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Biomedical subjects

G Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to G Schmidt.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Allies and persecutors: science and medicine in the homosexuality issue.

Using Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935) and his Zwischenstufentheorie (theory of intersexual stages) as an example, the problems raised for homosexuals by etiological research into homosexuality are scrutinized. Hirschfeld, one of the most influential sex researchers working in the first part of the century, fully intended his biological theory to support his campaign on behalf of homosexuals' rights. However, the Zwischenstufentheorie and modern variations of it, such as the ideas of the endocrinologist, Günter Dörner, have been converted into strategies for preventing or curing homosexuality. From an historical point of view, it becomes clear that, in a society hostile to homosexuals, the results gained from research into the causes of homosexuality can be used against homosexuals and, in fact, have been.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Conformational analysis of the antiulcer drug pirenzepine. X-ray investigations, molecular mechanics and quantum mechanical calculations and comparisons with structurally or pharmacologically related compounds.

The crystal structures of the antiulcer drug 5,11-dihydro-11-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) acetyl]-6H-pyrido[2,3-b] [1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one dihydrochloride (pirenzepine dihydrochloride, L-S 519 CL 2, Gastrozepin) and its monoprotonated form (pirenzepine monohydrochloride, L-S 519 CL) were determined by X-ray analysis. Molecular mechanics (MMPI) and semiempirical quantum chemical (MNDO) calculations showed that the calculated minimum energy conformations of the tricycle and of the exocyclic amide group are in agreement with the crystal structures. The conformational energies of pirenzepine as a function of four important torsional angles were calculated using different semiempirical quantum chemical methods with the CNDO/2 (complete neglect of differential overlap)-, MNDO (modified neglect of diatomic overlap)- and PCILO (perturbative configuration interaction using localized orbitals)-approximations. The conformation of one local energy minimum corresponds closely to the crystal structure of pirenzepine monohydrochloride. This conformation has a spatial arrangement which is analogous to a single consistent conformation known from the literature of 24 anticholinergic agents determined from their crystal structures by a computer graphics analysis. On the other hand there are no structural relationships of any low energy conformation of pirenzepine to conformations of other classes of tricyclic compounds which could rationalize their antidepressant, neuroleptic or antihistaminic activity. This finding explains the absence of any central effect of pirenzepine following intracerebral application. The computational elucidation of the conformational requirements for the interaction with the muscarinic receptors may be helpful for the interpretation of the selectivity of pirenzepine within the muscarinic system.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1983

Reduction in mortality from upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.

A study of 2377 cases of haemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract shows a significant fall in mortality rate--from 15.5% in the period of retrospective study from 1961 to 1970 to 7% in the prospective study from 1972 to 1982. The fall in mortality rate from non-variceal bleeding was from 12.8% to 5%. In the second five years of the prospective study, the total mortality rate was 5.8%, with 4.5% for non-variceal haemorrhage. This improvement occurred despite a significant rise in the proportion of patients of 60 years of age and over, and was particularly evident in patients with bleeding chronic gastric ulcers. There was also a significant reduction in mortality in the 60 years and over age group in the latter five years of the prospective study. The data suggest that there were three aspects of management which were important in the reduction of mortality. These were early fibreoptic endoscopic diagnosis, improved resuscitation and postoperative care, and early control of bleeding from oesophageal varices by balloon tamponade and surgery in selected cases. These complicated procedural aspects of management are best applied in a special unit for the treatment of patients with haemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract. It is concluded that there has been significant progress in the treatment of this problem during the last decade.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Pituitary and adrenal hormones in patients after myocardial infarction under ergometer load.

The levels of human growth hormone (HGH), ACTH and cortisol in the plasma of 100 middle-aged men were measured by means of radioimmunoassay (12 patients in the phase of hospitalization after myocardial infarction, 47 patients in convalescence, 31 patients in post-convalescence, 10 healthy men). Twenty patients in the phase of convalescence and all patients in post-convalescence did exercises on bicycle ergometer with submaximal loading. Patients after myocardial infarction showed significantly lower basic levels of HGH than healthy persons, and the increase in the HGH level induced by exercise was significantly lower. The hormones ACTH and cortisol showed only slight differences. The secretion of the pituitary hormones, mainly HGH, seems to be altered in patients after myocardial infarction.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Mechanisms and possible causes of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease has been found to be genetically transmitted. Structural changes in the disease include loss of neurons, specifically cholinergic and perhaps noradrenergic neurons. Functional connections among neurons are also lost. No cause has yet been determined, but slow viruses, autoimmune processes, and aluminum toxicity have been proposed.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1983

The outcome of couple therapy for sexual dysfunctions using three different formats.

Couples suffering from sexual dysfunctions were treated using three different formats: 1) two therapists, long-term; 2) one therapist, long-term; and 3) two therapists, intensive. The analysis of outcome data showed no significant differences between one vs. two therapists. There was a slight trend for better results from long-term as compared to the intensive therapy. These differences, however, were no longer evident at one-year follow-up. It is concluded that the success of couple therapy is rather independent of the format. Recommendations are made for a differential indication for the three formats.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Endoanaesthesia of left ventricular mechanoreceptors by steady state infusion of lignocaine and the influence of dopamine.

We recorded the afferent activity of 11 left ventricular mechanoreceptors in filaments of the vagus nerve in 10 chloralose-anaesthetised cats. The fibres showed low irregular spontaneous activity of 2.9 (0.2 to 8.4) spikes X s-1. During temporary occlusion of the left anterior descending or left main coronary artery they were activated to 19.1 (4.8 to 47.0) spikes X s-1. Intravenous infusion of 0.175 and 0.35 mg X kg-1 X min-1 lignocaine lowered heart rate and blood pressure. The spontaneous nerve fibre activity remained unchanged by the local anaesthetic, whereas the maximum activity evoked by coronary artery occlusion was reduced to 14.7 (2.6 to 34.1) and 10.9 (2.4 to 27.6) spikes X s-1. An additional infusion of 5 and 10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 dopamine during continued application of 0.35 mg X kg-1 X min lignocaine raised heart rate and blood pressure to control values but had only minimal effects on the response of the fibres to coronary occlusion. It is concluded that lignocaine exerts a specific endoanaesthetic effect on the left ventricular mechanoreceptors, which is not mediated by its negative inotropic side effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Histological demonstration of capillaries, interstitial space and muscle fibers in heart and skeletal muscle with fluorescent dyes.

A method is described which allows a clear demonstration of capillaries and muscle fibers in the heart and skeletal muscle of experimental animals. The fluorescent dyes fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and lissamine rhodamine B 200 (RB 200) were conjugated with a protein of high (gamma-globulin) and low (myoglobin) molecular weight, respectively, and were intravitally injected into the vascular system of rats. FITC globulin distributes itself in the intravasal space and RB 200 myoglobin in the extracellular. In histological sections the capillary lumina and the borderlines of the muscular fibers can be clearly identified and quantitatively evaluated because of the selective fluorescence in the respective structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of the supra-alveolar soft tissue on the relapse of orthodontic treatment.

Orthodontic closure in cases of aplasia as also in patients with spaces of other genesis is often associated with problems of relapse. In this study ten patients were treated orthodontically in order to close unacceptable interdental spaces. Five patients had paired aplasia. The remaining five patients had interdental spaces of different genesis. Supra-crestal connective tissue fibres were surgically removed in all patients but only on one side of the jaw in the children with paired aplasia. The non-operated side of these children served as a control side. The stability of the orthodontic treatment was acceptable. No definite difference between the operated and the control side was recorded. The histological analysis of the removed tissue did not reveal anything unexpected but a rich infiltration of inflammatory cells. It is suggested that inflammation might aid the reorganization of the connective tissues in this area.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1983

[The importance of Robert Koch's discovery for the development of bacteriology].

On March 24th, 1882 Robert Koch reported to the Physiological Society of Berlin the discovery of microbes causing tuberculosis. Simultaneously he expressed his views on the pathogenesis of this nation-wide disease. With his work he contributed decisively to the development of a theory on infectious process. The results of his investigations on cholera and typhoid fever greatly stimulated the development of the epidemiology of contagious diseases.

Bacteriology↗