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Biomedical subjects

G Serra

Publications and source records attributed to G Serra.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of economic evaluation for the implementation of vaccination strategies].

The analysis described below tries to underline the major economic aspects of vaccination strategies both in childhood (polio, diphtheria, tetanus, H influenzae, measles, rubella, mumps, et) and in the elderly (limited to influenza control). As a result we could demonstrate that, in spite of the formal recognition of the paramount importance of prevention in general, and of vaccinal prevention in particular; vaccinations are at present very poorly considered by policymakers and politicians. This in contrast with the fact that the studies so far examined show that vaccinations are among the most productive interventions (lowest cost per year of life-year spared, very good cost-benefit ratio, thanks to the cases of diseases avoided). Such a convenience is highest when, in front of a given disease, the vaccinal strategy has been duly selected. Therefore, it is suggested that additional resources should be provided in the future to complete the framework and to increase the coverage of vaccinations, including the new offers against Varicella, N meningitidis and Str pneumoniae: and, in the future, against Rotavirus and HPV.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vascular mechanisms in the developmental programming of cardio-vascular disease.

Several studies suggest that adverse events during foetal life can program cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Barker et al. identified a relationship between low birth weight and an increased risk of arterial hypertension, carotid arteriosclerosis, and mortality by coronary heart disease or stroke in adulthood. These findings led to the "foetal origins" hypothesis, which is that cardiovascular disease originates in the adaptations to an adverse intrauterine environment. Such adaptations may permanently alter the cardiovascular structure and physiology through the process of programming. Several factors, such as impaired foetal growth, premature birth or postnatal growth of low birth weight infants may be involved, but to which extent is still unclear.

Arteries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurophysiological evaluation of the muscular hypotrophy after immobilization.

Muscular hypotrophy due to arm or leg immobilization (MH) in absence of neuromuscular pathologies was tested by EMG spectral analysis, in order to identify a possible neurophysiological method able to analyze this kind of particular clinical picture. Two different groups of patients were tested. In group 1 the patients were suffering from vastus medialis muscle MH due to meniscus surgery, in group 2 the patients were suffering from biceps brachii muscle MH after humerus fracture. A significant difference between normal and pathological muscles was found and the methods may be useful in the neurophysiological evaluation of MH.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Normotest in the early neonatal period].

The aim of this study is the behavior of Normotest (NT) values in newborns in the first 4 days of life. The study has been carried out between January, 1982, and December, 1984, at the Department of Child Health and Neonatal Medicine - School of Medicine - University of Genoa. The number of infants tested was 1320. 694 were males and 626 females, 529 preterm (G.A. less than 37 weeks) and 791 full term babies. Infants have been tested from one to five times in the first four days of life, with the first evaluation within 12 hours of life. 1215 newborns (92%) presented NT values greater than 20%, 105 babies (8%) had NT below 20% in at least one evaluation, and received Vitamin K1 (0.5 mg/kg i.m.) as prophylaxis, being thereafter excluded from this study. Among the neonate with NT greater than 20%, 426 babies have been considered, who had, at least, three evaluations in the first four days of life. 288 (68%) of the 426 newborns, had not important disease, while 138 (32%) were sick neonates; of these babies 88 (64%) had respiratory distress syndrome and 50 (36%) had an infectious condition. The mean of NT values of the 426 newborns decreased from the first (33.84%) to the 2nd day (32.72%), with a following increment in 3rd (35.29%) and 4th day of life (39.01%). Newborns with gestational age (G.A.) less than 34 weeks showed significantly lower values than newborns with G.A. between 34-37 weeks and those with G.A. greater than 37 weeks. No newborn with NT values greater than 20% either received vitamin K or showed symptoms of haemorrhagic disease in early or later neonatal period.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Triploidy 69,XXY].

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Humans↗
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[Use of normalized velocities in the echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular performance].

The mean circumferential contraction rate of the myocardial fiber cell (Mvcf) and the ejection fraction (EF) are echocardiographic parameters commonly employed in the assessment of left ventricular performance. In cases where septal asynchonism due to fibrosis or bundle-branch block make their determination impossible, however, one is forced to use parameters obtained from movement of the posterior wall. Investigation of normal subjects and patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis showed that the "normalized" systolic velocity of the posterior wall (Vpws) and the non-normalized mean velocity (PWV) closely fitted Mvcf and that Vpws offered a good fit with EF. It is suggested that a non-invasive way of obtaining sufficiently reliable data for the evaluation of cardiac performance is offered by these two parameters.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Standardized protodiastolic median velocity of the posterior wall (dpwV) used as an index of relaxation in the construction of left ventricular function curves].

The standardized mean protodiastolic speed of the posterior wall (Vpwd), non standardized speed (DEV) and maximum speed (DEVM) obtained with ultrasounds, are capable of distinguishing subjects with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), in whom there is a diminution in compliance, from normal subjects. As this compliance diminution is liable to limit fibrocell lengthening to the extent of its distension speed, the Vpwd has been used in the plotting of ventricular function curves in replacement of telediastolic volume (as an expression of fibre lengthening). An excellent correlation was found between Vpwd and mean speed of circumferential shortening of the fibre (Mvcf) and the ejection fraction (EF) used as indices of cardiac work. The comparison shows that the two groups lie on the same curve of ventricular function and that subjects with IHSS operate low down owing to the brevity of their sarcomeres. The Vpwd can thus be utilized as an indirect index of fibre length and in the plotting of left ventricular function curves.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary agenesis].

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Angiography↗