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Biomedical subjects

G Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to G Shaw.

275 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Radionuclide transport above a near-surface water table: IV. Soil migration and crop uptake of chlorine-36 and technetium-99, 1990 to 1993.

Vertical distributions of (36)Cl and (99)Tc are presented from deep and shallow lysimeters above artificially controlled water tables for a 4-yr experiment from 1990 to 1993. Activity concentration profiles were all measured in late summer when a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pastiche) crop was harvested. After harvest, activity concentrations in different organs of the crop were determined and crop uptake quantified as both an inventory ratio (IR) and a transfer factor (TF(w)), weighted to account for differential root and radionuclide distributions within the soil profile. Vertical distributions of radionuclides, crop roots within the soil, and IR and TF(w) values were each subjected to analysis of variance to estimate the individual and combined effects of soil depth and the year of the experiment on the results obtained. Chlorine-36 and (99)Tc exhibited highly significant variations in activity concentrations with soil depth and from year to year, indicating considerable physical mobility of both radionuclides. Soil-to-plant transfer was also high for both radionuclides compared with data obtained for gamma-emitting radionuclides. The IR values indicated that up to 40% of (36)Cl was incorporated in the crop's tissues at harvest, compared with a maximum of less than 1% for the less mobile gamma-emitting radionuclides. On the basis of the TF(w) values determined, (36)Cl uptake by winter wheat exceeded (99)Tc uptake, indicating that (36)Cl is highly bioavailable. Factors controlling the migration and bioavailability of both (36)Cl and (99)Tc in soils are discussed.

Biological Availability↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strategic stories: how 3M is rewriting business planning.

Virtually all business plans are written as a list of bullet points. Despite the skill or knowledge of their authors, these plans usually aren't anything more than lists of "good things to do." For example: Increase sales by 10%. Reduce distribution costs by 5%. Develop a synergistic vision for traditional products. Rarely do these lists reflect deep thought or inspire commitment. Worse, they don't specify critical relationships between the points, and they can't demonstrate how the goals will be achieved. 3M executive Gordon Shaw began looking for a more coherent and compelling way to present business plans. He found it in the form of strategic stories. Telling stories was already a habit of mind at 3M. Stories about the advent of Post-it Notes and the invention of masking tape help define 3M's identity. They're part of the way people at 3M explain themselves to their customers and to one another. Shaw and his coauthors examine how business plans can be transformed into strategic narratives. By painting a picture of the market, the competition, and the strategy needed to beat the competition, these narratives can fill in the spaces around the bullet points for those who will approve and those who will implement the strategy. When people can locate themselves in the story, their sense of commitment and involvement is enhanced. By conveying a powerful impression of the process of winning, narrative plans can mobilize an entire organization.

Commerce↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wheelchair rider risk in motor vehicles: a technical note.

A better understanding of the risk involved in riding different sizes and types of motor vehicles is required to make informed decisions regarding a reasonable level of protection for wheelchair riders. Wheelchair rider accident information that can be used to estimate risk is quite limited. This paper reviewed the resources available, including the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. Motor vehicle accident data for the general public were analyzed in order to better characterize wheelchair rider risk. Using the National Safety Council annual transportation mode fatality rates and the (inverse) relationship of vehicle mass and occupant fatality rate, fatality rates for vehicles that transport wheelchair riders (minivans, vans, paratransit vans, and small and large buses) were estimated. Despite the large margins of error that must be assumed for accident data and the conclusions drawn from it, the available information suggests that 1) the majority of wheelchair rider injuries could be prevented by providing protection for abrupt vehicle maneuvers; 2) the type, size, and mass of the vehicle have a substantial effect on the fatality rate, although this effect decreases for heavier (<3,000 kg) vehicles; and 3) wheelchair riders who cannot properly use tiedown and occupant restraint systems or who are frail would face a lower risk of injury if transported in larger vehicles.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, finasteride, on the developing prostate and testis of a marsupial.

This study examines the role of dihydrotestosterone in virilization of the developing male tammar. The onset of prostate differentiation in this marsupial species normally occurs around 25 days postpartum, long after the onset of testicular testosterone production immediately after birth and the appearance of 5 alpha-reductase in the urogenital sinus before day 10. Males treated with the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor Finasteride had reduced prostatic growth and development, and their testicular structure was disorganized. Exogenous testosterone in males enhanced the development of prostatic buds but also caused damage to the testis structure. Treatment of female tammars with testosterone between days 20-30 postpartum stimulated prostatic tissue formation and Wolffian duct development, confirming that prostatic differentiation is initiated by androgens and occurs over a relatively narrow window of time. Testosterone had a deleterious effect on the ovary, destroying the germ cells. Although treatment with testosterone damaged gonadal cellular structure in both male and female tammar young, dihydrotestosterone is apparently necessary for stability of the seminiferous tubules in the testis. Taken together, these results suggest that dihydrotostesterone initiates prostatic development between days 20 and 25 after birth in this marsupial.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors↗