Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Sommer.
In a 10-year period, barium enema showed that 25 patients with symptomatic hernias harbored an intraabdominal mass. Of these masses, 92% were malignant and 88% were situated in the pelvis.
Two experimental systems have been used for digitization of waveforms backscattered from normal and pathologic abdominal tissues in vivo. Initial studies were performed with a digitization system which allowed only A-mode display of areas of interest before and during waveform recording. A new interactive system allows for digitization of waveforms from areas of interest in abdominal organs, selected with the aid of real-time B-mode images of a mechanical sector scanner. Statistical parameters of these waveforms, derived in the amplitude and frequency domains, show potential utility for diagnosis of diffuse diseases of the liver and spleen.
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Experiences and results of double-contrast enemas are reported. The accuracy of double-contrast enemas is proved by 500 consecutive investigations. Correlation of endoscopic and roentgenologic investigations showed, that the double-contrast enema is a reliable method concerning the detection of polyps, carcinomas and inflammatory colon diseases. Advantages and disadvantages of roentgenology and endoscopy of the colon are discussed.
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Among 279 consecutive patients (average age 53.8 years) with acute venous thrombosis, "complete" or "nearly complete" search for neoplasm was undertaken in 93 (average 60.6 years), "not complete" search in 186 (average 50.1 years). Subsequently the patients were followed regularly for possible malignant tumour (average follow-up period 36.9 months). In the group as a whole the following causes of thrombosis were identified: contraceptives 9.3%; post-operative 9%; malignant tumour diagnosed immediately or within 12 months 5.8%; traumatic 5%; immobilization 3.2%; post-partum 2.9%; diverse other causes 8.2%; unknown 59.5%. Neoplasm was found in 12.9% of 93 somewhat older "completely" examined patients. Taking into account age, 7.8% of all patients over 50 years developed thrombosis in association with neoplasm. In 6 of 16 patients with malignant tumour the venous thrombosis followed a particular course. Extensive thromboses in several bouts predominated. In 48.4% there were three-bout thromboses, in a further 27.4% four-bout thromboses involving also the pelvic vein. Isolated lower-leg venous thrombosis occurred in 9.2%, while the remaining one or multiple-bout thromboses occurred only in a few. Massive pelvic and leg vein thrombosis occurred in 43% of patients with malignant neoplasm, much more frequently than in those without neoplasm.
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Intraocular pressure was measured in 49 persons of either sex while carrying out Valsalva's maneuver in erect and recumbent position. 16 of the tested persons had myopia up to -8.0 D. The average intraocular pressure in recumbent position was 2 mm Hg higher when compared to the erect position. During Valsalva's maneuver the intraocular pressure was elevated in erect as well as in recumbent position. Three characteristic patterns of variation of intraocular pressure were seen after cessation of Valsalva's maneuver. The intraocular pressure in myopic persons was slightly higher than in those with emmetropia.
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Acute and chronic hypophosphatemia are known to cause metabolic myopathy. It has been proposed that impaired Ca transport in subcellular membranes is involved in its genesis. In the present study, calcium transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), concentrations of ions or nucleotides and transmembrane potential were investigated in muscles of acutely hypophosphatemic rats, i.e. animals with chronic dietary phosphorous deprivation (PD) and superimposed acute hypophosphatemia resulting from the administration of insulin and glucose. Despite hypophosphatemia and low muscle phosphorous concentration, no significant change of the initial rate of Ca uptake or Ca concentrating ability was observed in the SR of PD rats. Storing capacity was decreased; this may result from altered vesicle geometry. Water content, Na concentration, the concentration of several nucleotides and transmembrane potential of muscle were unchanged in PD rats. The findings document that no intrinsic abnormality of vectorial Ca transport is present in the SR of acutely hypophosphatemic PD animals.
Ultrasound examination of small cysts in vivo and in vitro has demonstrated that several factors can interfere with recognition of their true anechoic nature. Reverberation and the effects of the beam width can interact with adjacent acoustic reflectors to produce artifactual echoes. Sonic enhancement in distal tissues varies with time gain compensation, frequency, and the position of the focal zone. If the operator is aware of this problem, he can compensate for these effects and thereby improve diagnostic accuracy.
After a brief description of the ophthalmological findings in the autosomal trisomies, a case of the extremely rare trisomy 22 is reported. Ophthalmological abnormalities seen were hypertelorism, epicanthus, antimongoloid slant, microphthalmus, microcornea, persistent pupillary membrane, lens opacities and chorioretinal colobomata.
Report on local application of Cystin eye drops in a case of scleromalacia perforans. This medication brought the necrotizing disease process to a standstill. There was even discrete neoformation of scleral tissue, which we attribute to the collagenase inhibiting action of this drug.
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Problems and difficulties in Keratoprosthetics operations are described and methods of overcoming them discussed.
A capillary and venous phase blush in the region of the distal branches of the internal pudendal artery that simulates bleeding can sometimes be seen on arteriograms of male patients who are not bleeding. We describe five such cases. Correct identification of this pooling of contrast material is important to avoid unnecessary treatment by transcatheter embolization or by infusion of vasoactive drugs.
In a half-way house a behaviorally oriented rehabilitation training with chronic schicophrenics, hospitalized more than 12 years averagely, was conducted and evaluated. With interviews it was systematically investigated with what kind of difficult situations a patient is confronted at discharge and which behavioral competencies are therefore especially needed. Behavior therapy with the main components of instruction, behavior rehearsal and social reinforcement changed the behavior of the patients significantly. A general plan for diagnosis and training of competencies is developed that can be applied to structure the training of the staff in educational-therapeutic behavior as well as the training of the patients themselves.