes in developing countries in the absence of reliable mortality statistics and, even when mortality data are available, survival rates are valuable comparative statistics. Earlier detection by improving the awareness of the population and the physicians will improve survival rates, but a more effective and prudent approach would be to prevent invasive cervical cancer, and thereby reduce mortality, by implementing feasible and effective screening programmes in India.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Intershift goes visual.

The staff of Unit 71, Rockeyview Hospital, Calgary, have developed a visual intershift reporting system that has proven to be so satisfactory many hospital units have adopted it. Historically, intershift report had been accomplished by the outgoing shift taping their report and the incoming shift listening to the total report.

Communication↗
PubMed1990

Implementation of a multimodality program.

Economic changes in the health care system have presented a unique opportunity for radiographers and other imaging personnel. Hospital administrators are becoming aware of the advantages of employing multiskilled technologists. The single-skilled technologist must recognize the benefits of additional education and overcome the negative perceptions of the profession. A well-conceived educational program developed and managed by a continuing education department will provide not only the required didactic and clinical courses to ensure competency, but also recognized credentialing for each modality.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1987

Saving for success.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1986

Stress and arousal during pregnancy and childbirth.

Sixty primigravidae were assessed on the short form of the Stress-Arousal Adjective Check List (SACL) at the commencement of the third trimester of pregnancy. Fifty-four of these were also administered the SACL in the labour ward and at three days after birth. On the first assessment the mean levels for the group of mothers were above normative levels of stress but not normative levels of arousal. In labour there was a significant increase in stress accompanied by a significant decrease in arousal. On the third day stress and arousal means were at approximately normative levels. Of those women stressed antenatally, four-fifths were also stressed in labour and half were stressed postnatally. Correlates of stress and arousal are examined and the utility of the measures discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Psychological adjustment to coronary artery surgery.

In a study of psychological adjustment to coronary artery bypass surgery 23 patients who underwent surgery were seen pre-operatively, prior to discharge and one year after surgery. A comparison sample of 19 patients not tested pre-surgically was contacted by postal questionnaire one year post-operatively. An hierarchical grouping analysis carried out on seven outcome variables yielded a two-group solution for the study sample and this was replicated in the comparison sample. Group 1 indicated change for the better and Group 2 change for the worse since surgery. Discriminant function analysis of 23 pre-operative and operative variables for the first sample indicated ability to cope with stressful events and neuroticism were significant predictors of outcome. Patients in the comparison sample did not differ from the study sample in outcome measures, indicating no effect of assessment prior to operation for the study sample.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of chlorophenols in cardboard food containers and related materials.

A technique has been developed for the extraction of a clean concentrate of chlorophenols from cardboard food containers and adhesives of the type used in their manufacture. A simple, reversed-phase, isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system employing an optimised mobile phase permitted the separation of nineteen different phenols. The use of a carefully selected internal standard permitted the estimation of (sub) parts per million levels of pentachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in several samples of adhesives and various sections of cardboard food containers. Pentachlorophenol (50 ng) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (20 ng) gave significant HPLC peaks, readily permitting their detection in parts per billion from 100-g samples.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1983

Eye-movements and sequential tracking in dyslexic and control children.

The efficiency of eye-movements while tracking sequential lights was compared for 15 dyslexic children and 15 controls, matched on age and non-verbal intelligence. Contrary to Pavlidis (1981), no significant differences were found between the two groups on two measures of efficiency. A hierarchical cluster analysis did not demonstrate unique patterns of errors for dyslexics, with the exception of a single female dyslexic.

Attention↗
PubMed1981

Individual differences in life-style response to coronary artery bypass surgery.

Fifty-three patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery 12 to 27 months previously were given four standard personality questionnaires and asked to write about the main effects the operation had on their life-styles. These responses were then content analysed. Although hierarchical grouping analysis indicated that the responses could best be classified into four groups, only three distinct response profiles emerged. The first group described mainly adverse consequences of surgery; the other three groups described the effects of surgery as beneficial. Personality test data suggested that individual personality and coping style considerably influence a patient's perception of surgical outcome, and that this perception is largely independent of cardiac symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗