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Biomedical subjects

G Schwartz

Publications and source records attributed to G Schwartz.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Lactose malabsorption is not a cause of diarrhea during phototherapy.

Lactose malabsorption is not a cause of diarrhea during phototherapy. Jaundiced neonates under phototherapy develop diarrhea or loose stools during the treatment. These phenomena were attributed to an induced lactase deficiency caused by bilirubin breakdown products. We investigated lactose malabsorption in 59 neonates--29 normals and 30 jaundiced under phototherapy. Five-hour hydrogen breath tests were performed. Preprandial and postprandial (at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min) expired air samples were analyzed for hydrogen. Ten controls and five jaundiced neonates had positive hydrogen breath tests. Eighteen controls and 16 neonates under phototherapy had preprandial hydrogen (concentrations above 5 ppm). In our hands, lactase deficiency and lactose malabsorption were not induced by phototherapy. Lactase deficiency is therefore not the cause of diarrhea associated with phototherapy.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1985

Tardive dyskinesia: developmental factors.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder predominantly the result of long-term neuroleptic administration. Several factors have been studied with conflicting results. In this paper, the authors compare a group of 17 TD patients with 17 non-TD controls to delineate possible etiological factors in the development of this syndrome. Factors like total neuroleptic and antiparkinsonian medication intake and organicity were not different in the groups. Only drug-free periods in the past history of TD patients were found to be statistically more significant (P less than 0.025) in these patients than in non-TD controls.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1985

Acquired isolated axillary neuropathy: an unusual complication of quadriplegia.

This report describes a rare case of acquired axillary neuropathy in a 17-year-old C-5 quadriplegic man who developed right axillary neuropathy after sleeping for six hours in a far-right lateral decubitus position. Two days after the onset of shoulder weakness, his shoulder abduction strength was found to have decreased 1 1/2 grades from measurements made 2 weeks before. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated no voluntary activity of the deltoid and no deltoid evoked response on stimulation at Erb's point, while shoulder nerve conduction latencies to other C-5 and posterior cord innervated muscles were within normal limits, suggesting a diagnosis of axillary nerve compression in the region of the quadrilateral space. Six and one-half months later, after strengthening exercises and shoulder joint support to prevent subluxation, the patient recovered deltoid strength and upper extremity function beyond that seen at the onset of the axillary neuropathy. This case emphasizes the importance of proper body positioning of spinal cord injured (SCI) patients to prevent peripheral nerve compression and further disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cholecystokinin-octapeptide in chronic schizophrenia: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Antipsychotic properties of cholecystokinin have been suggested both in laboratory studies and in some open clinical trials, mainly in patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia. Eighteen patients (14 males, 4 females) meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia had been receiving neuroleptics at a dosage that had not changed for 3 months, and to which the patients were at best only partially responsive. The patients were randomized into groups that received weekly intravenous injections of 10 micrograms of CCK-8 or normal saline over 8 weeks. Neuroleptic medication was unchanged for the study. Baseline and weekly assessments were carried out using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Schizophrenia Subscale of the Present State Examination (SS-PSE). Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between CCK-8 and placebo over the study period on the Thought Disturbance Factor and Total Score of the BPRS, and on the Nuclear Syndrome, Total Delusion Factor, and Total Score of the SS-PSE. No important side effects were noted. It is concluded that CCK-8 has definite antipsychotic properties in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Clinical trials in neuroleptic-free patients are warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Platelet 3H-imipramine binding: a state-dependent marker in depression.

Reduced density of 3H-imipramine binding sites (Bmax) to platelets has been reported in depressed patients during an episode of illness. In the present study we assessed the usefulness of decreased Bmax of platelet 3H-imipramine binding as an indicator of the depressed state. We also investigated the effect of long-term treatment with imipramine on platelet 3H-imipramine binding. A comparison of platelet 3H-imipramine binding in 10 drug-free depressed patients and 8 normal volunteers revealed significantly lower mean Bmax values in depressed patients, whereas the affinity (Kd) of 3H-imipramine binding was identical in both groups. A longitudinal study of platelet 3H-imipramine binding in 10 depressed patients during and after imipramine treatment (125-200 mg/day) revealed consistently low Bmax values despite clinically meaningful improvement. However, Bmax values increased significantly following complete remission and remained elevated even after imipramine had been discontinued for 4 weeks. These findings suggest that decrease in the sensity of platelet 3H-imipramine binding sites in depressed patients is not likely to be a direct drug effect and that normalization of this variable may follow clinical remission.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Biological studies and research of immunologic deficiencies in blood donors from a prison environment].

The prison population may be considered as a population at risk for AIDS. Biological parameters were studied in order to detect significant anomalies commonly observed in AIDS patients. With respect to are age matched control population of donors, there are no statistically significant differences concerning the nutritional and inflammatory states of the two populations. The investigation of the humoral immunity shows comparable levels of circulating antibodies in the two groups: a high level of anti-cytomegalovirus and anti-herpes antibodies is more frequently found in the penal population. The markers for hepatitis B were also studied. None of the individuals is a carrier of the HBs antigen. The percentage of individuals having biological markers of hepatitis B is higher in the at risk group (45%) than in the control group (10%). The evaluation of the cell-mediated immunity shows that there are no significant differences between the mean values found in the two groups for OKT3, T11, OKT4 and OKT8. There is no inversed OKT4/OKT8 ratio in the at risk group while one donor in the control group shows an inversed OKT4/OKT8 ratio.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Physical factors influencing quantitation of two-dimensional contrast echo amplitudes.

Measurement errors that may interfere with quantitation by the new myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiographic technique were examined in a simplified in vitro model consisting of a 50 cc blood-filled balloon with supplemental controlled injection of 0.2 to 2.6 cc of sonicated dextrose 70%. The blood-contrast mixture in the balloon volume was imaged with two-dimensional echocardiography and discrete regions were studied for both magnitude and time course of echo intensities. Preliminary evidence indicates that a regional contrast echo intensity measurement is significantly modified by contrast-related ultrasound attenuation in intervening regions and by the amount and mode of contrast material injection. Thus, injection of 1.2 cc contrast material resulted in substantially higher peak echo intensity and a more rapid decay than injection of 0.8 or 0.6 cc. These measurements were also found to be influenced by the echographic system signal processing and time-gain compensation which contribute to nonlinear and unevenly compensated image distribution of echo amplitudes. Other factors are discussed, including transducer-related image resolution and image texture, contrast agent bubble size and persistence and computer methods for standardized selection of region of interest and analysis of the regional contrast intensity decay curve.

Blood↗
PubMed1984

Nature of the B10 amino acid residue. Requirements for high biological activity of insulin.

Human [10-asparagine-B] insulin ([ Asn10 -B] insulin), an analogue which differs from the parent molecule in that the histidine residue at position 10 of the B chain (B10) is replaced by asparagine, has been synthesized and isolated in purified form. In vitro biological assays indicated a potency of ca. 35% compared to insulin. We have previously shown that the replacement of histidine at position B10 by lysine resulted in an analogue displaying ca. 15% of the biological activity of natural hormone, while the substitution of leucine in this position produced a molecule exhibiting ca. 45% potency in in vivo assays. The data indicate that molecular size of the amino acid residue at position B10 may be important in the maintenance of a structure commensurate with high biological activity. Polarity at this position appears to be rather unimportant while a strongly basic group appears to be deleterious.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Detection of renal calculi: the value of tomography.

Two hundred patients were evaluated to determine the sensitivity of tomography in detecting calculous disease of the upper urinary tract. In all cases, patients had routine scout radiographs of the abdomen and five precontrast tomograms of the kidneys. Of the 200 patients, 28 (14%) had renal calculi. Of these, 11 (39%) had either unsuspected or more calculi detected on tomography than seen on abdominal radiographs. Patients with symptoms suggestive of calculous disease should be evaluated with tomography in addition to plain films in order to optimize the detection and the extent of calculous disease involving the urinary tract.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1984

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Brazil↗